英语June 20.docx

英语June 20.docx

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英语June20

AptitudeTestSATScholasticAptitudeTest

潜能考试

DiagnosticTest诊断性考试

AchievementTest学业考试

ProficiencyTest水平考试

Yardstick标尺

Readbetweenthelines读出字里行间之外的含义

Minimum-maximum

Minimalinput/cost,maximaloutput/benefit

Myplan:

Dialoguecompletion,ReadingComprehension;vocabulary&Structure,Cloze,Writing

20.

Grammar:

非谓语动词；虚拟语气；从句（定语从句）；一致；情态动词；倒装

一．非谓语动词

谓语动词，Helikesreadingthananythingelse.Heisagoodboy.Hehasbeenworking.

Ilikereading/IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.Iamaniceguy.Ihaveworkedhere…

受主语在人称/时态/数（单数/复数）影响的动词，就是谓语动词；能独立做谓语

非谓语动词，就是不能单独做谓语，但是不受主语的人称/时态/数的影响。

todo,doing,done

Iwanttodo/hewantstodo,youwantedtodo

1.不带to的不定式（省略to）

1）will/would,shall/should,can/could,may/might,must,need,dare

Willgo,couldsing,maylose

2）hadbetter,wouldrather,may（just）aswell不妨，倒不如;can’tbut

Youhadbetter（not）tellhimatthemoment.

Shewouldratherquitherjob.

3）“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，

a.表示感觉意义的动词see,hear,feel,smell,watch,observe,notice;

b.表示“役使”意义的动词,make/let/have

Ioftenseethemanenterthedoornexttothebank.

Letmehavealook.Madehimcry.

MyMathteacherhadmepractisethateventforovertwohours.（Ihadtheclassroomcleaned）

但是，bemade/heard/seentodo

4）句子前半句有动词do的某种形式，介词but,except后的动词，也可以不用to

Thereisnothingtodobutwaittosee…

Allthathedidatthattimewaslieonhisbeddreaming.

Thereisnochoicebuttowaittillitstopsraining.（前半句没有动词do，所以towait）

5）why,whynot之后（whydoyou）

Whycrysohard?

Whynotgivehimhelp?

6）ratherthan在句首

Ratherthanrefusethecookiesoffered,hetookthemandswallowedthemup.

Hedidn’trefusethecookiesofferedbuttookthemandswallowedthemupinstead.

Insteadofrefusingthecookies,hetook…

2.不定式做定语

1）某些名词后,time,way,right,reason,effort,ambition,chance,movement

Thereisnotimetocryoverthefailure.

Haveyougotanygoodreasontobeabsentfromthemeeting?

2）某些动词或形容词，常接不定式，其派生的名词，也就用不定式做定语

Themanisanxioustoseehisnewboss.

Hisanxietytoseethenewbossconfusedus.

这些派生的名词主要有：

ability,agreement,anxiety,attempt,claim,decision,determination,need,plan,promsie,readiness,tendency,willingness,wish,refusal,offer,choice,longing,intention,

3）最高级/序数词,theonly,thelast等修饰的名词，常用todo做定语

Heisalwaysthefirst（man）toarrive.

Thisisthebestwinetoofferatthemoment.

3.todo做状语

1）（only）todo结果状语，对主语的不利结果

Afewdayslaterhecamebackonlytofindthatthetroopshadleft.

2）表示态度，用作独立成份

Tobebrief简言之，totellthetruth,tobeexact,tobefrankwithyou,todohimjustice为他说句公道话,tosaynothingof姑且不论,toconclude总而言之,tobehonest,tobeginwithsh首先

4.Itis+adj.+for/of+sb.+todosth.何时用for/of?

Itwasveryfoolish_of_youtoleavethecompanysosoon.

Itisnecessary___himtotakenoticeofthematter.

表示人物特征的,用of

Brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,cruel,honest,kind,nice,rude,wrong

5.intended,expected,meant,hoped,wanted,planned,wished,was/weretohavedone表示过去没有实现的愿望/意图

Iwastohavecrossedtheriverbeforeitwasdark,butthenaheavyraincameuponandtheriverflooded.

6.下列结构中的to是介词。

后面接名词或动名词todoing.

Givewayto让位于,confess/admitto承认，giveriseto导致，amountto达到，taketo喜欢，leadto导致，lookforwardto,stickto坚持，becommittedto致力于,bedevoted/dedicatedto奉献，beopposedto,objectto反对，bereducedto沦落为，beused/accustomedto习惯于,withaviewto目的在于，为了

7．Seem,appear,besaid,bethought,beconsideredtohavedone不定式表示的动作先于主动作发生

Heissaidtohavetraveledtoalotofcountries.

Youseemtohavedoneagreatdeal.

