Book 2 Lesson 5.docx

Book 2 Lesson 5.docx

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Book2Lesson5

ContemporaryCollegeEnglishBookTwo

LessonThreeMoreCrimeandLessPunishment

课程名称

基础英语

授课专业及班次

08级本科英语教育

授课内容

MoreCrimeandLessPunishment

授课方式及学时

讲授＋问答＋讨论＋练习

目的要求

目的:

1.了解文章的写作目的。

2.掌握dueto,toamountto,tohavechargeofsb./sth.,undersupervision/underthesupervisionof,so…asto,tobefacedwith,topayfor,theotherwayaround,togettoughwithsb.,toworkoutto.等重点词汇和短语的意义及用法.

要求:

1.掌握结果的表达方法。

2.通过句子释义，理解课文中难句。

3.通过篇章结构分析，掌握文章的主旨大意和写作方法。

重点与难点

1、重点：

1．掌握重点词汇及其同义词辨析。

2．掌握结果的表达方法。

2、难点：

1．掌握几个重要句型:

somuch/many+noun+thatintroducingaclause;so+adj.+as+toinfinitive;sothatintroducingaclause;andintroducingaclause.2.文中难句的理解。

讲授内容及

时间分配

1．课文背景介绍（1／2学时）

2．语言难点（2学时）

3．语言技能训练（1／2学时）

4．难句讲解（1学时）

5．写作修辞分析（1／2学时）

6．篇章结构分析（1／2学时）

7．课堂讨论（1／2学时）

8．练习及作业（1／2学时）

教具

（指教具与教学方法）多媒体＋黑板＋网络

参考资料

（1）杨立明.《现代大学英语》（第二册）第1版.外语教学与研究出版社，2005.

（2）陆国强.《现代英语词汇学》（新版）第一版。

上海外语教育出版社，2005.

（3）彭长江.《英汉-汉英翻译教程》第1版.湖南师范大学出版社，2002.

（4）JudyPearsall.《新牛津英语词典》第1版.上海外语教育出版社，2001.

（5）冯庆华.《实用翻译教程》（第一版）.山海外语教育出版社，2002.

LessonThreeMoreCrimeandLessPunishment

1．Background（1／2period）

IntroductiontotheText

PurposeoftheEssay

Theessaydoesnotattempttodealwithallthevariousaspectsofthecrimeproblem.Rather,itisrestrictedtosomethingitcanmanageeffectivelyinabout1,000words.Itprovidesstatisticalinformationandanalyzesthepresentsituationtoshowthatpunishmentdoesnotdetercrime（probablyinreplytoobservationsthatharshpunishmentsshouldbeenforcedtoreducecrime.）

2．DetailedDiscussionoftheText

1.StructureoftheText

Likemanyessays,thetextconsistsofthreeparts.

①Thefirstthreeparagraphsmakeuptheintroduction,inwhichthewritershows,withstatistics,howseriousthecrimeproblemisintheUntiedStatesandintroducesthecentralideaofhisessay:

punishmentdoesnotreducecrime.

②Inthenextpart（paras.4–9）,thebodyoftheessay,hegoesontoanalyzewhypunishmentdoesn’tdetercrime.Heobservesthatwithsomanycriminalstohandle,theU.S.criminaljusticesystemisonlyabletolockupthemostseriousoffenders;thepublicisunwillingtopayforprisonconstruction;longerprisonsentencesarenotonlytooexpensivetobefeasible,butalsoineffectual.

③Inthelastparagraph,theconclusion,thecentralideaisrestatedinamoreaffirmativeandemphaticway:

gettingtoughwithcriminalsisnottheanswertothecrimeproblem.

2.TechniquesofWriting

1）StatisticalInformation

Thisisanargumentativepieceofwriting,inwhichthewritertries,usingclearthinkingandlogic,toconvincereadersofthesoundnessofhisopinion:

punishmentdoesnotdetercrime.Inordertoconvince,awriterneedsevidence;here,Moranchieflyusesstatisticalevidence,includingexactstatisticalinformation（onthere-imprisonmentofparoledcriminals）andapproximatestatistics（onthecrimerateoftheU.S）.

