大学英语四级模拟题十一及答案.docx
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大学英语四级模拟题十一及答案
2014年大学英语四级模拟题十一及答案
PartⅡReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfol
lowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe
correspondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
AmericanIndiansplayedacentralroleinthewarknownastheAmericanRevolution.Tothem,however,thedisputebetweenthecolonistsandEnglandwasperipheral.ForAmericanIndianstheconflictwasawarforAmericanIndianindependence,andwhicheversidetheychose,theylostit.MaryBrantwasapowerfulinfluenceamongtheIroquois.ShewasaMohawk,theleaderofthesocietyofallIroquoismatrons,andthewidowofSirWilliamJohnson,SuperintendentofIndianAffairs.Herbrother,JosephBrant,isthebestknownAmericanIndianwarrioroftheRevolution,yetshemayhaveexertedevenmoreinfluenceintheconfederacythanhedid.SheusedherinfluencetokeepthewesterntribesofIroquoisloyaltotheEnglishking,GeorgeⅢ.Whenthecolonistswonthewar,sheandhertribehadtoabandontheirlandsandretreattoCanada.Ontheotherside,NancyWardheldpositionsofauthorityintheCherokeenation.ShehadfoughtasawarriorinthewaragainsttheCreeksandasarewardforherheroismwasmade“BelovedWoman”ofthetribe.Thisofficemadeherchiefofthewomen’scouncilandamemberofthecouncilofchiefs.ShewasfriendlywiththewhitesettlersandsupportedthePatriotsduringtheRevolution.YettheCherokeestoolosttheirland.
21.Whatisthemainpointtheauthormakesinthepassage?
A.SidingwiththeEnglishintheRevolutionhelpedAmericanIndiansregaintheirland.
B.AtthetimeoftheRevolutiontheSuperintendentofIndianAffairshadlittlepower.
C.RegardlessofwhomtheysupportedintheRevolution,AmericanIndianslosttheirland.
D.TheoutcomeoftheRevolutionwaslargelydeterminedbyAmericanIndian
women.
22.Theword“it”inline5refersto____.
A.sideB.revolution
C.disputeD.independence
23.HowdidWardgainherpositionofauthority?
A.Bybraveryinbattle.
B.Bymarriagetoachief.
C.Byjoiningtheconfederacy.
D.Bybeingbornintoapowerfulfamily.
24.TowhichtribedidNancyWardbelong?
A.Mohawk.B.Iroquois.C.Cherokee.D.Creek.
25.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidMaryBrantandNancyWardhadincommon?
A.Eachwascalled“BelovedWoman”byhertribe.
B.Eachinfluencedhertribe’sroleintheAmericanRevolution.
C.EachlostabrotherintheAmericanRevolution.
D.EachwenttoEnglandaftertheAmericanRevolution.
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.
IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransformedherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.
26.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?
A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.
B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.
C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.
D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson’stime.
27.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?
A.Refusingtoeat.B.Wearingonlywhite.
C.Avoidingvisitors.D.Stayinginherroom.
28.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally____.
A.criticizedmostofherpoems
B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility
C.seenherlifeinromanticterms
D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities
29.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson’sseclusionto____.
A.physicalillnessB.afailedloveaffair
C.religiousfervorD.herdislikeofpeople
30.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby____.
A.strongPuritanbeliefs
B.equalityofmenandwomen
C.theencouragementofnonconformity
D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Therailroadindustrycouldnothavegrownaslargeasitdidwithoutsteel.Thefirstrailsweremadeofiron.Butironrailswerenotstrongenoughtosupportheavytrainsrunningathighspeeds.Railroadexecutiveswantedtoreplacethemwithsteelrailsbecausesteelwastenorfifteentimesstrongerandlastedtwentytimeslonger.Beforethe1870’s,however,steelwastooexpensivetobewidelyused.Itwasmadebyaslowandexpensiveprocessofheating,stirringandreheatingironore.
ThentheinventorHenryBessemerdiscoveredthatdirectingablastofairatmeltedironinafurnacewouldburnouttheimpuritiesthatmadetheironbrittle.Astheairshotthroughthefurnace,thebubblingmetalwoulderuptinshowersofsparks.Whenthefirecooled,themetalhadbeenchanged,orconvertedtosteel.TheBessemerconvertermadepossiblethemassproductionofsteel.Nowthreetofivetonsofironcouldbechangedintosteelinamatterofminutes.
Justwhenthedemandformoreandmoresteeldeveloped,prospectorsdiscoveredhugenewdepositsofironoreintheMesabiRange,a120longregioninMinnesotanearLakeSuperior.TheMesabidepositsweresonearthesurfacethattheycouldbeminedwithsteamshovels.
BargesandsteamerscarriedtheironorethroughLakeSuperiortodepotsonthesouthernshoresofLakeMichiganandLakeErie.WithdizzyingspeedGary,Indiana,andToledo,Youngstown,andCleveland,Ohio,becamemajorsteelmanufacturingcenters.Pittsburghwasthegreateststeelcityofall.
Steelwasthebasicbuildingmaterialoftheindustrialage.Productionskyrocketedfromseventyseventhousandtonsin1870tooverelevenmilliontonsin1900.
31.Accordingtothepassage,therailroadindustrypreferredsteeltoironbecausesteelwas____.
A.cheaperandmoreplentiful
B.lighterandeasiertomold
C.cleanerandeasiertomine
D.strongerandmoredurable
32.Accordingtothepassage,howdidBessemermethodmakethemassproductionofsteelpossible?
A.Itdirectedairatmeltedironinafurnace,removingallimpurities.
B.Itslowlyheatedironorethenstirreditandheateditagain.
C.Itchangedironoreintoironwhichwasasubstituteforsteel.
D.Itcouldquicklyfinddepositsofironoreundertheground.
33.Accordingtothepassage,wherewerelargedepositsofironuncovered?
A.InPittsburgh.B.IntheMesabiRange.
C.NearLakeMichigan.D.NearLakeErie.
34.Thewords“Bargesandsteamers”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?
A.Trains.B.Planes.C.Boats.D.Trucks.
35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemassproductionofsteelcaused____.
A.adeclineintherailroadindustry
B.arevolutionintheindustrialworld
C.anincreaseinthepriceofsteel
D.afeelingofdiscontentamongsteelworkers
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.
Descripitivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgrandlevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensiblefromthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.
Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.This
generalclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionusingasampleof