TED英语演讲稿6个月学会一门外语.docx

TED英语演讲稿6个月学会一门外语.docx

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TED英语演讲稿6个月学会一门外语

TED英语演讲稿：

6个月学会一门外语

简介：

为什么有的人学了XX年的英语还是开不了口?

而另一些人却能迅速掌握一门外语?

上世纪80年代，语言学家chrislonsdale来到中国，仅用6个月的时间他就能说出流利的普通话。

他是怎么做到的?

一起来听听他的学习方法吧!

haveyoueverheldaquestioninmindforsolongthatitbecomespartofhowyouthink?

maybeevenpartofwhoyouareasaperson?

wellivehadaquestioninmymindformany,manyyearsandthatis:

howcanyouspeeduplearning?

now,thisisaninterestingquestionbecauseifyouspeeduplearningyoucanspendlesstimeatschool.andifyoulearnreallyfast,youprobablywouldnthavetogotoschoolatall.

now,wheniwasyoung,schoolwassortofokaybutifoundquiteoftenthatschoolgotinthewayoflearningsoihadthisquestioninmind:

howdoyoulearnfaster?

andthisbeganwheniwasvery,veryyoung,wheniwasaboutelevenyearsoldiwrotealettertoresearchersinthesovietunion,askingabouthypnopaedia,thisissleeplearning,whereyougetataperecorder,youputitbesideyourbedanditturnsoninthemiddleofthenightwhenyouresleeping,andyouresupposedtobelearningfromthis.

agoodidea,unfortunatelyitdoesntwork.but,hypnopaediadidopenthedoorstoresearchinotherareasandwevehadincrediblediscoveriesaboutlearningthatbeganwiththatfirstquestion.iwentonfromtheretobecomepassionateaboutpsychologyandihavebeeninvolvedinpsychologyinmanywaysfortherestofmylifeupuntilthispoint.in1981itookmyselftochinaandidecidedthatiwasgoingtobenativelevelinchineseinsidetwoyears.

now,youneedtounderstandthatin1981,everybodythoughtchinesewasreally,reallydifficultandthatawesternercouldstudyfortenyearsormoreandneverreallygetverygoodatit.andialsowentinwithadifferentideawhichwas:

takingalloftheconclusionsfrompsychologicalresearchuptothatpointandapplyingthemtothelearningprocess.whatwasreallycoolwasthatinsixmonthsiwasfluentinmandarinchineseandtookalittlebitlongertogetuptonative.butilookedaroundandisawallofthesepeoplefromdifferentcountriesstrugglingterriblywithchinese,isawchinesepeoplestrugglingterriblytolearnenglishandotherlanguages,andsomyquestiongotrefineddownto:

howcanyouhelpanormaladultlearnanewlanguagequickly,easilyandeffectively?

nowthisareally,reallyimportantquestionintodaysworld.wehavemassivechallengeswithenvironmentwehavemassivechallengeswithsocialdislocation,withwars,allsortsofthingsgoingonandifwecantcommunicatewerereallygoingtohavedifficultysolvingtheseproblems.soweneedtobeabletospeakeachotherslanguages,thisisreally,reallyimportant.

thequestionthenishowdoyoudothat.well,itsactuallyreallyeasy.youlookaroundforpeoplewhocanalreadydoit,youlookforsituationswhereitsalreadyworkingandthenyouidentifytheprinciplesandapplythem.itscalledmodellingandivebeenlookingatlanguagelearningandmodellinglanguagelearningforaboutfifteentotwentyyearsnow.

andmyconclusion,myobservationfromthisisthatanyadultcanlearnasecondlanguagetofluencyinsidesixmonths.nowwhenisaythis,mostpeoplethinkimcrazy,thisisnotpossible.soletmeremindeverybodyofthehistoryofhumanprogress,itsallaboutexpandingourlimits.

in1950everybodybelievedthatrunningonemileinfourminuteswasimpossibleandthenrogerbannisterdiditin1956andfromthereitsgotshorterandshorter.100yearsagoeverybodybelievedthatheavystuffdoesntfly.exceptitdoesandweallknowthis.howdoesheavystufffly?

wereorganisethematerialsusingprinciplesthatwehavelearnedfromobservingnature,birdsinthiscase.andtodaywevegoneeverfurther,soyoucanflyacar.youcanbuyoneoftheseforacouplehundredthousandusdollars.wenowhavecarsintheworldthatcanfly.andtheresadifferentwaytoflythatwevelearnedfromsquirrels.soallyouneedtodoiscopywhataflyingsquirreldoes,buildasuitcalledawingsuitandoffyougo,youcanflylikeasquirrel.

no,mostpeople,alotofpeople,iwouldntsayeverybodybutalotofpeoplethinktheycantdraw.howevertherearesomekeyprinciples,fiveprinciplesthatyoucanapplytolearningtodrawandyoucan2actuallylearntodrawinfivedays.so,ifyoudrawlikethis,youlearntheseprinciplesforfivedaysandapplythemandafterfivedaysyoucandrawsomethinglikethis.nowiknowthisistruebecausethatwasmyfirstdrawingandafterfivedaysofapplyingtheseprinciplesthatwaswhatiwasabletodo.andilookedatthisandiwentwow,sothatshowilooklikewhenimconcentratingsointenselythatmybrainisexploding.so,anybodycanlearntodrawinfivedaysandinthesameway,withthesamelogic,anybodycanlearnasecondlanguageinsixmonths.

