高考英语各地试题专题分类汇编18.docx
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高考英语各地试题专题分类汇编18
2018全国高考汇编阅读之社会生活类
一（2018安徽卷）
C
Youarethecollectorinthegalleryofyourlife.Youcollect.Youmightnotmeantobutyoudo.Oneoutofthreepeoplecollectstangible（有形的）thingssuchascats,photosandnoisytoys.
Thereareamongsome40collectionsthatarebeingshownat“TheMuseumOf”—thefirstofseveralnewmuseumswhich,overthenexttwoyears,willexhibittheobjectsaccumulatedbyunknowncollectors.Indoingso,theywillpromoteapopularcultureofmuseums,notwhatmuseumsnormallyrepresent.
Someofthecollectionsarefairlycommon—records,modelhouses.Othersarestrangelybeautiful—branchesthathavefallenfromtree,forexample.Buttheyallreveal（显露）alotofthings:
asksomeonewhattheycollectandtheiranswerswilltellyouwhotheyare.
Otheronthewayinclude“ThemuseumofCollectors”and“TheMuseumofMe.”Thesenewones,itishoped,willbuildonthesuccessof“TheMuseumOf.”Thethinkersbehindtheprojectwanttoexplorewhypeoplecollect,andwhatitmeanstodoso.Theyhopethatvisitorswhomaynothaveconsideredthemselvescollectorswillbegintoseethey,too,collect.
Somecollectorssaytheystartedorstoppedmakingcollectionsatimportantpoint:
thebeginningorendofadolescence—“it’sagrowing-upthing;youstopwhenyougrowup,”saysone.Otherpainfultimesarementioned,suchastheendofarelationship.Fortimeandlifecanseemsouncontrollablethatasteadyserial（顺序排列的）arrangementiscomforting.
64.Howwillthenewmuseumspromoteapopularcultureofmuseums?
A.Bycollectingmoretangiblethings.
B.Byshowingwhatordinarypeoplehavecollected.
C.Bycorrectingwhatmuseumsnormallyrepresent.
D.Byaccumulating40collectionstwoyearsfromnow.
65.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcollectorsfromtheircollections?
A.Whotheyare.
B.Howoldtheyare.
C.Wheretheywereborn.
D.Whytheymightnotmeantocollect.
66.Whichofthefollowingisanaimofthenewmuseums?
A.Tohelppeopleselltheircollections.
B.Toencouragemorepeopletocollect.
C.Tostudythesignificanceofcollecting.
D.Tofindoutwhypeoplevisitmuseums.
67.Accordingtothelastparagraph,peoplemaystopcollectingwhenthey
A.becomeadults
B.feelhappywithlife
C.arereadyforarelationship
D.feeltimetoheuncontrollable
【考点】考察社会生活类阅读
【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新型的收藏模式：
普通人自己收藏一些很零碎的东西。
这和以前的常规的收藏形式不一样，介绍了这一收藏模式的特点和意义。
64.【答案】B
【试题解析】细节题。
根据文章1,2段Youarethecollectorinthegalleryofyourlife.Youcollect.Youmightnotmeantobutyoudo.和Thereareamongsome40collectionsthatarebeingshownat“TheMuseumOf”—thefirstofseveralnewmuseumswhich,overthenexttwoyears,willexhibittheobjectsaccumulatedbyunknowncollectors可知这是一种新型的收藏方式，展示的是很多普通人的收藏品，这会让这些新型的博物馆显得很流行。
故B正确。
65.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节题。
根据文章第三段第二行Buttheyallreveal（显露）alotofthings:
asksomeonewhattheycollectandtheiranswerswilltellyouwhotheyare.可知在这样的展览里可以得知whotheyare。
也就是谁在搞这样的收藏。
故A正确，其余BCD三项没有提及。
66.【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章第四段2,3行Thethinkersbehindtheprojectwanttoexplorewhypeoplecollect,andwhatitmeanstodoso.Theyhopethatvisitorswhomaynothaveconsideredthemselvescollectorswillbegintoseethey,too,collect.他们希望人们能够探索他们收藏这些东西的意义，明白他们这样做的原因。
也就是说让他们知道收藏的重要性。
故C正确。
67.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节题。
根据文章最后一段1,2行Somecollectorssaytheystartedorstoppedmakingcollectionsatimportantpoint:
thebeginningorendofadolescence—“it’sagrowing-upthing;youstopwhenyougrowup,”saysone.可知当人们青春期结束的时候，他们就不再这样做了，也就是说当他们成年以后，他们就不要这样做了。
故A正确。
二（2018安徽卷）
E
YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty（贫穷）andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising"changemakers"seekingtosolve（解决）urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.
Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.InfactItismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.
WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets,Attractingtatsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost（把……制成堆粪）thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalferntilisers（化肥）whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst,theywererefused,butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade,theprojecttookoff.In2018saleswere$14,000.
DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.
72.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ChangemakersB.Businessmen
C.SocialConditionsD.RubbishProblem
73.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3probablyrefersto""
A.thelocalfarmersB.MasqsoodandIftekhar
C.DraytonandhisteamD.thepoorpeopleinDhaka
74.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatanyonecanbecomeachangemakerifhe.
A.considersDrayton'sconcept
B.getspermissionfromAshoka
C.triestoimprovesocialconditions
D.isayoung,happyandhealthyadult
75.TheauthorsattitudetowardsAshoka'sprogramcanbedescribedas
A.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.Positive
【考点】考察社会生活类阅读
【文章大意】本文介绍了一个公益组织Ashoka组织人们和贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人。
并举例进行说明。
【答案】A
【试题解析】主旨大意题。
根据文章第一段hisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty（贫穷）andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising"changemakers"可知作者向我们介绍了Ashoka，这个组织和贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人。
接着文章介绍了这个组织所做的一些事情。
这个组织才是真正的changemakers。
故A项正确。
73.【答案】D
【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章第三段Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalferntilisers（化肥）whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.可知Masqsood
和Iftekhar让当地人把垃圾变成肥料，可以解决他们购买化肥的问题，开始的时候人们拒绝了他们。
但是当他们知道这样可以挣钱的时候就开始做了。
这里的them应该是指当地的穷人。
故D正确。
74.【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。
根据第二段前三行Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.InfactItismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.可知只要你愿意解决你所关心的问题，只要能够提高社会生活的条件，你就可以成为changemakers。
故C正确。
75.【答案】D
【试题解析】推理题。
提高文章最后2两段中介绍Ashoka所组织的把垃圾变成肥料获得成功的故事告诉我们作者认为Ashoka的活动是有意义的，所以对它的态度也是积极的。
故D正确。
【长难句解析】
YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty（贫穷）andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.
【翻译】你也许没有听说过Ashoka，但是在过去的27年里，这个由BillDrayton成立的组织一直都在和贫穷和疾病做斗志，促进教育和鼓励人们做小生意。
【分析】本句较长，句中时间状语forthepast27years通常都是和现在完成时连用。
另外句中的过去分词短语foundedbyBillDrayton做定语修饰前面的名词association，因为两者之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词的形式，相当于定语从句whichwasassociation.
三（2018北京卷）
C
ChoosingtheRightResolution（决定）
MillionsofAmericansbegan2018withthesameresolutiontheystarted2018with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.
Toreachourgoaloflosingweight---theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat---theinput（输入）.Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstrucegoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:
“I’llstophavingdesertforlunch,”or“I’llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.
Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives（激励）,includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectonoutput.Fryer’sconclusionwasthattheintensivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausedonotknoehowtodobetteronexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.
Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit’seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.
Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafe,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn’tagoalbecauseit’stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,do
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