2）Analogy

Analogyisthecomparisonoftwounlikethingsforthepurposeofillustration.Thecomparisonispossiblebecausethetwothingshavesomethingincommon.Inthefourthparagraph,thewritercomparesacriminal’sacceptanceintoaprisonwiththeadmissionofahigh-schoolgraduatetoacollege.Thesimilarityisthatbothhavetomaintaincertainstandards,andthestandardschangeaccordingtothelawofsupplyanddemand（themorecandidatesthereare,thehigherthestandardsforacceptance.）

3）RhetoricalQuestions

Thosearequestionsthatdonotexpectananswerbutexpressastrongfeeling,opinionorimpression.Threerhetoricalquestionsareusedinthesecondparagraphasawayofchallengingreaders,makingthemeitheragreewiththewriterorthinkwhytheydonot.Lookatthesequestions:

Butcanweaffordtocutoffthehandsofthosewhocommittedmorethan35millionpropertycrimeseachyear?

Canwesendthemtoprison?

Canweexecutemorethan22,000murderers?

Suchquestionsachievemoreeffectthanstatementsexpressingthesameideas.

4）SelectiveUseofRepetition

Inparagraph6,thestructure“Ofthe/every…only/about,…”isusedfivetimesforemphasis.Repetitionofwordsandstructurescanbeveryusefulifusedcarefully.

3.LanguageandStyle

Thestyleisslightlyformal,asisthecaseofseriousessays.Wefindquiteanumberoflongsentenceswithcomplicatedstructure,suchasthesecondandthirdinparagraph4,thelastinparagraph5andthatinparagraph8.Wefindfewcontractions.Asfarasdictionisconcerned,bothformalandinformalwordsandexpressionsareusedaswefindinformalessays.

Tipsforteachingthelesson

1.AsthestudentsprobablyknowtoolittleabouttheAmericanjudicialsystemtounderstandtheissuesdiscussedintheessay,teachersareadvisedtosupplyalittlesuchinformation,eitherintheformofprintedmaterial,orinapre-classtalk.Ortheycouldgivewhatisnecessaryastheydiscussthetext.Theycanatthesametimeintroducethemostimportantlegalterms,astheygoalong.Butdon’ttrytoteachtoomuch,justenoughforstudentstounderstandtheissuesdiscussed.

2.CrimeisacomplicatedproblemforstudentsofthisleveltodiscussinEnglish.Anydiscussionatthisstageissuretosuperficial.OnethingteacherscandoiscombinediscussionoftheCrimeproblemwithlanguagetrainingasshowninGrammarExercise5.2）,toelicitwaysofdealingwithcrimeusingpassivevoice.

3．LanguagePoints

①certaintyn.

确实,确定（性）;必然的事;毫无疑问的事adeadcertainty

（竞赛时）必胜的马;势所必然

Ican'tsaywithanycertaintywhereIshallbenextweek.

我不能确切地说下周我在什么地方。

习惯用语

foracertainty的确;必然;毫无疑问

ofacertainty的确;必然;毫无疑问

toacertainty的确;必然;毫无疑问

inthecertainty必定

moralcertainty确实有把握的事

②convict

n.罪犯（长期服刑的）囚犯［美俚］马戏团的斑马vt.宣告有罪,使知罪

convictgoods

服劳役囚犯生产的物品

convictprison

徒刑监狱

convictsystem

徒刑制度；流刑制度

③estimatevt.估计,预算,估价评价,判断[古]尊重

estimatethecostof...

估计...的成本

estimatesb.'sability

评价某人的能力

习惯用语

ataroughestimate据粗略估计

byestimate照估计

formanestimateof给...作一估计;评价

makeanestimateof给...作一估计;评价

theEstimates[英]财政收支概算

参考词汇

estimateappraiseevaluate

都含“估价”、“估计”的意思。

estimate指“根据个人的知识、经验或认识而形成看法或判断,并强调其估计的结果可能是错的”,如:

Iestimatedhisageat40.

我估计他的年龄是四十岁。

appraise指“根据内行的意见,作出正确无疑的估计”,如:

Propertyisappraisedfortaxation.

