新编英语教程听力原文整理版.docx

新编英语教程听力原文整理版.docx

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新编英语教程听力原文整理版

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PartIGettingreadyA.B.Tom:

Whatkindofschooldidyougoto,Ann?

Ann:

Well,Iwenttoapublicprimaryschoolandthentoaprivatehighschool.Tom:

Sowhichdoyouthinkisbetter?

Ann:

Actually,Ipreferprivateschoolsbecauseofthesmallerclassesand...usuallyyouhaveawiderchoiceofsubjects.Tom:

Yeah,Isupposethat'strue.Ann:

Andthenthereareusuallybettersportsfacilities.Forexample,theschoolIwenttohadaswimmingpoolandahugegym.Tom:

Yeah...well,thepublichighschoolIwenttohadgreatsportsfacilities.Besides,privateschoolsarereallyexpensive.Ann:

Yeah,butIthinkthey'reworthit.Tom:

Idon'tknow.Ithinkyouhavetojudgeeveryschoolindividually,whetherit'spublicorprivate.Ann:

Thatmaybetrue...butchildrengenerallygetabetter,more...well-roundededucationinaprivateschool.Tom:

Maybe,butI'mnottotallyconvinced.Bytheway,Ann,wereyouonthedebatingteaminhighschool,byanychance?

Ann:

Isurewas!

Iwasthecaptain!

PartII

HomeschoolingAlthougheducationiscompulsoryintheUnitedStates,itisnotcompulsoryforallchildrentogettheireducationatschool.Anumberofparentsbelievethattheycanprovideabettereducationfortheirchildrenathome.Childrenwhoareeducatedathomeareknownas"home-schoolers."Thereareabout300000home-schoolersintheUnitedStatestoday.Interestingly,resultsshowthathome-schooledchildrentendtodobetterthanaverageonnationaltestsinreadingandmath.

DavidGutersonisanAmericanwriter.Heandhiswifeteachtheirthreechildrenthemselves.Gutersonsaysthathischildrenlearnverydifferentlyfromchildreninaregularschool.Learningstartswiththechildren'sinterestsandquestions.Forexample,whenthereisheavysnowfallonawinterday,itmaystartadiscussionorreadingaboutclimate,snowremovalequipment,Alaska,polarbears,andwintertourism.Oraspringevening,whenthefamilyiswatchingthestars,isagoodtimeforsettingupatelescopeandaskingquestionsaboutsatellites,comets,meteors,andthespaceprogram.Atdinner,iftheBrazilianrainforestsareonthenews,itcouldbeaperfecttimetogetouttheatlasandencyclopedia.Thentheremightbetwohoursormoreofeating,askingquestions,lookingupanswers,discoveringhowrainforestsinfluencetheclimate,whatthe"greenhouseeffect"is,howdesertsareformedandhowthepolaricecapsaffectoceanlevels

Althoughhomeschoolingoffersanexperiencethatisoftenmoreinterestingthanregularschools,criticspointoutthathome-schoolersmissoutonmanyimportantthings.Thehome-schoolerisanoutsiderwho,becauseheorsheneverattendedschool,mightbeuncomfortablemixingwithotherpeopleinadultlife.Criticsalsosaythatmostparentsarenotwellqualifiedtoteachtheirchildrenandmaypassontheirownnarrowviewstotheirchildren.However,mostparentsdon'thavethetimeordesiretoteachtheirchildrenathome,soschoolswillcontinuetobewheremostchildrengettheirformaleducation.

PartIIIUKorUSeducation?

A.JohnJames:

Idisagree,Peter.Idon'tthinkitreallymatterswhatyoureducationalbackgroundis.Anyonewhoisbrightenoughisgoingtodowellwhatevertheireducation

PeterDavies:

ButJohn,...JohnJames:

Infact,Ithinksomepeoplecarryonwiththeireducationwhentheywoulddoalotbettertogetoutandstartbuildingtheirowncareersbylearningthingsinreallife.PeterDavies:

Yes,butthewholepointis,lifeisgettingsomuchmorecomplicatedthesedaysthatunlessyoucarryonwithyourstudiesyoujustcan'tcope.JohnJames:

Forcertainthingsandcertainpeople,OK,buttomymind,thebigproblemineducationisthatyouspecializetooquickly.Imean,inEngland,youstartspecializingfromthethirdyearinsecondaryschool,whenyou'reabout14.Anditgetssteadilynarroweruntilyoudoyour"A"levelsinonlytwoorthreesubjects.Youeitherdolanguages,ornaturalsciences,orsocialsciences.PeterDavies:

Butsurelythesedaysyouhaveto,John—youcan'tpossiblystudyeverythingbecausethere'sjusttoomuch.JohnJames：

Yes,buthowmanykidsattheageofsixteenreallyknowwhattheywanttodo?

Howmanyofthemareconvincedthatthethreesubjectsthey'vechosen,orhavebeenrecommended,aretheonesthatwillletthemfollowthecareerstheyeventuallydecideon?

PeterDavies:

Oh,Ithinkmostyoungpeoplewhostayonatschoolhaveafairideaofwhattheywanttodo.JohnJames：

I'mnotsosure,Peter.Andafterall,that'snottheendofit.WhentheygettouniversityinEngland,thesubjectstheystudyaresonarrowthattheyareonlygoodforonething,sotheyarestuckwithit.PeterDavies:

ButIdon'treallyseethatthereisanyalternativeifpeoplearegoingtolearnenoughtobecompetentintheirsubject.They'vegottospecializeearly,andIsupposethosethatrealizethey'vemadeamistakecanalwaysswaptosomethingelse.JohnJames：

Ah,butthat'sjustit.Youcan't.Supposeyoustudylanguagesatuniversityandthendecidethatyouarenotcutoutforitandwouldliketobeadoctor.You'veburntyourbridges.Youcan'tjustchangehorsesinmidstream;you'vegottogorightbacktothebeginningandyouloseyears.IthinktheAmericansystemismuchbetter

B.JohnJames:

...IthinktheAmericansystemismuchbetter.PeterDavies:

Inwhatway?

JohnJames:

Well,foryourfirstdegreeyou'vegottostudyafairlywiderangeofsubjects,andyoucanchoosethemyourself,withincertainlimits.PeterDavies:

Fine,butdoesn'tthatmeanthatAmericanstudentswithafirstdegreedon'thavethedepthofknowledgetheyshouldhave?

JohnJames:

Shouldhaveforwhat?

PeterDavies:

Well,theyoftenaren'tacceptedforpostgraduateworkinEnglandwithjustafirstdegree.JohnJames:

Maybenot,butIdon'treallythinkthat'simportant.Theycomeoutwithaprettygoodgeneralknowledgeinawidearea.Afterall,whenyouthinkaboutalotofthestuffEnglishstudentshavetostudy,whatgoodisittothemafterwards?

I'msurethemajorityofBritishstudentsneveruse90percentofwhattheystudiedatuniversity.PeterDavies:

Thatmaybetrueofsomeartssubjects,butwhataboutthesciences?

JohnJames:

Eventhere,alotwhattheydoatuniversityissoacademicandabstrusethattheywillneverbeabletoputittoanypracticaluse.I'msuretheywouldbenefitfarmorefromon-the-jobexperience.Andifthey'vehadabroadercourseofstudythey'vegottwoadvantages.PeterDavies:

Howdoyoumean?

JohnJames:

Firstofall,theywillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheworldingeneral,sotheywillbemoreflexibleintheirjobs,andthenifthingsdogowrongtheywillbeabletoswitchjobseasily.PeterDavies:

Thatallsoundsverysimple,butIthinkyou'restillunderestimatingtheamountofpurelearningthatyouneedthesedays,particularlyintechnicalandscientificareas.Imeanevenatschoolthesedays,childrenhavetolearnfarmorethingsthanwedidwhenwewereatschool.JohnJames:

Allthemorereasonweshouldnottrytoconcentrateonsuchafewthingsatsuchanearlyage.Thingsarechangingsorapidlythesedaysthatwehavetochangewiththem.Whenwewereyounger,therewasaprettygoodchancethatwewouldbeabletocarryonintheprofessionwe'dchosenuntilweretired.Butthesedays,peoplehavegottobepreparedtochangetheirjobsandlearnnewskillsastechnologymovesahead.Takejusttheareaoftheoffice,forexample.Howmanyoffices..

PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:

Co-educationalorSegregatedSchools

Imaginebeingaskedtospendtwelveorsoyearsofyourlifeinasocietywhichconsistedonlyofmembersofyourownsex.Howwouldyoureact?

Unlesstherewassomethingdefinitelywrongwithyou,youwouldn'tbesohappyaboutit,tosaytheleast.Itisallthemoresurprisingthereforethatsomanyparentsintheworldchoosetoimposesuchabnormalconditionsontheirchildren—conditionswhichtheythemselveswouldn'tputupwithforoneminute!

Anydiscussionofthistopicisboundtoquestiontheaimsofeducation.Stuffingchildren'sheadfullofknowledgeisfarfrombeingforemostamongthem.Oneofthechiefaimsofeducationistoequipfuturecitizenswithalltheyrequiretotaketheirplaceinadultsociety.Nowadultsocietyismadeupofmenandwomen,sohowcanasegregatedschoolpossiblyoffertherightsortofpreparationforit?

Anyoneenteringadultsocietyafteryearsofsegregationcanonlybeinforashock.Aco-educationalschoolofferschildrennothinglessthanatrueversionofsocietyinminiature.Boysandgirlsaregiventheopportunitytogettoknoweachother,tolearntolivetogetherfromtheirearliestyears.Theyareputinapositionwheretheycancomparethemselveswitheachotherintermsofacademicability,athleticachievementandmanyoftheextra-curricularactivitieswhicharepartofschoollife.Whatapracticaladvantageitis（togivejustasmallexample）tobeabletoputonaschoolplayinwhichthemalepartswillbetakenbyboysandthefemalepartsbygirls!

Whensegregated,boysandgirlsaremadetofeelthattheyarearaceapart.Inaco-educationalschool,everythingfallsintoitsproperplace.Butperhapsthegreatestcontributionofco-educationisthehealthyattitudetolifeitencourages.Boysdon'tgrowupbelievingthatwomenaremysteriouscreatures.Girlsdon'tgrowupimaginingthatmenareromanticheroes.Yearsoflivingtogetherdispelillusionsofthiskind.Theawkwardstageofadolescencebringsintosharpfocussomeofthephysicalandemotionalproblemsinvolvedingrowingup.Thesecanbetterbeovercomeinaco-educationalenvironment.Whenthetimecomesforthepupilstoleav