学年高中英语每日一题第07周每周一测试题新人教版选修6.docx

学年高中英语每日一题第07周每周一测试题新人教版选修6.docx

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学年高中英语每日一题第07周每周一测试题新人教版选修6

每周一测

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

AsArtificialIntelligence（AI）becomesincreasinglycomplicated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.

Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.

Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.

Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.

Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.

Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.

Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.

Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.

Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声）,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.

Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethical（种族的）rules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?

A.Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers.

B.Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.

C.Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.

D.Ithasbecomeaninevitable（不可避免的）dangerastechnologygetsmorecomplicated.

2.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?

A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.

B.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.

C.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.

D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.

3.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?

A.Keepadistancefrompossibledangers.

B.Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.

C.Setoffitsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.

D.Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.

4.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?

A.Determinewhatismoralandethical.

B.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.

C.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.

D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.

B

Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?

Youknowthestandardexplanations:

keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（长寿）?

Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?

AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.

Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic（神经质的）thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympathetic（同情的）andcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:

thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.

Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.

Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.

Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.

Personalityisn’tdestiny（命运）,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn’tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.

5.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis____.

A.toseewhetherpeople’spersonalityaffectstheirlifespan

B.tofindoutifone’slifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealth

C.toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglife

D.toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity

6.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople?

A.Theyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.

B.Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.

C.Theygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.

D.Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.

7.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?

A.Children’spersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariably（总是）determinedbytheirmothers.

B.Peoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesooner.

C.Mothers’influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathers’.

D.Mothers’negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren’slifespans.

8.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies?

A.Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone’slifespan.

B.Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.

C.Personalityplaysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.

D.Healthisinlargepartrelatedtoone’slifestyle.

Ⅱ.完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

WhenIwasveryyoung,weusedtoliveinFlorida.It’saplaceIwillnever 　1　.Thesewerethehappiestdaysofmylife,andIloveddrivingdownoneofFlorida’shighwaystofeelthe 　2　whistlethroughmyhair.Oneday,wewentdownahighway,but 　3　nobodyelseappearedtobethere.Well,maybenotanyhumans, 　4　ananimalwasthere.Itwaslayinginthecenterofthe 　5　,bloodred,andseemedtobe 　6　:

itwashitbyacar.

Quicklymymother 　7　itintotheparkingspace（thishighwayhadthose）whileI 　8　inourcar."Mygoodness,"Iheardhersay."It’saturtle（龟）,andit’s 　9　alive!

"Wehadanemptybininthe 　10　,andsomewaterandblanketsfromthesupermarket,somymother 　11　thebinwithwater,pickedtheturtleup,andputitinthewater,thenputthe 　12　overit.WedroveithomeandI,eyeswide,watchedthebloodyturtle 　13　inthebin.Itwasalive,butitsshellwas 　14　.Wefedhimwithvegetablesandkepthiminacoolarea.

Mymom,averytalentedladywithclay,madeanartificial 　15　forhim,andweturnedhimoverandshewrote,"Befree,andlivea 　16　life."Wehealedhimup,anddrovetothenearest 　17　,wherelotsofannoyingbugswereliving.Togetherwe 　18　himintothewaterandheswamawayquickly. 　19　hedidso,Icouldhaveswornhe 　20　atus.

1.A.returnB.forgetC.rememberD.miss

2.A.rainB.sunlightC.snowD.wind

3.A.strangelyB.nervouslyC.exactlyD.carefully

4.A.orB.butC.forD.so

5.A.streetB.groundC.roadD.surface

6.A.deadB.aliveC.fineD.awake

7.A.caughtB.heldC.knockedD.pulled

8.A.hidB.stayedC.droveD.feared

9.A.everB.yetC.stillD.even

10.A.backB.homeC.centerD.front

11.A.washedB.cleanedC.coveredD.filled

12.A.blanketB.paperC.binD.water

13.A.playingB.sleepingC.floatingD.struggling

14.A.squeezedoutB.upsidedownC.takenapartD.tornoff

15.A.boxB.shellC.topD.toy

16.A.difficultB.realC.wonderfulD.successful

17.A.lakeB.forestC.mountainD.field

18.A.threwB.forcedC.placedD.led

19.A.SinceB.AsC.IfD.Although

20.A.shoutedB.staredC.pointedD.smiled

Ⅲ.七选五型阅读理解

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Mostofusleadabusylife.　1　Wethink,“IfIreachedmygoal,thenIwouldbehappy”,or“IfIcouldgetabetterjob,thenIwouldenjoylife.”Butwhynotenjoyliferightnow?

Firstly,taketimetonoticeandappreciatethebeautyinyourownsurroundings.　2　“Thereisagreatbigworldofwonderandbeautyaroundus!

”AndasBrodersenexplains,“Lookforthebeautyofthesunriseandofafriend’ssmilethatbrightensyourday.Openyoureyestoseethebeautyyoumightnotnormallysee.Doingsohelpstocheeryouup.”

Secondly,takingtimetoexperiencesomesimplepleasuresalsocanbringjoytoyourheartandeaseyourstress.Takemeforexample.　3　Oneuniversalsimplepleasureisfindingthingsthatmakeyoulaugh.Maketimetolaugheveryday.

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