how:

therearefiveprinciplesandsevenactions.theremaybeafewmorebuttheseareabsolutelycore.andbeforeigetintothoseijustwanttotalkabouttwomyths,dispeltwomyths.thefirstisthatyouneedtalent.letmetellyouaboutzoe.zoecamefromaustralia,wenttoholland,wastryingtolearndutch,strugglingagreatdealandfinallypeopleweresaying:

yourecompletelyuseless,yourenottalented,giveup,youreawasteoftimeandshewasvery,verydepressed.andthenshecameacrossthesefiveprinciples,shemovedtobrazilandsheappliedthemandwithinsixmonthsshewasfluentinportuguese,sotalentdoesntmatter.

peoplealsothinkthatimmersioninanewcountryisthewaytolearnalanguage.butlookaroundhongkong,lookatallthewesternerswhovebeenherefortenyears,whodontspeakawordofchinese.lookatallthechineselivinginamerica,britain,australia,canadahavebeenthereten,twentyyearandtheydontspeakanyenglish.immersionpersedoesntnotwork,why?

becauseadrowningmancannotlearntoswim.whenyoudontspeakalanguageyourelikeababyandifyoudropyourselfintoacontextwhichisalladultstalkingaboutstuffoveryourhead,youwontlearn.

so,whatarethefiveprinciplesthatyouneedtopayattentionto;first:

thefourwords,attention,meaning,relevanceandmemory,andtheseinterconnectinveryimportantways.especiallywhenyouretalkingaboutlearning.comewithmeonajourneythroughaforest.yougoonawalkthroughaforestandyouseesomethinglikethis.littlemarksonatree,maybeyoupayattention,maybeyoudont.yougoanotherfiftymetresandyouseethis.youshouldbepayingattention.anotherfiftymetres,ifyouhaventbeenpayingattention,youseethis.

andatthispoint,yourepayingattention.andyouvejustlearnedthatthisisimportant,itsrelevantbecauseitmeansthis,andanythingthatisrelated,anyinformationrelatedtoyoursurvivalisstuffthatyouregoingtopayattentiontoandthereforeyouregoingtorememberit.ifitsrelatedtoyourpersonalgoalsthenyouregoingtopayattentiontoit,ifitsrelevantyouregoingtorememberit.so,thefirstrule,thefirstprincipleforlearningalanguageisfocusonlanguagecontentthatisrelevanttoyou.whichbringsustotools.wemastertoolbyusingtoolsandwelearntoolsthefastestwhentheyarerelevanttous.

soletmeshareastory.akeyboardisatool.typingchineseacertainway,therearemethodsforthis.thatsatool.ihadacolleaguemanyyearsagowhowenttonightschool;tuesdaynight,thursdaynight,twohourseachnight,practicingathome,shespentninemonths,andshedidnotlearntotypechinese.andonenightwehadacrisis.wehadfortyeighthourstodeliveratrainingmanualinchinese.andshegotthejob,andicanguaranteeyouinfortyeighthours,shelearnedtotypechinesebecauseitwasrelevant,itwasimportant,itwasmeaningful,shewasusingatooltocreatevalue.sothesecondtoolforlearningalanguageistouseyourlanguageasatooltocommunicaterightfromdayone.

asakiddoes.whenifirstarrivedinchinaididntspeakawordofchinese,andonmysecondweekigottotakeatrainrideovernight.ispenteighthourssittinginthediningcaretalkingtooneoftheguardsonthetrain,hetookaninterestinmeforsomereason,andwejustchattedallnightinchineseandhewasdrawingpicturesandmakingmovementswithhishandsandfacialexpressionsandpiecebypiecebypieceiunderstoodmoreandmore.butwhatwasreallycool,wastwoweekslater,whenpeopleweretalkingchinesearoundme,iwasunderstandingsomeofthisandihadntevenmadeanyefforttolearnthat.

whathadhappened,idabsorbeditthatnightonthetrain,whichbringsustothethirdprinciple.whenyoufirstunderstandthemessage,thenyouwillacquirethelanguage3unconsciously.andthisisreally,reallywelldocumentednow,itssomethingcalledcomprehensibleinputandtherestwentyorthirtyyearsofresearchonthis,stephenkrashen,aleaderinthefieldhaspublishedallsortsofthesedifferentstudiesandthisisjustfromoneofthem.thepurplebarsshowthescoresondifferenttestsforlanguage.thepurplepeoplewerepeoplewhohadlearnedbygrammarandformalstudy,thegreenonesaretheoneswholearnedbycomprehensibleinput.so,comprehensionworks.comprehensioniskeyandlanguagelearningisnotaboutaccumulatinglotsofknowledge.inmany,manywaysitsaboutphysiologicaltraining.

awomaniknowfromtaiwandidgreatatenglishatschool,shegotagradesallthewaythrough,wentthroughcollege,agrades,wenttotheusandfoundshecouldntunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying.andpeoplestartedaskingher:

areyoudeaf?

andshewas.englishdeaf.becausewehavefiltersinourbrainthatfilternthesoundsthatwearefamiliarwithandtheyfilteroutthesoundsoflanguageswerenot.andi