ICAO必过.docx
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ICAO必过
老哥,由于真的不知道你们直升机的ICAO考试内容是否和我们相同,就按我们那个来给你整理点资料,你看一下,希望能对你考试有所帮助~
这段时间,游戏少玩点,多占用你点时间。
得多听,多说,熟练地口语不是闭着嘴就能练出来的。
那个陆空对话,你可以多听一下,然后自己复诵;如果看不进书,就看美剧片,感觉人家那个日常说的,能用的到的口语,就给拿个小本子记下来,多说两遍,模仿人家那个语气、语速、断句等等;要是能去酒吧碰个外国朋友~请人家喝杯酒,死皮赖脸的跟人家说就行了,真的!
学语言,必须不能要脸!
考试的时候语速不必太快,说的慢点,给自己留点想下一句该说什么的余地,毕竟说慢了考官不会怪你,你要是啊啊额额的说不出来,那就显得你语言能力很差,给你减分。
还有我那天电话里给你说的,一个漂亮的开头,一个漂亮的自我介绍,可以让你在其它一起考试的人里占大优势,简短、表明自己的信心、且略带谦逊,真的会让考官们眼前一亮!
其实这个ICAO,前三部分真的得自己下功夫!
主要就是考的你语言能力,因为考官本身也不一定都是专业的飞行员,所以有一定的专业知识,英语好点就差不多可以当考官。
毕竟是语言能力考试。
所以所有过程中的个人觉得第四部分OPI是可以外力帮助,让你进步更快,下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI(oralproficiencyinterview)
OPI包含5个部分:
1warmup2levelcheck3probe4picturedescribe5wrapup
一)vocabulary (最后附有各个系统专业词汇)
对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳
三个应答机特殊编码 :
编码自己查 不便说。
从小到大分别是hijack , radiofailure , distressconditions
PANPAN和MAYDAY的区别:
PANPAN:
needassistancetimely urgencysituation
MAYDAY:
needassistanceimmediately distresssituation
乘务员flight/cabinattendant 驾驶舱职权梯度 cockpitauthoritygradient
机库hangar 接通/断开自驾 engage/disengageAP
地形terrain 人因 humanfactors
活物牲畜 livestock 绕飞detour
界面交界处interface 修改 modify amend
试车 enginerunup 烂泥slush
减速妨碍retard 积累 accumulation
湿度humidity 降雨量precipitation
气喘asthma 腹泻diarrhea
调度签派dispatch 信号员 marshaller
开往驶往Boundfor 放油 fueldump jettison
预期anticipate 污染contaminate
外形configuration 致命的 fatal
分院 branch flightcollege 炸药dynamite
手榴弹grenade 恢复revert
Humanerrorchain:
peoplemakesmistake,andaccidenthappens.onemistakeleadstoanothertoanothertoanotherwhichleadstoanaccident
IRS:
inertialreferencesystem 惯性基准系统
干预interfere 配件 附件 accessory
气动的pneumatic 有形的 具体的concrete
临界的marginal 连续 touchandgo
起落 Trafficcircuit 补充replenish
全停 fullstop 物质物品substance
拉紧绷紧strain 踝关节ankle 肘部elbow
对正跑道 aligntherunway POB:
peopleonboard
改装训练transitiontraining 劫机犯 hijacker
陆空对话radiotelephonycommunication
前轮转弯机构nosewheelsteering 执行execute 疏散evacuation
机长的四条杠的含义:
1flyingskill2knowledge3profession4responsibility
提供饮食及服务 cater(主要在地面装载时会用到)
RNP----requirednavigationperformance所需导航性能
RDH----thresholdheight 跑道入口高度
二)几个主要系统组成及功用
1 LANDINGGEARSYSTEM
很多图是关于重着陆,事故以及事故症候的,事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况,damaged,unabletoextend,tiresblow-out,smokefrommaingear等情况,所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDINGGEARSYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
Tricyclegeararrangement 前三点 shockstrut减震支柱 bumper减震器
Manualextensionhandles人工放下起落架手柄
Nosewheelarrangementadvantages:
1)itallowsmoreforcefulapplicationofbrakesforhigherlandingspeedwithoutnosingover.
