人教英语选修六课文原文docx.docx

1、人教英语选修六课文原文docxUnit 1A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTINGArt is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, itwould be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this

2、text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth centuryAD.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religiousthemes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing natureand peopleas they r

3、eallywere.A typicalpictureat thistime was fullofreligioussymbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evidentthat ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondonebegan to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16

4、th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held inthe Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt amore humanisticattitudetothesame time paintersreturnedto classicalRomanandGreek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nat

5、ure as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate theirsuperb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures ofthemselves,theirhousesand possessionsaswellastheiractivitiesandachievements.One ofthemost importantdiscoveriesduringthi

6、speriodwas how to draw thingsin perspective.Thistechniquewas firstused by Masaccioin1428. Whenpeoplefirstsaw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in awall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no onewould have been able to paint suc

7、h realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paintswere also developed at thistime,which made thecoloursused in paintingslookricherand deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able tosee the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.Impressionism(late 19h to ea

8、rly 20th century)In thelate19thcentury,Europe changed a greatdeal,froma mostlyagriculturalsociety to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to thenew cities.There were many new inventionsand socialchanges also ledtonew paintingstyles. Among the painters who broke away from t

9、he traditional style of paintingwere the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eagerto show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However,because naturallightchanges so quickly,theImpressionistsha

10、d topaintquickly.Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)Atthetimetheywere c

11、reated,theImpressionistpaintingswerecontroversial,but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call modern art. Thisis because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment innew ways. There are scores ofmodern artstyles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyof these paint

12、ing styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art isabstract;thatis,thepainterdoes notattemptto paintobjectsaswe see them withoureyes,butinsteadconcentratesn certainqualitiesoftheobject,usingcolour,line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern artare so re

13、alistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different.Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the futureThe Best of Manhattan s GalleriesThe Frick Collection(5thAvenue andStreet)Many artloverswould rathervisitthissmallartgallerythanany otherinNewYork.HenryClayFrick,a r

14、ichNew Yorker,died in1919, leavinghishouse,furnitureandart collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentiethcenturyWesternpaintings,andthesearewell-representedinthisexcellentcollection.You can alsoexploreFrick s beautifulhome and gardenwhichare wellworth a visit.Guggenheim

15、Museum(5thAvenue and 88th Street)This museum owns 5,000 modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art worksare notall displayedat the same exhibition is alwayschanging. It will apealtothosewho loveImpressionistand Post-Impressionist GuggenheimMuseumbuildingisalso world-famous. When you walk i

16、nto the gallery, you fell as if you were insidea fragile ,white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from thetop floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs, just a circular path.The museum also has an excellent reaturant.Metropolitan Museum of Art(5thAvenue and 82nd St

17、reet)The reputationofthismuseumliesin thevarietyifitsartcollection.Thiscoversmore than5,000yearsof civilizationfrom many partsiftheworld,includingAmerica,Europe,China,Egypt,otherAfricancountriesand South museundiaplaysmore thanjustthevisualdelightsof introducesyou to ancientways ofliving.You can vis

18、itan Egyptiantemple,a fragrantMing garden,a typicalroom inan 18thcenturyFrenchhouse and other special exhibitions.Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, btween 5thand 6 thAvenues)It isamazingthatso many greatworks offromthelatethcenturytothestcentury1921are housed in thesame museum. The collection of Wes

19、tern artincludespaintings bysuchfamousartistsasMonet,VanGogh,PicassoandMatisse.Afewwordsofwarning:the admission price is not cheap an the meseum is often very crowded.Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)The Whitney holds an excellent colection of comtemporary painting

20、 and sclpture.Thereare no permanentdisplaysinthismuseumand exhibitionschange allthe time.Everytwo years,theWhitneyholdsa specialexhibitionofnew artby livingartists.The museum also shows videos and films by comtemporary video artists.Unit2A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMSThere are various reasons w

21、hy people write poetry. Some poems tell a story ordescribe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Otherstry to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to expressthemselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Someof t

22、he first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. Theserhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of childrens poetry.The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children becausethey rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems

23、may not make senseand even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing withthe words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.A Hush, little baby, dont say a word,Papas going to buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing,Papas going to buy you a diamond rin

24、g.If that diamond ring turns to brass,Papas going to buy you a looking-glass.If that looking-glass gets broke,Papas going to buy you a billy-goat.If that billy-goat runs away,Papas going to buy you another today.One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things. List poems h

25、ave a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).I saw a fish-portal all on fireI saw a fish-pond all on fire,I saw a house bow to a squire,I saw a person twelve-feet high,I saw a cottage in the sky,I

26、 saw a balloon made of lead,I saw a coffin drop down dead,I saw two sparrows run a race,I saw two horses making lace,I saw g girl just like a cat,I saw a kitten wear a hat,I saw a man who saw these too,And said though strange they all were true.Our first football matchWe would have won .if Jack had scored that goal,if wed had just a few more minutes,if we had trained harder,if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,if wed had thousands of fans screaming,if I hadnt taken my eye off the ball,if we hadnt sta