7A文高中英语作文写作议论文专题.docx
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7A文高中英语作文写作议论文专题
高中作文写作:
议论文(专题二)
基本类型:
记叙文----写事记叙文、写人的记叙文
议论文----对比观点议论文、说明利弊议论文
说明文----事理类说明文、事物类说明文
应用文----书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告
议论文
(一)定义:
议论文又叫说理文,是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。
作者通过
摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,以确定其观点正确或错误,树立或否定某种主张。
三要素
论点,论据和论证是议论文的三要素,论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张;论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据;论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。
一般来说,议论文每段应有主题句(topicsentence)来确定论点。
文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或建议,表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。
论证有立论和驳论两种,作者证明自己的论点正确,是立论;反之,证明别人的论点错误,是驳论。
议论文的注意事项
1.论点要鲜明,不可含糊其辞;论据要充分,要能充分证明观点的命题性,论据过程要条理清晰。
2.文章安排逻辑性要强,推理要严密。
3.重在说理,以理服人。
4.主要使用现在时态。
5.中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文,是一种限定性的写作,其论点、论据和论证都比较明确,有的文章提出问题,如:
……为什么?
/……怎么办?
/……该采取什么措施?
考生可以结合题目要求阐述相关的观点,切忌随意发挥。
★议论文模板
一、正反观点式议论文模板
导入:
第1段:
Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould…(导入话题)
Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.(观点有分歧)
正文:
第2段:
Mostofthestudentsareinfavorofit.(正方观点)
Herearethereasons.First…Second…Finally…(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段:
However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.(反方观点)
Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace…What’smore…Inaddition…(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论:
第4段:
Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoregoodthanharm,soIsupportit(个人观点)
二、“A”或者“B”类议论文模板:
导入:
第1段
SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.
正文:
第2段
TherearemanyreasonswhyIpreferA.Themainreasonisthat…Anotherreasonisthat…(赞同A的原因)
第3段:
Allthesefactorsareconsidered,AismuchbetterthanB.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.…(得出结论)
三、观点论述类议论文模板:
导入:
第1段:
提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavorofthedecision.(亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对)
Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.(过渡句,承上启下)
正文:
第2段:
Firstofall…Secondly…Besides…(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论:
第3段:
Inconclusion,Ibelievethat…(照应第1段,构成“总—分—总”结构)
四、连贯地连接信息
(1)常用的过渡词(组)
1.表示并列what’smore,inaddition,too,aswell,besides,furthermore,moreover,what’sworse.
2.表示因果therefore,forthisreason,thus,consequently.
3.表示转折but,however,onthecontrary,instead,ononehand…ontheotherhand
4.表示时间顺序later,afterwards,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,atthesametime,afterawhile,atpresent,afterthat,finally
5.表示列举first,tobeginwith,secondly,firstofall,then,next,finally
6.举例说明suchas,forexample,forinstance,take…forexample
7.表示让步nevertheless,still
8.表示对比onthecontrary,incontrast,similarly
9.陈述事实infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth
10.表示总结inaword,inshort,tosumup,inconclusion,onthewhole,toconclude,inbrief,insummary,ingeneral,allinall
11.表示意义重复that’stosay,inotherwords,toputitinanotherway,toputitdifferently
12.表示强调aboveall,moreimportantly,indeed,withoutanydoubt
(2)常用的过渡句式有:
1.Idoagreewith…2.Insomeway,Iagreewith…,but…
3.Thispointsoundsright,but…4.However,Ithink…
5.Idefinitelybelieve…6.Inmyopinion/view,…
7.Personally,Ifeelthat…/Personally,Iagreewith…
8.AsfarasI’mconcerned,…
9.Ican’tagreemorewiththefather.Suchcasesareoftenseeninourlife
10.Attitudestowards…arevarious.11.foronething.…..foranother
12.lastbutnottheleast….