2) itpermitsbettervisibilityforthepilotsduringlandingandtaxing
3)ittendstopreventaircraftfromground-loopingbymovingtheC.Gforwardofthemaingear.
Landinggearsafetydevises:
1) Mechanicaldownlock----------topreventaccidentaloperationofthemechanicaldownlocks,electricallyoperatedsafetyswitchesareinstalled.
2) Safetyswitches-----------------Thetorquelinksspreadapartormovetogetherastheshockstrutpistonextendsorretractsinitscylinder.
3) Groundlock----------------onecommontypeofapininstalledinalignedholesdrilledin2ormoreunitsofthelandinggearsupportstructure.
2 HYDRAULICSYSTEM
第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulicsystem的,建议这个系统多熟悉一下
Unitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystem:
Landinggears, wingflaps, slats, speedandwheelbrakes, nosewheelsteering,
Primaryflightsurfaces
hydraulicsystemcomponents:
anenginedrivenpump, afilter, areservoir, apressureregulator, anaccumulator,
apressuregauge, areliefvalve, anemergencypump, twocheckvalves,
aselectorvalve, anactuatingcylinder
operation
theenginedrivenpumpwhichisdirectlycoupledtotheenginewilloperatewhentheengineisrunning.Thepumpdrawsfluidfromreservoirandexpelstothesystemthroughthefilterandacheckvalveandthepressurecanbebuiltup.thepressureregulatorunloadsorrelievestheenginedrivenpumpwhenthedesiredpressureinthesystemachieved.thusit’softenreferredtoasanunloadingvalve.Intheeventofmalfunctionofpressureregulator,thereliefvalvewillreleaseanypressureabovethatmaintainedbytheregulator.
3 AIRCONDITIONINGANDPRESSSURIZATIONSYSTEM
Thecabinairconditioningandpressurizationsystemsuppliesconditionedairforheatingandcoolingthecockpitandcabinspaces.Thisairalsoprovidespressurizationtomaintainasafeandcomfortablecabinenvironment.Someoftheairconditioningsystemsinstalledinmodernaircraftutilizeairturbinerefrigeratingunitstosupplycooledair. Thesearecalledaircyclesystem.
Functionofairconditioningsystem:
Tomaintainacomfortabletemperaturewithinthefuselage.Inatypicalsystemthetemperatureismeasuredandcomparedtothedesiredsettingofthetemperaturecontrols.
1supplyventilationair
2supplyheatedair
3supplycooledair
Functionofcabinpressurecontrolsystem:
Toprovidecabinpressureregulation,pressurerelief,vacuumrelief,andthemeansofselectingthedesiredcabinaltitude.
4 WINGTIPDEVICES-----------improvetheefficiencyoffixed-wingaircraft,intendedeffectidalwaystoreducethedragbyalteringtheairflownearthewingtips.
5 APU-------AUXILIARYPOWERUNIT
Function-----toprovidepowertostartthemainengines.Turbineenginesmustbeacceleratedtoahighrotationalspeedinordertoprovidesufficientaircompressionforself-sustainingoperation.Beforeenginesaretobeturned,theAPUisstarted,generallybyabatteryorhydraulicaccumulator.OncetheAPUisrunning,itprovidespower(electric,pneumatic,orhydraulic,dependingonthedesign)tostarttheaircraft'smainengines.
APUsfittedtoETOPS(Extended-rangeTwin-engineOperations)aircraftareacriticalsafetydevice,astheysupplybackupelectricityandcompressedairinplaceofthedeadengineorfailedmainenginegenerator.
