英国文学上2完整版.docx

英国文学上2完整版.docx

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英国文学上2完整版

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Part2

TheEnglishRenaissance

（1485-1660）

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LeonardodaVinci（1452-1519）

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AlighieriDante（1265-1321）

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The

Divine

Comedy

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蒙娜丽沙的微笑

（MonaLisa）1503-1506，

现藏于法国巴黎罗浮宫

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Chapter1Renaissance

●Renaissancemeans“rebirth”,theartandscienceofancientGreeceandRomewerebeingrediscoveredafterlongyearsofneglect.

●Humanismemphasizedthedignityandpotentialoftheindividualandtheworthoflifeinthisworld..

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●Renaissanceisamovementthatmarksthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

●RediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture

●Newdiscoveriesingeographyandastronomy

●PavedthewayforReligiousreformationandBourgeoisRevolution（thePuritanRevolutioninEngland）

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●Renaissancegotridofoldfeudalistideasandintroducednewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie.

●Toexalthumanelementsorstresstheimportanceofhumaninterests

●Toseehumanbeingsasgloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopment

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●Toemphasizethedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife

●Tobelievethatmandoesnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buttheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders

●Toexpresstherebelliousspiritagainstthetyrannyoffeudalruleandreligiousdomination

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MainfeaturesofRenaissanceliterature:

●emphasizesthedignityandvalueofman

●advocatesindividualism,individualdevelopmentandself-fulfillment

●affirmsthedelightofearthlyachievementandman’sdesireforhappinessandpleasure

●expressestherebelliousspiritagainstthetyrannyoffeudalruleandreligiousdomination

●Renaissancemelancholy:

thepuzzlingdoubtsandaprofoundmistrustofman’sownpowers,deepestdespairofman

●（eg.Dr.FaustusbyChristopherMarlowe,MecbethbyWilliamShakespeare）

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RenaissanceinEngland

●StartedinItalyin14thcentury,tookplaceinEnglandbytheendof15thcentury（1485A.D.）

●Twoimpulses:

●1.humanistreverencefortheclassics;

●2.Englishpride--senseofnationalidentityHenryVIII’saccessiontothethrone

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HenryVIIIandhiswives

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●Threestages:

thefirststage（1485-1558）

●OxfordReformersandThomasMore

●Thesecondstage（1558—1603）TheElizabethanAge

●Poetry:

JohnLyly（euphuism）,

●SirPhilipSidney,EdmundSpenser

●Drama:

Marlowe,Jonson,Shakespeare

●Prose:

FrancisBacon

●Thethirdstage（1603—1660）The17thCenturyTheMetaphysicals玄学派andtheCavaliers骑士学派

●TheKingJamesBibleof1611,JohnMilton,JohnBunyan

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Chapter2TheBeginningof

EnglishRenaissance（1485-1558）

●TheOxfordReformerstravelledandstudiedinItaly,introducedclassicalliteraturetoEnglandandstrovetoreformeducationonahumanisticline,helpedtospreadthelightofnewscienceandnewworldoutlook,laidthefoundationfortheriseofanewliteratureinEngland

●ThomasMore:

humanisticleaderofearly16thcentury,forerunnersofmodernsocialistthought,thepredecessoroftheEnglishRenaissance（Utopia）

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TheSongsandSonnetsbyWyattandSurreyin1557,thefirstanthologyofEnglishlyricpoems.

●1.ThomasWyatt（1503-1542）

●ThefirstgreatEnglishsonneteer

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●2.HenryHoward（1517-1547）

●InventedtheEnglishformofthesonnetandblankverses

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Chapter3TheElizabethanAge

（OrTheAgeofShakespeare）

（1558-1603）

●I.Background

●Theenclosuremovement:

Manypeasantswereforcedtoleavethelandandsettleddownintowns.Thetwooppositeclassescameintobeing,thecapitalistvs.thelaboringclass

●TheReformation:

areturntopureChristianity--cleansingthechurchofallthecorruption.RomanCatholicism—theAnglicanchurch—Puritanism,triggeredbyHenryVIII’sdivorceandremarrying

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●RisingoftheBritishEmpire:

rosetogreatseapoweroftheworld,“thesundoesnotsetontheBritishEmpire”

●In1588,EnglishnavydefeatedtheSpanishArmada,whichacceleratedtheawakeningofEnglishpeople’snationalconsciousness.

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●TheElizabethAge（1558-1603）:

thepeakandthemostcreativeperiodoftheEnglishRenaissance,thebeginningofmoderncapitalistEngland.EnglandenjoyedpeacefuldevelopmentundertheruleofQueenElizabethI,whomaintainedabalancebetweentheProtestantsandtheCatholics.