(3)表达观点
认为
Think/feel/consider/say/holdthat/holdtheviewthat/insist/believethat
依我看
Inmyopinion/inmyview/inmyeyes/asfarasIamconcerned
就我所知
AsfarasIknow
我有理由如下
Myreasonsareasfollows
我的观点如下
Herearemyopinions
赞成/支持
Agree/befor/beinfavorof
恐怕
I’mafraidthat…
我相信
I’mconvincedthat…
我反对
Idon’tagreewiththeideathat…
(4)引用俗话说/常言道
Theregoestheoldsaying…Asthesayinggoes…Thereisasaying…
Asaproverbsays…Asweallknow…
(5)常用句子
1.Differentpeople(students)havedifferentideas.
2.Differentpeoplelookat…indifferentways.
3.60%ofthestudentsholdtheviewthat…
Ontheotherhand,40%believethat…
4.Opinionsonthequestionaredividedasfollows:
70%ofthestudentsthinkthat…..
Ontheotherhand,30%don’tliketheideaof….
5.I’dlovetogivemyopinionabout…..
6.Therearemanyadvantagesin…First….Second,…Third…
However,therearesomedisadvantagesaswell…….Besides,
议论文通常由立论、论证和结论三部分组成,120词左右的议论文无需大量旁征博引,但要观点明确,逻辑严密,语言简练,以理服人。
同学们在写议论文时不妨采用下面的方法来试一试。
一、结构上采用三或四段式,显得简明晰。
首段先写主题,然后第二部分写正方或支持方及反方或反对方的观点,尾段写自己的看法或意见,段落一定要清晰。
二、套话先行。
套话先行可以起到先声夺人的效果。
这既能迅速博得阅卷老师的好感,又能避免过早出现无谓的错误。
1、首段通常为
1)Manynations/collegestudentshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof……
2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.
3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.
4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong……
5)Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover……
6)Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat……beensopopular.
7)Facedwith……,quiteafewpeoplearguethat……
8)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,……
9)Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy/society……,
10)Recentlyweheld(havehold)adiscussionwhether….
11)Whenitcomesto…,(当说到…)
2.、第二段首句通常可以这样写:
Asisknowntoall…play(s)animportantpart/roleinourdailylife/modernsociety.However,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions(背熟此句,想错都难)...
Somepeople/Themajorityofthestudentsthinkit(is)agoodidea/important/useful/convenientforsomebody(根据题意改人称)todo….
Othersargue/claimthattheopposite/reverseistrue…
列举观点
或Obviously…..hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.…../However,justaseverycoinhastwosides,…hasit’sdisadvantages.
如果是两个论据,可以采用下列模式:
ononehand+1…+ontheotherhand2.
或…isonething..isanother…
如果是三个以上的论据,则可以简单采用以下模式:
Firstly,/tobeginwith…+Secondly/furthermore,…Finally/lastbutnottheleast,…
注意:
表明各方观点时常用一般现在时态。
3.结论陈述自己观点
Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,but…
AsfarasI’mconcerned/Personally/Asforme/inmyopinion/Personallyspeaking(尽量避免使用Ithink).
总结全文时常用到inone/aword,generallyspeaking,toconclude。
若提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat……
2)Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop……
3).Weshouldtakemeasuresto…
4).We’dbettertakeeffectivemeasurestoprevent…
5).Thegovernmentdecidedtotakestrongmeasuresagainst…
6).Urgentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprevent….
7)Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento……
8)Inconclusion,itisimperativethat……
9)Thereisnoeasymethod,but……mightbeofsomehelp.
10)Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust……
11)Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblems
willcropup.
12)Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.
13)Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto……
14)Takingalltheseintoaccount,we……
15)Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear……
问题解决型作文模板
问题解决型模板一
问题解决型模板二
问题解决型模板三
TOPIC
①Withthe___of___,_____.
②Soitisofgreatimportancefor
usto____.
③Ononehand,_____.
④Ontheotherhand,_______.
TOPIC
①Therehasbeenadiscussion
recentlyabout________.
②Itistruetothepresentsituation
that______.
③But_______.
TOPIC
①Nowadays,thereisagrowing
concernon________.
②Itiscertainthat_____.
③However,________
⑤However,wehavefiguredout
manywaysto_______.
⑥Firstly,_____.
⑦Solongas_________.
⑧Secondly,________
⑨Thirdly,_____.
④Asisknowntoall,therearemany
ways__________.
⑤Firstofall,________.