8.doing:

哪些动词，特别是哪些结构，后面接doing

1）.Avoid,enjoy,mind,finish,fancy,imagine,delay,admit,postpone,practice,risk,suggest,consider,keep,escape,excuse,prevent

2）havetrouble/difficulty/problemsdoingsth

3）spend。

。

。

doing

4）bebusydoing

5）beany/some/nousedoing

6）Thereisnodoing

7）what’sthepoint/use/gooddoing?

9.need,want,require,deservedoing,tobedone

Yourhairistoolong.Itneedscutting.

10.encourage,permit,allow,recommend,advise,authorize,+sb.todo/doing

Thiskindofdevicemayencouragecheating.

Heoftenencouragesmetobeindependent.

11.forget,remembertodo/doing没做/已做

Youarepayingmeagain?

YouforgetpayingmelastFriday.

Remembertoturnofftheair-conditionersandthelights,please.

Iremembertellingyoumycellphonenumber.

12.逻辑主语

句子主语应该是非谓语动词的主语

Tosucceed,youneedtoputinlotsofeffort.

（Ifyouwanttosucceed）

_Seen_fromthehighestbuildinginthecity,thecarslooklikeants.See/seeing/seen/tosee

Whilewaitinginthebusstop,aheavystonehithim,sendinghimtoahospital.

Whilewaiting…hewashitbyastone.

Whilehewaswaiting…,astone…

13。

独立主谓结构，with结构

主语＋分词，主句

主句（主谓），主语＋分词　是从句的简化形式，

Becausetherewasnothingmoretodiscuss,themeetingbrokeup.

Therebeingnothingmoretodiscuss,themeeting…

Therewasnothingtodoandwedecidedto..

Becausetherewasnothingtodo,we…

Everythingtakenintoaccount,hisplanmightbethemostdesirable.

（Aftereverythinghasbeentakenintoaccount）,

Thelittlegirlwenttothewilderness,withherpetdogjumpingaroundher.

With+名词+doing/done表示伴随状况

Sb.bedone,sthbedoing

Weareinterested/disappointed/moved/depressed.

Themovieisinteresting/disappointing/moving.

虚拟语气

1．If2.原形动词3.过去

1if非真实条件句,动词的形式，回推一个时间

与现在的真实情形相反：

IfIwereathomenow,IwouldbewatchingaNBAmatch.

If+过去时，主句woulddo

与过去的真实情形相反

IfIhadbeenonthatbusyesterday,Iwouldhavetakentheguytothepolicestation.

If+haddone,主句：

wouldhavedone,

与将来的真实情形相反

IfIwereto/shouldgotothemoonnextyear,Iwouldflythereinasolar-energyaeroplane.

If+weretodo/shoulddo,主句：

woulddo

省略if倒装

IfIwereathomenow,IwouldbewatchingaNBAmatch—WereIathomenow

IfIhadbeenonthatbusyesterday,Iwouldhavetakentheguytothepolicestation.HadIbeen

IfIweretogotothemoonnextyear….WereItogo,ShouldIgo

错综时间的虚拟

Ifyouhadbeenonthatflightyesterday,Iwouldn’tbeseeingyounow.

2.动词原形的

1）suggest,propose;advise,recommend;require,request,ask,demand,insist;order,commend;rule裁决,stipulate规定，move动议

上述动词及其派生词后面that从句中的动词，用原形

Thepresentsituationsuggests（表明）thatthecrisishasn’treacheditsworststageyet.

Thechairman/father/teacher…suggestedthatanewofficebuildingbebuiltrightaway.

2）itis/wasnecessary/important/vital/crucial/essentialthat从句中动词用原形

Itwasnecessarythathearriveattheofficeontime.

3）lest以防万一

3.必须用动词过去时态的一个形式

Wish,ifonly,wouldrather,asif,itistime后面that从句中的动词

Iwishitwerenotsohotnow.

Iwishyouhadnotbeensoexcitedlastnight.

Thehusbandwouldratherthathiswifequitherjobandlookafterthechildren.

倒装

全部倒装：

整个谓语置于主语前

部分倒装：

助动词置于主语前，主动词在主语后

Incamethedoctor,followedbyhisassistant.

NotuntilhadhetoldmethatIgottoknowshewasdivorced.

1.here,there,now,out,in,up,down,away,off,then,

Upwenttheplane.

Herearethebooksyouaskfor.

Theregoesthebus.

但是：

here/there句型中，若主语是人称代词，则不倒装

Hereyouare.Theresheis.

2.only+状语

Onlywithhardworkcanyouachievesuccess.

OnlyafterhehascomebackwillIleave.

3.nor/neither,so

Youdon’tsmoke?

Nor/NeitherdoI.

Hehasleftthecity.Sohavewe.

4.never,atnotime,bynomeans,innocase,little,undernocircumstances,notonly…,notuntil,hardly/scarcely,nosooner…than,hardly/scarely…when.

Seldomdowegotothecanteenforlunch.

NeverbeforehaveIseensuchawonderfulmovie.