●QueenElizabethI:

patronoflearning,wrotepoemsherself

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QueenElizabethI

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II.ElizabethanPoetry

●SirPhilipSidney（1554-1586）

●AstrophelandStella,seriesofsonnets

●Arcadia,aromance-epicinprose

●ApologyforPoetry,aneloquentpleaforliterature

Romanticcharacter（perfectknightandscholarcourtier）

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EdmundSpenser（1552-1599）

●1stmasterofEnglishverse,theSpencerianstanza—9lines,ababbcbcc

●TheShepherd'sCalendar,12pastoralpoems,oneforeachmonthoftheyear

●Amoretti（88sonnets）

●FaerieQueen（12booksofvirtue,forQueenElizabeth）

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TheSpencerianstanza

●Nine–linestanza:

thefirsteightareiambicpentametrelines,andninthlinehastwomoresyllables,rhymingababbcbcc

●FurtherutilizedbyThomson,Keats,ShelleyandByron

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III.ElizabethanDrama

●Twoinfluences:

1.ItalianandGreekclassics,2.growingdemandforpopulardrama“Everyman”

●ThefirstComedy,RalphRoisterDoister

●ThefirstEnglishtragedy,Gorboducin1562

●The“UniversityWits”（firstprofessionaldramatists）&ChristopherMarlowe（blankverse,Renaissancehero）

●BenJohnson（comedy,humours体液）

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●Nowlet’swelcomeGuanJingtointroduceBenJohnsontous.

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GlobalTheater

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Thefourhumors（体液）

●

（1）Blood,（air,spring,southwind,hot-moist,Jupiter,bird,sky）

●

（2）Choler（胆汁）（fire,summer,eastwind,hot-dry,Mars,Salamander,sun）

●（3）Melancholia（忧郁症）（earth,autumn,northwind,cold-dry,Saturn,beast,soil）

●（4）Phlegm（粘液）（water,winter,westwind,cold-moist,Moon,fish,sea）

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Fourtemperaments

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ChristopherMarlowe（1564-1593）

●FourTragedies:

●TamburlainetheGreat（PartsI&II）,

●TheJewofMalta,

●EdwardII

●TheTragicalHistoryoftheLifeandDeathofDoctorFaustus—sellingthesoultothedevilsforknowledge（24-yearservicefromMephostophilisthengotohell）

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●Nowlet’swelcomeWangBotointroduceChristopherMarlowetous.

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TypesofPoetry

●

（1） Narrativepoetry

●epic,romance,andballad

●Thestressisonaction

●

（2） Lyricpoetry

●Elegies,odes,sonnets,pastoral,etc.

●Tocombinespeechandsongtoexpressfeelings

●Sonnet:

14iambic-pentametrelineslyric

●Pastoral:

celebratingnature&rurallife

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ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove

byChristopherMarlowe

●Comelivewithme,andbemylove;

●Andwewillallthepleasuresprove（experience,have）

●Thathillsandvalleys,dalesandfields,

●Woods,orsteepymountainsyields（produces）

●Paraphrase:

Comelivewithmeandbemylove.Wewilltryallthepleasureofferedbyvalleys,fields,woodsandmountains…

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●Andwewillsitupontherocks,

●Seeingtheshepherdsfeedtheirflocks

●Byshallowrivers,towhosefalls

●Melodiousbirdssingmadrigals（asongsungbyseveralsingerswithoutanymusicalinstruments,小曲）.

●Paraphrase:

Iwantustositupontherockswithshallowriversfallingunderourfeet,seeingthoseshepherdsfarawayfeedingtheirsheep,andhearingbirdssingbeautifullyaroundus.

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●AndIwillmaketheebedsofroses

Andathousandfragrantposies（asmallbunchofflowers）;

Acapofflowers,andakirtle（gown,petticoat）

Embroidered（decorated）allwithleavesofmyrtle（番樱桃）;

●Paraphrase:

AndIwilluserosestomakebedsdecoratedwithathousandsweet-smellingposiesforyoutolie.Iwillweaveaflowercap,andmakeyoukirtlefringedwithmyrtleleaves.

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●Agown（longdress）madeofthefinestwool

●Whichfromourprettylambswepull;

●Fair-linedslippersforthecold,

●Withbuckles（apieceofmetalattachedtooneendofthebelt）ofthepurestgold;

●Paraphrase:

Wepulloutofthefinestwoolfromourlambstomakeaprettygown.Andapairofhigh-qualitedslipperswillbemadeforyou,tokeepyoufrombeingcold.OntheslippersIwillputbuckles,whichwasmadeofpurestgold.

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●Abeltofstrawandivy-buds,

●Withcoralclaspsandamber-studs:

●Andifthesepleasuresmaytheemove,

●Comelivewithme,andbemylove.

●Paraphrase:

Also,Iwillmakeyouabeltofstrawandivybudswithcoralclaspsandamberstuds.Ifthesepleasuremaytouchyourheart,comelivewithmeandbemylove.

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●Theshepherd-swains（ayoungmanwhoisinlove）shalldanceandsing

●ForthydelighteachMay-morning:

●Ifthesedelightsthymindmaymove,

●Thenlivewithmeandbemylove.

●Paraphrase:

TheyoungshepherdshalldanceandsingineachMaymorningtodelightyou,andifyoumaybetouchedbythesedelights,thenlivewithmeandbemylove.

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●ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove

●passionate,optimisticandlight-heartedtone

●idealized,peaceful,livelyimages

Theme:

theshepherdproposestohisbelovedbyportrayingtheiridealfuturetogether:

alifefilledwithearthlypleasuresinaworldofeternalspring（presenttense,nochange）.

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IV.WilliamShakespeare

（1564-1616）

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●I.Life

●BaptizedApril26,1564atHolyTrinityChurchinStratford

●atage18marriedAnneHathawayin1582

●AttendedtheStratfordGrammarSchoolforchildrenofprominentcitizens

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Stratford-on-Avon

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WilliamShakespeare’sHome

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故居隔壁的“莎士比亚中心”

是一幢现代式的展馆

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StratfordGrammarSchool

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Classroom

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