ListenThisWayBook2Unit9文本及答案.docx

ListenThisWayBook2Unit9文本及答案.docx

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ListenThisWayBook2Unit9文本及答案

Tapescript

ListenThisWay（Book2）

Unit9AboutYourself

PartIGettingready

A.Words&phrases

B.Guessthemeaningofthesephrases.（numbersandbodywords）

Key:

1.A:

Doyouknowhowmanyteethyou’vegot?

B:

Howmanyteeth?

Ooh,ooh.24?

More?

（A:

Yes.）32?

A:

Yes.

2.A:

Doyouknowhowmanybonesthereareinyourbody?

B:

Howmanybones?

I’lltakeaguess.153.

A:

206.

3.A:

Howoftendoesyourheartbeat?

B:

98timesaminute.

A:

No,70timesaminute.

4.Bob:

Doyouknowhowwhatthebossthinksyoushoulddo,Billy?

Billy:

Justyoukeepyourgreatnoseoutofthis,Bob,willyou?

（Meaning:

notinterferein）

5.Anne:

StevenKent,Inever,neverwanttoseeyouinmylifeagain.

Steven:

Ohno.

Marry:

Youreallyhaveputyourfootinit,haven’tyou?

（Meaning:

causeembarrassmentbydoingorsayingsomethingtactless）

6.Kate:

Dave!

Canyougivemeahand,please?

Dave:

What?

Kate:

Isaidcanyougivemeahand.

Dave:

Allright,I’mcoming.Noneedtoshout.

（Meaning:

askforhelp）

7.Max:

Arethereanyjobsinyoucompanythen,foranintelligent,hard-workingyoungmanlikemysonJulian?

Frank:

No,Ihaven’theardofanyatallrecently.

Max:

Well,couldyoukeepyourearsopen,justincase?

（Meaning:

listenwithcare）

8.Carol:

HaveyouheardaboutMaggiethen?

Norma:

Maggie?

MaggieThatcher?

Carol:

No.MaggieBrown.She’sinloveagain.

Norma:

Ohnotagain.Whowiththistime?

Carol:

Withherboss.Headoverheelsinlovewithhim,sheis.

（Meaning:

completely）

9.Nick:

HaveyoueverlentmoneytoMick?

Jill:

Mick?

Huh!

Iwouldn’tlendanyifIwereyou.

Nick:

Whynot?

Doesn’thepayitback?

Jill:

No.Never.He’suptohisneckindebts.

（Meaning:

deeplyinvolvedin）

10.Liz:

She’sagooddoctor.Neverlooksatherwatch.Nevercomplaining.Nothing'stoomuchtroubleforher.

Pat:

Iknow,yeah.Notmanylikeherabout.She’sallheart,really.Allheart.

（Meaning:

withthedeepestdevotion）

PartIIThedigestivesystemanddiarrhea

A.MatchcolumnAwithcolumnB.

ColumnAColumnB

1.gutsymptoms4absorbingdigestedfoodintobloodstream

3contaminatedfood

2.thedigestivesystem5drinkingenough

2alongtubecoilingupintheabdomen

3.causesofdiarrhea4carryingawaywasteproducts

1constipation

4.jobsofthedigestivesystem3infectionbyvirusesorparasites

4breakingdownfood

5.treatmentfordiarrhea4addingenzymes

1diarrhea

Tapescript:

Ourbodyismadeupofthousandsofdifferentparts.Allthesepartsworktogethertokeepusaliveandtohelpusmovearound.Thepartsofthehumanbodyarelikethepartsofaverycomplicatedmachine.Likeanyothermachine,however,ifitisinexpertlycaredfor,over-taxedorinsufficientlyused,itwillbecomerusty,sluggishorcloggedandpartsofitsmechanismmayevengrindtoahalt.Thatiswhyitissoimportanttokeepeverypartofthehumanmachinehealthyandproperlycaredfor.Tokeepingoodrunningorder,thebodyrequirestherawmaterialsforgrowthandthereplacementoftissueswhennecessary.Ourbodiesburnfoodlikefueltoproducetheenergyweneed.

Thehumandigestivesystemisabitlikeaverylongtube,butit'salotmorecomplex.It'sseveralmeterslong,andmostofitiscarefullycoiledupinourabdomen.Ithasseveralimportantjobstodo.

First,itmustdigestorbreakdownourfood.Digestionstartsthemomentfoodentersourmouth.Thenitcontinuesasthefoodissqueezedalongthegutbymusclesinthewalloftheintestine.Asthefoodtravelsthroughthegut,naturalchemicalscalledenzymesareaddedtoit,whichhelpbreakdownthefood.Thenthisdigestedfoodandwatermustbeabsorbedfromthegutintoourbloodstreamsothatitcanbeusedbythebody.Finally,thegutmustcarryawayanywasteproductsintheformoffeces.

Usuallyourintestinedoesallthesethingsveryefficiently.Butsometimesthingscangowrong.Probablythemostcommongutsymptomsarediarrheaandconstipation.

Withdiarrhea,thefoodandwatertravelstooquicklythroughtheintestine,oftenmakingthefeceswatery,andmakingitnecessarytoopenthebowelsmorefrequently.

Therearelotsofcausesofdiarrhea.Probablythecommonestcausesofdiarrheaarecontaminatedfoodorwater,andinfectioncausedbyvirusesorparasites.

