精选名词性从句的用法之宾语从句.docx
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精选名词性从句的用法之宾语从句
名词性从句
从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。
名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句及同位语从句,因为从句的在这个句子中的功用相当于名词;
定语从句有称为形容词性从句,因为从句功能相当于形容词;
而状语从句则称为副词性从句,因为从句功能相当于副词。
什么是名词性从句?
在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。
宾语从句(TheObjectClause)
表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)
主语从句(TheSubjectClause)
同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)
宾语从句
一、关联词:
关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”,是宾语从句的重要组成部分。
连词:
1.连接代词(that,who,whom,what,which)
2.连接副词(when,where,why,how)
3.从属连词(if,whether)由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句,用if或whether引导.
在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则,结合上下文选用恰当的连词。
如:
1.Idon’tknowwhowillbeourheadteachernextsemester.缺指人的主语用who,如缺指物的主语则用what。
2.Idoubtwhatmye-palwillwritesoon.缺指物的宾语用what,如缺指人的宾语则用whom。
3.Ithinkthatmydeskmatewillgetthroughallthemajorsubjects.句子不缺成分,用that;如果that后跟有代词,可省略that。
4.Sheletmeknowwhenthemeetingwouldbeheld.缺时间状语,用when;缺地点状语,用where;缺原因状语,用why;缺方式状语,用how。
5.Idon’tknowwhich/whattopicIshouldchoose.缺定语,用what或which。
6.Theteacheraskedwhether/ifIwasgettingreadyforthecomingtest.表示“是否(有,能,已经……)”等含义,用whether或if。
7.I’dbeinterestedtoknowwhetherhewillseethemovie“Dawn”ornot.强调是否对比时,用连词whether。
1)选择题
例1Acomputercanonlydo_____youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
例2Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
例3Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor________hethoughtwasnotenough.
A.whereB.howC.whatD.which
例4Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.
A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
例5Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.
A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while
2)用合适的连接词填空
1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)
2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
(who,whom)
3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)
4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(how,who)
5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)
二、语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主
句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
例6Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
例7Thebosswentuptoask_____.
A.whatthematterwasB.what’sthematter
C.whatwasthematterD.whatthematteris
三、种类
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:
Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.
(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:
1)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.
2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.
(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如:
Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.
2.作介词的宾语
例如:
Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.
3.作形容词的宾语
例如:
Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.
that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。
也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。
**4.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
例如:
Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(right)
Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(wrong)
**5.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。
例如:
Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(right)
Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(wrong)
四、宾语从句的时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:
1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。
如:
Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他将何时回来。
Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
如:
Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas.孩子们不知道他是谁。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
如:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
例8Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnfourfifthsofthetickets________.
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked
C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked
例9Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleave
C.hadleftD.hadbeenaway
例10—Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?
—No,butsometimesIwishI_________.
A.havetimeB.hadtimetodo
C.havetimetoD.hadtimeto
练习
1.Couldyoutellmeifit_____tomorrow?
A.rainsB.israining
C.willrainD.rain
2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_____
intheeast.
A.riseB.rises
C.roseD.risen
3.Peterknew_______.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayear
D.whentheywillleaveforParis
4.Couldyoutellme______?
A.whereisthenearestrailwaystation
B.wherethenearestrailwaystationwas
C.wherethenearestrailwaystationis
D.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation
5.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrives
B.finds/willarrive
C.willfind/willarrive
D.willfind/arrives
五、宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
例11I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.
A.expectedB.toexpect
C.tobeexpectingD.expects
例12ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith
C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
例13Themotherdidn’tknow_____toblameforthebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshewasout.
A.whoB.whenC.howD.what
六、宾语从句的特殊式
1.复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。
如:
Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterest.(whoever=anyonewho/anypersonwho)
ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddowhateverIcantosavethem.(whatever=anythingthat)
Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.whatever在此处是泛指,不可被what替代。
而“Ican’trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.”中的who表特定的某人,不可以改成whoever。
2.it作形式宾语,从句作真正宾语。
(1)动词+it+important/necessary/natural/etc.+thatclause。
thatclause中谓语动词前可加should,亦可省略。
如:
Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.
(2)动词+it+as+名词/形容词+clause。
如:
Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.
(3)动词+it+介词+thatclause。
常见的有:
oweittosb.+thatclause(把……归功于某人),
leaveittosb.+thatclause(把……留给某人去做),
takeitforgranted+thatclause(想当然),
keepitinmind+thatclause(记住……)。
如:
Ijusttookitforgrantedthathe’dalwaysbearound.
(4)动词+it+clause。
如:
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
英语中少数介词很活跃,能带从句作其宾语。
如:
Igotoseeafilmexceptwhenitrains.
3.含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
1)当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。
如:
Briantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,didn’the?
2)当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect/suspect/feel等时,疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系,此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。
如:
Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?
4.两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时,第一个连词that可以省略,但第二个及以后的不可省。
如:
Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.
例14Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept________helphecanget.
A.whicheverB.however
C.whateverD.whenever
例15_____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
例16I’dappreciate_______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.you
例17—Idon’tthinkyoucouldhavebeenusedtothequickpaceoflifewhilestudyingintheUSA,______you?
—______.Ithoughtofreturningtoourcountryatonetime.
A.had;YesB.do;YesC.have;NoD.were;No
例18Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_______hewasamanofaction.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
5.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:
Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.
Idon’tthinkhewilllietome.
我认为他不会对我撒谎的.
Idon’tthinkweshouldlendhimmoney.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他.
Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()
Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.(√)
宾语从句练习题
类型一:
引导词的运用
(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.
A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathome
C.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome
(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.
A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that
(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.
A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that
(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
(5)--Becareful!
Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?
David?
--Yes,Mum
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if
(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?
---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.
A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where
(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.
A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchoose
C.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose
类型二:
宾语从句的语序
(1)Didyoufindout______?
A.shewaslookingforwhosechild
B.whosechildwasshelookingfor
C.whosechildsheislookingfor
D.whosechildshewaslookingfor
(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?
A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithow
C.howhediditD.hehowdidit
(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?
A.howthetwoplayersareold
B.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowold
D.howoldthetwoplayersare
(4)--Whatdidthescientistsay?
--He