估计财产以便征税。

evaluate指强调“评定某人[物]的价值”,如:

Let'sevaluatetheevidence.

让我们评定一下此证据的价值。

④feasibleadj.

可实行的;切实可行的;行得通的

[口]可能（有）的;有理的;似真的

可用的;适宜的

It'snotfeasibletodismisshim.

不可开除他。

Hisstorysoundsfeasible.

他讲的似乎有理。

⑤illustrate

vt.举例说明;例证加上插图[图解]

（be）illustratedwith[by]以...说明之

Thepublisherwillillustratethebook.那个出版商将给这本书配图。

Couldyouillustratethisquestionwithsomeexamples?

你能举些实例来说明这个问题吗？

4．SentenceAnalysis（1period）

①Ifyouarelookingforanexplanationofwhywedon’tgettoughwithcriminalsyouneedonlylookatthenumbers.1:

Ifyouaretryingtofindoutwhywedon’tdealwithcriminalsseverely,youcanjustlookatthenumbers–therearetoomanyofthemforthesocietytopunish.

Getthroughwith:

tobecomeharsh,severe,unyieldingwithsomebody,e.g.

Thegovernmenthasdecidedtogettoughwithcarsmugglers.

Theschoolaskedthepolicetogettoughwiththeneighborhoodbullieswhowereconstantlyshakingthechildrendown.

②Thisamountstomorethan41millioncrime,manymorethanweareabletopunish.1:

Thismeansthateachyearmorethan41millioncrimesarecommitted,whichisfarmorethanthepolicecanhandle.

Amounttosomething:

tobeequalto,inquantityorinmeaning,e.g.

Theseeminglypoliteletteramountstoarefusal.

Hersavingsdon’tamounttomuch.

Whenhedied,hisdebtsamountedtofiftythousanddollars.

③Thebestestimatessuggestthat36millionto40millionpeople（16to18percentoftheU.S.population）havearrestrecordsfornontrafficoffenses.1:

Accordingtothemostfavorablejudgment,36millionto40millionpeople,amountingto16to18percentoftheU.S.population,haveatsometimebeenarrestedforactsofwrongdoing,notincludingthoseofbreakingtrafficrulesandregulations.

Suggest:

tostateindirectly,e.g.

Hissilencesuggesteddisagreement.

Thefiguressuggestthattheincomeofthelocalpeopleisincreasing.

④Wealreadyhave2.4millionpeopleundersomeformofcorrectionalsupervision,412,000ofthemlockedawayinaprisoncell.1:

Inthiscountry,therearealready2.4millionpeoplewhoarereceivingpunishmentinoneformoranother;412,000ofthemareservingtheirprisonterms/keptinprison.

Undercorrectionalsupervision:

aeuphemism（=theuseofapleasanternameforsomethingthoughttobeunpleasant）,meaningbeingdisciplined,orbeingmadetoimproveone’sbehaviorunderthecontrol/chargeofthecommunity,etc.asapunishment

Locksomebodyaway:

toputsomebodyinprison

Locksomethingaway:

toputsomethinginasafeplaceandfastenthelock,e.g.

Shelocksimportantpapersawayinadrawer.

Culturalnote:

IntheU.S.,besidesimprisonment,thereareotherformsofpunishment.Forexample,youngpeoplewhobreakthelawcanbeputintoareformschool/reformatory（inBritain,communityhome）wheretheyreceivetraining.Ortheymightberequiredtodocommunityserviceworkforafixednumberofhours.

⑤.Wedon’thaveroomforanymore.1:

Thecountrydoesnothaveenoughprisonsformorethan412,000criminals.

⑥.Thisiswhythecertaintyandseverityofpunishmentmustgodownwhenthecrimerategoesup.2:

Thisiswhyatthepresentmomentnotallcrimesarepunishedandthepunishmentforcrimesislessseverethanbeforeeventhoughthecrimerateisontheincrease.

Notethewriter’schoiceofwordtocontrastcrimerateandtheseverityofpunishment:

goupandgodown

Goup:

torise,