⑥Furthermore,________.
⑦Lastbutnotleast,_________
④Itwillcausemanyseriousresultsif________.
⑤Firstly,_______.
⑥Secondly,________
⑦Finally,_________.
⑩Infact,________.
11.Thatisbecause______.
12.Inaword,________.
⑧Soitishightimeforusto_____.
⑨Thatisbecause_______.
⑩Secondly,_____.
11.Thirdly,_________.
12.Inconclusion,_________
⑧Inspiteofallthese,therearestillmanyways_________.
⑨Firstofall,_______.
⑩Inaddition,_________.
11.Thirdly,_______.
12.Onlyinthisway,_________.
[写作模板]问题解决型-----对某一问题/话题进行分析,找出解决办法,表达自己的看法.
第一段:
Nowadays,wehavetofaceaproblemthat…(问题)
/Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareconcernedabouttheproblem…(问题)
/Itisimportantforusto…(问题).
Forinstance_____________________(例一)
First,_________________________(原因一).
Moreover,_____________________(例二)
Second,_______________________(原因二)
第二段:
Peoplehavefiguredoutmanywaystosolvetheproblem.
/Confrontedwith…(问题)weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.
Firstly,________________________(解决方法一)
Secondly,______________________(解决方法二)
第三段:
1)Personally,Ibelievethat_______________(我的方法)
/Tome,Iamtakingtwowaystosolvetheproblemof…(问题)
Oneofthemis________________________(我的方法)
Theotherwayis_______________________(方法二)
Bynowwayshavebeenworkingperfectlyandefficient1y…(结果)
2)Inconclusion/Inaword/Tosumup/Insummary/Obviously/It’sclearthat…/It’snodoubtthat….
现象解释型作文模板
现象解释型模板一
现象解释型模板二
现象解释型模板三
TOPIC
①Recently,_____________.
②Whatamazesusmostis_____.
③Itistruethat___________.
TOPIC
①Asisknowntoall,_________.
②___seemtogetaccustomed
to_____.
③Infact,__________.
TOPIC
①Nowadays,_________.
②Foronething,_____.
③Foranother,_____________
④Itisobviousthat________.
④Therearemanyreasons
explaining____.
⑤Themainreasonis________.
⑥Whatismore,____________.
⑦Thirdly,______________.
⑧Asaresult,_____________.
④Thereasonsof_______liein
severalaspects.
⑤Firstly,______.
⑥Secondly,_________.
⑦Thirdly,________.
⑧Finally,_________
⑤Manyremarkablefactors
contributeto__________
⑥Firstofall,_______.
⑦Inaddition,_________.
⑧Finally,_________.
⑨Consideringallthese,___.
⑩Foronething,_________.
11.Foranother,_____________.
12.Inconclusion,___________.
⑨Asamatteroffact,_______.
⑩Ontheonehand,_____.
11.Ontheotherhand,______.
12.Therefore,__________.
⑨Astome,________
⑩Asweknow,_________.
11.Besides,_________
12.Inaword,___________.
现象解释型叙事类模板
现象解释型图表类模板一
现象解释型图表类模板二
TOPIC
①Itsohappenedthat_____.
②Justatthemoment,_____.
③Itimpressedmemost
because____.
TOPIC
①Asisclearlyshowninthe
chart/table/figure/graph,______.
②Especially_______.
③Therearethreereasonsfor_______.
TOPIC
①Thetable/graph/figure/chart
showsthat___________.
②Itisself-evidentthat_____.
③Threepossiblereasons
contributeto_________.
④Whathappenedwas_______.
⑤Atfirst,_______.
⑥Almostatthesametime,
_______.
⑦What’smore,________.
⑧Asaresult,_________.
④Tobeginwith,_______.
⑤Inaddition,________.
⑥Forexample,_________.
⑦Lastbutnotleast,_________
⑧Inshort,__________.
④Onereasonisthat____.
⑤Anotherreasonisthat_______.
⑥Forinstance,__________.
⑦What’smore,_________.
⑧Asaresult,_________.
⑨AsIunderstand,________.
⑩Ontheonehand,_______.
11.Ontheotherhand,______.
12.Therefore,__