Manycasesofdiarrheaclearupwithinafewdayswithoutanyspecialmedicines.Butthebodylosesalotoffluidthroughdiarrhea,sothereisaveryrealriskofthebodydryingoutorbecomingdehydrated.Becauseofthisriskofdehydration,thebesttreatmentfordiarrheaissimplytomakesureyouaredrinkingenough.Avoidingdehydrationinthiswaycanbealifesaver.

B.Completethestatements.

Causesofdiarrhea

·Thereareinfections,andthisisfoodpoisoning,whichiscausedbysortofbacteriaororganism.

·Somefoodsthemselvesmightirritatethegutandtendtogiveyoudiarrhea.

·Somepeoplewhentheygetverynervousadstressedaboutsomethingtendtogetdiarrhea.

·Peoplewhosufferfromtheirritablebowelsyndrometendtogettummypainsanddiarrhea.

Treatmentofdiarrhea

·Mostattacksofdiarrheaarenotseriousandtheyclearupbythemselveswithinoneortwodays.

·Themostimportantthingistodrinklotsoffluid.

·Itisbetternottoeattoomuchandnottoworryaboutthat.

·Ideally,thefluidsyoudrinkshouldcontainalittlebitofsaltandsugar.

·Youcangetspecialrehydratingfluids,whicharespeciallymixed.

·Youcangetyourownfluidsbyaddingjustateaspoonfulofsugarandapinchofsalt.

Tapescript:

Therearelotsofdifferentcausesofdiarrhea.Um,thereareinfectionsthatcanhappen,andthisisfoodpoisoning,ifyoulike,whereinyourfoodyoueatsomesortofbacteriaororganisms,whichinfectyou.Somefoodscanjustirritatethegutandtendtogiveyoudiarrhea,althoughtheyarenotinfected.It'sjustthefooditself（that）mightirritateyoursystem.Somepeople,iftheygetverynervousandstressedaboutsomething,findtheytendtogetdiarrhea.Somethingcalledtheirritablebowelsyndromewheresomethinggoeswrongwiththewaythegutworks.Andpeoplethatsufferfromthistendtoget,um,tummypains,andtheygetsometimesdiarrhea,sometimesconstipation.Allsortsofcauses.

Mostattacksofdiarrhea,um,particularlyinadults,arenotseriousandtheyclearupbythemselveswithinoneortwodays.Themostimportantthingistodrinklotsoffluid,becauseifyouhavegotdiarrhea,you'reobviouslylosingalotoffluid.Andsoit'sbetterreallynottoeattoomuch,nottoworryaboutthat,buttomakesureyoudrinkplentyoffluid.Andideally,thisshouldhavealittlebitofsaltandsugarin.Youcangetspecialrehydratingfluids,whicharespeciallymixed.Butifyouwanttomakeyourownbyaddingjustateaspoonfulofsugarandapinchofsalt,thenit'sobviouslyperfectlyreasonabletodothat.

PartIIIImmunity

A.Studythedefinitionsofthewordsandphrasescarefully.

B.Answerthequestions.

Questions

1.Sincewehavetheimmunesystem,whydowestillneedvaccination?

Becausetherearesomethingswhichwearenotnaturallyimmuneto.

Weneedvaccinationbecause

A:

Therearesomethingswhichwearenotnaturallyimmunetoandthat’swherevaccinationcomesin,isn’t?

B:

Exactly…

2.Howdoesavaccinationwork?

Aversionofanillnessisgiventothebodyandthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Thenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.

B:

…Vaccinationplaysonthebody’sabilitytorememberinfection.Sowhathappensisthatsomeoneisgivenaversionofanillness,forinstance,measlesorpolio,ortuberculosis,andthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Andthenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.Allthetroopsofitsimmunesystemcancomeintoplay.

3.Canweproducevaccinesfromanydisease?

Giveanexample.

No.Wecan’tproduceavaccineforAIDSforinstance.

A:

We’reabletoassistthebodyinitstightagainsttheillnessinmanycases,buttherearesomediseaseswhichwedon’tseemtoproduceavaccinefor.AIDSisoneofthem.Whynot?

4.WhyisitsodifficulttoattackAIDS?

BecausetheHIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackthehumanimmunesystem.Andthevirusitselfcanchangeveryeasily.It’sdifficulttofindavaccine,whichcanrecognizealltypeofHIV.

B:

TheproblemisAIDS,whichiscausedbytheHIVvirus,attacksthehumanimmunesystem,whichmeansthatournormaldefensesaren’ttheretofightoffthatinfection.TheotherproblemwithtryingtoproduceavaccineagainstHIVorAIDSisthatvirus,HIV,canchangesoeasily.That’sverydifficulttofindavaccinewhichcanrecognizeallthedifferenttypesofHIV.Soonevaccinemaybeeffectiveagainstonetypeofthevirusbutitmayabsolutelybenogoodforanothertype.

Tapescript:

Thehumanbodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections.Andtheonlyreasonwedon'tsufferfromconstantillnessisourbodieshavetheirowndefensemechanismtofightoffdisease.Thisresistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.

A:

Howdoesimmunitywork?

B:

Well,theimmunesystemisthebody'sownsecretarmy,whichfightsinfection.Anditconsistsofawholerangeoftroops,soldiers,theircellsandtheirmolecules.Nowtheheadquartersofthisarmyisreallytheblood.That'swhereitdoesmostofitsfighting.Andsometimesitneedssomereserve,andthatcomesfromthebonemarrow.That'swheretheimmunecellsaremade.

A:

Sotherearemanydifferentkindsofcells,differentkindsofmoleculesintheimmunesystem.Iguessedtheonesthatwe'reprobablymorefamiliarwitharewhitebl