人教英语选修六课文原文docx.docx

人教英语选修六课文原文docx.docx

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人教英语选修六课文原文docx

Unit1ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING

Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,it

wouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.Consequently,thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones.Startingfromthesixthcentury

AD.

TheMiddleAges（5thtothe15thcenturyAD）

DuringtheMiddleAges,themainaimofpainterswastorepresentreligious

themes.Aconventionalartistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnature

andpeople

astheyreally

were.

Atypical

picture

atthis

timewasfull

of

religious

symbols,whichcreatedafeelingofrespectandloveforGod.Butitwasevident

thatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondone

begantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.

TheRenaissance（15thto16thcentury）

DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldin

theMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadopta

morehumanistic

attitude

to

the

sametimepainters

returned

toclassical

Romanand

Greekideasaboutart.Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.

Richpeoplewantedtopossesstheirownpaintings,sotheycouledecoratetheir

superbpalacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesof

themselves,

their

houses

andpossessions

as

well

as

their

activities

and

achievements.

Oneof

the

mostimportant

discoveries

during

this

period

washowtodrawthings

inperspective.

This

technique

wasfirst

usedbyMasaccio

in

1428.Whenpeople

first

sawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeina

wallatarealscene.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noone

wouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.Bycoincidence,oilpaints

werealsodevelopedatthis

time,

whichmadethe

colours

usedinpaintings

look

richer

anddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeableto

seethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.

Impressionism（late19htoearly20thcentury）

Inthe

late

19th

century,

Europechangedagreat

deal,from

amostly

agricultural

societytoamostlyindustrialone.Manypeoplemovedfromthecountrysidetothe

newcities.

Thereweremanynewinventions

andsocial

changesalsoled

to

newpainting

styles.Amongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpainting

weretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkeinParis.

TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoors.Theywereeager

toshowhowlightandshadowfellonobjectsatdifferenttimesofday.However,

becausenatural

light

changessoquickly,

the

Impressionists

hadto

paint

quickly.

Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailedasthoseofearlierpainters.Atfirst,manypeopledislikedthisstyleofpaintingandbecameveryangryaboutit.Theysaidthatthepainterswerecarelessandtheirpaintingswereridiculous.

ModernArt（29thcenturytotoday）

At

the

time

they

werecreated,

the

Impressionist

paintings

were

controversial,

buttodaytheyareaccepetedasthebeginningofwhatwecall"modernart".This

isbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartiststolookattheirenvironmentin

newways.Therearescoresof

modernart

styles,but

without

the

Impressionists,

many

ofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexsist.Ontheonehand,somemodernartis

abstract;

that

is,

the

painter

doesnot

attempt

topaint

objects

as

weseethemwith

our

eyes,

but

instead

concentrates

ncertain

qualities

of

the

object,

using

colour,

lineandshapetorepresentthem.Ontheotherhand,somepaintingsofmodernart

aresorealisticthattheylooklikephotographs.Thesestylesaresodifferent.

Whocanpredictwhatpaintingstylestherewillbeinthefuture

TheBestofManhattan

’sGalleries

TheFrickCollection（5

th

Avenueand

Street）

Manyart

lovers

wouldrather

visit

this

small

art

gallery

than

anyother

in

NewYork.

Henry

Clay

Frick,

arich

NewYorker,

diedin

1919,leaving

his

house,

furniture

and

artcollectiontotheAmericanpeople.Frickhadapreferenceforpre-twentieth

century

Western

paintings,

and

these

are

well-represented

in

this

excellent

collection.

Youcanalso

explore

Frick

’sbeautiful

homeandgarden

which

arewell

worthavisit.

GuggenheimMuseum（5th

Avenueand88

thStreet）

Thismuseumowns5,000modernpaintings,sculpturesanddrawings.Theseartworks

arenot

alldisplayed

atthesameexhibitionisalways

changing.Itwillapeal

to

those

wholove

Impressionist

andPost-ImpressionistGuggenheim

Museumbuilding

is

alsoworld-famous.Whenyouwalkintothegallery,youfellasifyouwereinside

afragile,whiteseashell.Thebestwaytoseethepaintingsistostartfromthe

topfloorandwalkdowntothebottom.Therearenostairs,justacircularpath.

Themuseumalsohasanexcellentreaturant.

MetropolitanMuseumofArt（5

th

Avenueand82ndStreet）

Thereputation

of

this

museumlies

inthe

variety

if

its

art

collection.

This

covers

morethan

5,000

years

ofcivilization

frommanyparts

if

the

world,

including

America,

Europe,

China,

Egypt,

other

African

countries

andSouthmuseun

diaplays

morethan

just

the

visual

delights

ofintroduces

youtoancient

waysof

living.

Youcanvisit

anEgyptian

temple,

afragrant

Minggarden,

atypical

roomin

an18th

century

French

houseandotherspecialexhibitions.

MuseumofModernArt（53

rdStreet,btween5

th

and6th

Avenues）

Itis

amazing

that

somanygreat

worksof

from

the

late

th

century

to

the

st

century

19

21

arehousedinthe

samemuseum.ThecollectionofWesternart

includes

paintingsby

such

famous

artists

as

Monet,

Van

Gogh,

Picasso

and

Matisse.

Afew

words

of

warning:

theadmissionpriceisnotcheapanthemeseumisoftenverycrowded.

WhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt（945MadisonAvenue,near75

thStreet）

TheWhitneyholdsanexcellentcolectionofcomtemporarypaintingandsclpture.

There

arenopermanent

displays

in

this

museumandexhibitions

changeall

thetime.

Every

twoyears,

the

Whitney

holds

aspecial

exhibition

of

newart

byliving

artists.

Themuseumalsoshowsvideosandfilmsbycomtemporaryvideoartists.

Unit2AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMS

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryor

describesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.Others

trytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpress

themselves.Inthistext,however,wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.

SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglishisnurseryrhymes.These

rhymesliketheoneontheright（A）arestillacommontypeofchildren'spoetry.

Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative,andtheydelightsmallchildrenbecause

theyrhyme,havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition.Thepoemsmaynotmakesense

andevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwith

thewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.

AHush,littlebaby,don'tsayaword,

Papa'sgoingtobuyyouamockingbird.

Ifthatmockingbirdwon'tsing,

Papa'sgoingtobuyyouadiamondring.

Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,

Papa'sgoingtobuyyoualooking-glass.

Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,

Papa'sgoingtobuyyouabilly-goat.

Ifthatbilly-goatrunsaway,

Papa'sgoingtobuyyouanothertoday.

OneofthesimplestkindsofpoemsarethoselikeBandCthatlistthings.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme（likeB）whileothersdonot（likeC）.

Isawafish-portalallonfire

Isawafish-pondallonfire,

Isawahousebowtoasquire,

Isawapersontwelve-feethigh,

Isawacottageinthesky,

Isawaballoonmadeoflead,

Isawacoffindropdowndead,

Isawtwosparrowsrunarace,

Isawtwohorsesmakinglace,

Isawggirljustlikeacat,

Isawakittenwearahat,

Isawamanwhosawthesetoo,

Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.

Ourfirstfootballmatch

Wewouldhavewon...

ifJackhadscoredthatgoal,

ifwe'dhadjustafewmoreminutes,

ifwehadtrainedharder,

ifBenhadpassedtheballtoJoe,

ifwe'dhadthousandsoffansscreaming,

ifIhadn'ttakenmyeyeofftheball,

ifwehadn'tsta