三)特情处置
先说一下CRM-----COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
CRM包括4部分
1:
establishgoodcommunicationwithcrewmembers,sothatwecanpreventandcorrectanymistakes.
2:
takefulladvantageofthefacilitiesonboardandthegroundnavaids.
3:
operatetheaircraftstrictlyaccordingtothemanualandSOPs.
4:
complywiththeaviationregulations.
关于EMERGENCY,处置
1.staycalm,maintaintherightconfigurationandattitude.
2.thecrewmembersshouldaccomplisheachother’sownduty,findthecauseanddotherightchecklist,followstandardprocedures.
3.reporttoATCyourlocation,situationonboard,andintention.Requestlandingpriorityifpossible.
这里只是提供一个大致框架,具体特勤具体分析,如ENGINEFAILURE,BOMBONBOARD,GEARJAM等,具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。
关于SICKPASSENGERONBOARD的处置:
1.havethecabinattendanttotakefirstaid
2.informthepassengerstofindifthere’sdoctoronboardsothatwecanaskforhelp
3.informtheATC,requestlandingpriorityordiverttothenearestsuitableairport,andrequestambulanceanddoctorsreadyatlanding
我在考试的时候遇到关于SUFFERFROMHEARTATTACK的乘客
四)口试
OPI的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题,所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备。
说的直白一点,这几部分就是和考官扯淡,但是扯淡要注意尺度,不要使劲扯,扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的。
这里部分会过渡到一些飞行相关的问题。
分院,飞行经历,所飞机型,小时数,所遇特勤,职业特性,基本可以概括为一次完整的飞行过程。
建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章,涵盖以上一些信息。
到时候遇到可以触类旁通,把你准备的说出来。
同时也是做一个引导,引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题,这样会比较占主动性。
E.G:
Thatchoosingtobeapilotasmycareermakesmeproudandmakesmyfamilyproud.Thisisanoblejob.Comeon,thinkaboutit.Becauseofourworks,aboycanmeethisbonnylass,afatherbackfrombusinesstripcangivehisdaughterawarmhug,businessmencansigntheircontractsintime,andpackagesaredeliveredtoyourdoorontime.Allthesegivemeafeelingofsuccess,afeelingofhappiness.Andbesides,thisisajobwithgoodsalaryandcomparativelyhighsocialstatus.Iusedtoconsiderthatit’seasytobeapilot.Youknow,justliketheunprofessionalpeoplethinks:
pilotsengagetheAPaftertakeoff,thenplannedroute,plannedlevel,plannedeverything.AllthepilotsneedtodoisdisengagingtheAPwhentheaircraftcomestotheshortfinal,andmakeaperfectlanding,taxitotherightgate.That’sall.Itlookseasyandseemsthateverybodycandothat.ButI’vechangedmymindafterallthethingsI’vebeenthroughintheGUANGHANflightcollegewhereIactuallylearnthowtocontrolandmanageanaircraftandhowtobeaprofessionalpilot.There’salongwaytogo,andthattakestime.TheveryfirstruleIlearnistobepatient,always.Andthereisa“13-hours-checkride”whichissettocheckwhetherthestudentisskillfulortalentedenoughtobeapilot.Thisisacruelcheckforthestudents,andsomearedoomedtofail.Isweatedmyshirtandtheheadphonethatdayinthecockpit.Butluckyme,Ipassed.ThisisthemostprecioustreasureinmylifethatIwishIwouldneverexperienceagain.
附加:
各个系统词汇
AirConditioningSystem
PACK空调主件 HOTBLEEDAIR热引气
OUTLETDUCT外流管 BYPASSVALVE旁通活门 RAMAIR冲压空气
INLETSCOOP 进气口 TRIMAIRVALVE调节空气
EXTRACTORFAN排气风扇 GUARDEDFLAP 有保护盖的导片
BLOWER 鼓风机 EXTRCTOR排风扇 OVERBOARD 机外