大学英语四级考试真题解析.docx

大学英语四级考试真题解析.docx

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大学英语四级考试真题解析

2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayononlinelibraries.Youcanstartyouressaywiththesentence**Onlinelibrariesarebecomingincreasinglypopular'.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）

编辑说明：

与上一套题的听力部分一样。

PartHIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

There*rethreemaintypesoffinancialstresspeopleencounter.Thefirsttypeisapparentinpeoplebeingstressedaboutthe26upsanddownsofinvestmentmarkets一actuallynotsomuchtheups,but27thedowns.

Thesepeopleareusuallyunableorunpreparedtoendurethelonghaul.

Thenextcommontypeoffinancialstressisthatcausedbydebt.Ina28percentageofcasesofdebt-inducedfinancialstress,creditcardsandloanswillbeacentralelement.Oftenthere'llbeacarloanandperhapsamortgage,butcreditcardsoftenseemtobethegatewaytodebt-relatedfinancialdifficultiesformany.

Thethirdtypeofstressand29theleastknownisinheritedfinancialstress,whichisthemostdestructive.Itisexperiencedbythosewhohavegrownupinhouseholdswheretheirparentsregularly30andfoughtabout

money.Moneythereforebecomesastressfultopic,andsothethoughtofsittingdownandplanningisanunattractive31.

Thosesufferinginheritedfinancialanxiety32tofollowoneoftwopatterns.Eithertheyputtheirheadinthe

sand：

theywould33examiningtheirfinancialstatements,budgeting,anddiscussingfinancialmatterswiththoseclosesttothem.Alternatively,theywouldgototheother34,andmicro-analyzeeverything,tothepointofcomplete35.They*reconvincedthatwhateverdecisiontheymakewillbethewrongone.

A）appearance

F）extreme

K）proposition

B）argued

G）inaction

L）rebelled

C）avoid

H）incredibly

M）statement

D）considerable

I）normal

N）tend

E）definitely

J）possibly

O）traditional

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Doctor'sOrders:

LetChildrenJustPlay

Imagineadrugthatcouldenhanceachild'screativityandcriticalthinking.Imaginethatthisdrugweresimpletomake,safetotake,andcouldbehadforfree.Thenation'sleadingpediatricians（儿科医生）saythismiraclecompoundexists.Inanewconicalreport,theyareurgingdoctorstoprescribeitliberallytothechildrenintheircare.

“Thismayseemold-fashioned,butthereareskillstobelearnedwhenkidsaren'ttoldwhattodo,”saidDr.MichaelYogman,aHarvardMedicalSchoolpediatricianwholedthedraftingofthecalltoarms.Whetherit’sroughphysicalplay,outdoorplayorpretendplay,kidsderiveimportantlessonsfromthechancetomakethingsupastheygo,hesaid.

Theadvice,issuedMondaybytheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics,maycomeasashocktosomeparents.Afterspendingyearsfretting（烦恼）overwhichtoystobuy,whichappstodownloadandwhichskill-buildingprogramstosendtheirkidstoafterschool,lettingthemsimplyplay—orbetteryet，playingwiththem—could

seemlikeastepbackward.Thepediatriciansinsistthatit’snot.Theacademy'sguidancedoesnotincludespecificrecommendationsforthedosingofplay.Instead,itasksdoctorstoadviseparentsbeforetheirbabiesturntwothatplayisessentialtohealthydevelopment.

“Playisnotsillybehavior,ntheacademy'sreportdeclares.Itfosterschildren’screativity,cooperation,andproblem-solvingskills—allofwhicharecriticalfora21st-centuryworkforce.Whenparentsengageinplaywiththeirchildren,itbuildsawallagainsttheharmfuleffectsofallkindsofstress,includingpoverty,theacademysays.Inthepediatricians'view,essentiallyeverylifeskillthat'svaluedinadultscanbebuiltupwithplay.uCollaboration,negotiation,decision-making,creativity,leadership,andincreasedphysicalactivityarejustsomeoftheskillsandbenefitschildrengainthroughplay,Mtheywrote.Thepediatricians'appealcomesaskidsarebeingsqueezedbyincreasingacademicdemandsatschoolandtheconstantinvasionofdigitalmedia.

Thetrendshavebeenalongtimecoming.Between1981and1997,detailedtime-usestudiesshowedthatthetimechildrenspentatplaydeclinedby25percent.Sincetheadoptionofsweepingeducationreformsin2001，publicschoolshavesteadilyincreasedtheamountoftimedevotedtopreparingforstandardizedtests.Thefocusonacademicuskillsanddrillsnhascutdeeplyintorecess（课间休息）andothertimeforfreeplay.

By2009,astudyofLosAngeleskindergartenclassroomsfoundthatfive-year-oldsweresoburdenedwithacademicrequirementsthattheyweredowntoanaverageofjust19minutesperdayofuchoicetime/*whentheywerepermittedtoplayfreelywithblocks,toysorotherchildren.OneinfourLosAngelesteachersreportedtherewasnotimeatallforufreeplay.’’Increasedacademicpressureshaveleft30percentofU.S.kindergartenclasseswithoutanyrecess.SuchfindingspromptedtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricstoissueapolicystatementin2013onthe<4crucialroleofrecessinschool.”

Pediatriciansaren'ttheonlyoneswhohavenoticed.InareporttitleduCrisisintheKindergarten,Magroupofeducators,healthprofessionalsandchildadvocatescalledthelossofplayinearlychildhood“atragedy,bothforthechildrenthemselvesandforournationandtheworld.’’Kidsinplay-basedkindergartens44endupequallygoodorbetteratreadingandotherintellectualskills,andtheyaremorelikelytobecomewell-adjustedhealthypeople,theAllianceforChildhoodsaidin2009.Indeed,newresearchdemonstrateswhyplayingwithblocksmighthavebeentimebetterspent,Yogmansaid.Thetrialassessedtheeffectivenessofanearlymathematicsintervention

（干预）aimedatpreschoolers.Theresultsshowedalmostnogainsinmathachievement.

Anotherplaytimethief：

thegrowingproportionofkids*timespentinfrontofscreensanddigitaldevices,evenamongpreschoolers.Lastyear,CommonSenseMediareportedthatchildrenupthroughageeightspentanaverageoftwohoursand19minutesinfrontofscreenseachday,includinganaverageof42minutesadayforthoseundertwo.Thisincreaseofdigitalusecomeswithrisingrisksofobesity,sleepdeprivationandcognitive

（认知的），languageandsocial-emotionaldelays,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricswarnedin2016.

“Irespectthatparentshavebusylivesandit’seasytohandachildaniPhone，”Yogmansaid.“Butthere'sacosttothat.Foryoungchildren,it’smuchtoopassive.Andkidsreallylearnbetterwhenthey'reactivelyengagedandhavetoreallydiscoverthings.”

Thedeclineofplayisaspecialhazardfortheroughly1in5childrenintheUnitedStateswholiveinpoverty.These14millionchildrenmosturgentlyneedtodeveloptheresilience（韧劲）thatiscultivatedwithplay.

Instead,Yogmansaid,theyaredisproportionatelyaffectedbysomeofthetrendsthataremakingplayscarce:

academicpressuresatschoolsthatneedtoimprovetestscores,outsideplayareasthatarelimitedorunsafe,andparentswholackthetimeorenergytoshareinplaytime.

Yogmanalsoworriesaboutthepressuresthatsqueezeplaytimeformoreaffluentkids.“Thenotionthatasparentsweneedtoscheduleeveryminuteoftheirtimeisnotdoingthemagreatservice,Mhesaid.Evenwell-meaningparentsmaybeurobbingthemoftheopportunitytohavethatjoyofdiscoveryandcuriosity—theopportunitytofindthingsoutontheirown.’’

Playmaynotbeahardselltokids.ButUCLApediatricianCarlosLemeracknowledgedthatthepediatricians'newprescriptionmaymeetwithskepticism（fl;疑）fromparents,whoareanxiousforadviceonhowtogivetheirkidsalegupintheworld.Theyshouldwelcomethesimplicityofthemessage,Lernersaid.“It’sliberatingtobeable

toofferthemthisadvice:

thatyouspendingtimewithyourchildandlettinghimplayisoneofthemostvaluablethingsyoucando,”hesaid.“Itdoesn*thavetoinvolvespendingalotofmoneyortime,orjoiningaparentinggroup.It’ssomethingwecanofferthat’sachievable.Theyjustdon’trecognizeitrightnowasparticularlyvaluable.’’

Increaseduseofdigitaldevicesstealsawaychildren’splaytime.

Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,anincreasingamountoftimehasbeenshiftedinpublicschoolsfromrecesstoacademicactivities.

Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatwhilekidsmaywelcomepediatricians’recommendation,theirparentsmaydoubtitsfeasibility.

Accordingtosomeprofessionals,deprivationofyoungchildren'splaytimewilldoharmnotonlytochildrenthemselvesbuttothecountryandtheworld.

Byplayingwithchildren,parentscanpreventthemfrombeingharmedbystress.

Playingwithdigitaldevicesdiscourageskidsfromactivediscovery,accordingtopediatricianDr.MichaelYogman.

Thesuggestionoflettingchildrensimplyplaymaysoundlikegoingbackwardstopaientswhowanttohelpbuildtheirchild