自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料.docx
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自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
LessonOneChinaintheMarketPlace
一、术语：
manufacturedgoods制成品
capitalequipment资本货物
balanceofpayments国际收支
currentaccount经常项目
visibletradeaccount有形贸易项目
invisibletradeaccount无形贸易项目
tradesurplus贸易顺差
tradedeficit贸易逆差
barter易货贸易
compensationtrade补偿贸易
counter-trade反向贸易
assemblymanufacturing组装生产
industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax工商统一税
jointventure合资企业
deferredpayment延期付款
buyercredit买方信贷
suppliercredit卖方信贷
softloan软贷款（低息贷款）
MFNtreatment:
MostFavoredNationtreatment最惠国待遇
PNTR:
PermanentNormalTradingRelations永久性正常贸易关系
NI:
NationalIncome国民收入
GNP:
GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值
GDP:
GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值
IBRD:
InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment国际复兴和开发银行
IDA:
InternationalDevelopmentAssociation国际开发协会
IFC:
InternationalFinanceCorporation国际金融公司
OECD:
OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment经济合作和发展组织
BIS:
BankforInternationalSettlement国际清算银行
EEC:
EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧洲经济共同体
EU:
EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟
FDI:
ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投资
二、词语释义：
exacerbate:
deteriorate恶化
disrupt:
interrupt中断
inthewakeof:
following继┉之后
breakdown:
analysisbyclassification分类分析
buoyant:
brisk上扬的，增产的
run-down:
reduction
mountexhibitions:
holdexhibitions
insofaras:
totheextent在┉范围之内
bottlenecks:
obstacles;problemsthatretardorhaltfreemovementorprogress
三、句子翻译：
OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.
官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
ThedebtproblemsconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChina"sdeterminationtointroduceforeigntechnologybymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinanceratherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoneyontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.…Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargeamountsofexternaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalbottlenecksintheeconomy,suchasaninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints
许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：
通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。
……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料
（二）！
！
！
LessontwoTheCurtainGoesup
一、术语：
ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区
awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士
infrastructure基础设施
capitalstock实际资本
consumergoods消费品
preferentialtaxrate优惠税率
cooperativeenterprise合作（经营）企业
ETDZ（Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone）经济技术开发区
entrepreneurship企业家精神
meansofproduction生产资料
stock-taking评估
二、词语释义：
inpiecemealform:
piecebypiece;gradually逐渐的
showpiece:
aprimeoroutstandingexample典范
pipedream:
fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦
fromscratch:
fromtheverybeginning从零开始，从最初开始
grassroots:
basiclevel基层
thedustsettles:
theconfusionends尘埃落定
inthedriver"sseat:
inthedominantposition
三、句子翻译：
IntheSEZs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates.
在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。
So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountry"smodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittee"s21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway.
因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。
LessonThreeBeijingRising
一、术语：
economicheavyweight举足轻重的经济强国
commercialhub商业活动中心
Percapita人均
GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值
punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税
securities有价证券
realestatemarket房地产市场
“GreaterChina”tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团
conglomerate跨行业公司
consortium国际财团
二、词语释义：
jockey:
move
isbustlingwith:
isfilledwith
giddy:
dizzy;euphoric
farfetched:
improbable;incredible
clear:
earnanetprofit
dealahardblowto:
strikeheavily
rung:
level
retaliation:
returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisal
careeroutofcontrol:
runoutofcontrol
三、句子翻译：
WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina"smost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Beijinghascutthisyear"sgrowthtargetfrom10to8.5percent,inanefforttokeeptheeconomyfromcareeringoutofcontroljustasitwascutbackin1989and1990whenitoverheated.
LessonfourTheEconomicScene:
AGlobalPerspective
一、术语：
centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济
marketeconomy市场经济
disinflationary（anti-inflationary）policies反通货膨胀政策
deflation通货紧缩
short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率
commoditymarket商品市场
nominal（dollar）terms名义（美元）价
constant（dollar）terms不变（美元）价
businesscycle商业周期
weightedaverage加权平均数
hardcurrencies硬通货
fiscaladjustment财政调整
portfolioinvestment有价证券投资
marketdiversification市场多元化
tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策
exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值
accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策
yieldcurve收益曲线
percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值
GATT:
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定
EMS:
EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系
GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP平减指数）
CMEA（Comecon）:
CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance经互会
LIBOR:
LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率
二、词语释义：
inarow:
insuccession
easing:
slowingdown;decrease
momentum:
forceofmovement
underlying:
beingatthebasisof
slackening:
slowingofspeed
compound:
worsen
moderateinflation:
easeinflation
robust:
strongandhealthy
setbacks:
frustrations
slump:
depression
edgedown:
moveslowlydown
depreciation:
devaluation
spike:
abruptincrease
pick-up:
recovery
reinin:
control
bottoming-out:
reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain（止跌回升）
三、句子翻译：
AlthoughtheweaknessindemandintheUnitedStatesledtoasharpdeclineinshort-termdollarinterestrates—apositivedevelopmentformanydevelopingcountries—italsocontributedtoadropofover6percentinnonoilcommoditypricesandtoaslackening,to3percent,inthegrowthofworldtrade.IncreasinglybuoyantintraregionaltradeinEastAsiamaybeviewedasevidenceofanongoingprocessof“market-oriented”regionalintegration,adevelopmentthatcouldpartiallyoffsetlacklusterprogressintheareaofmultilateraltradeagreements.
LessonFiveU.S.isPreparedtoSeeTradeRelationsWorsen
一、术语：
traderepresentative贸易谈判代表
governmentprocurement政府采购
NAFTA（NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreements）北美自由贸易协定
tradesanctions贸易制裁
tradehawks贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物
二、词语释义：
tough:
uncompromising（不妥协的，强硬的）
discrimination:
unfairtreatment
sanctions:
penalty
escalate:
develop;intensify
frictions:
conflicts
procurement:
purchase
bebulliedintodoing:
beforcedtodo
isawaketo:
isconsciousof
amenableto:
responsiveto
araggedstart:
apoorstart
三、句子翻译：
Administrationofficialsseelittleriskthatthismoreaggressivepolicycouldescalateintoafull-fledgedtradewarthatwouldshocktheworld"sfragileeconomies.Thus,theadministrationwillnotbedeterredbycomplaintsthatithasmovedto“protectionism.”Insomeways,Mr.Clintonandhisadvisersarefollowingthesamewell-trodpathastheBushadministration,whichthreatenedsanctionsagainsttheCommunitylastyearandwalkedawayfromGATTnegotiationsratherthansignanagreementthatwouldprovideonlysmallgainsforU.S.companies.
《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（三）！
！
！
LessonfourTheEconomicScene:
AGlobalPerspective
一、术语：
centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济
marketeconomy市场经济
disinflationary（anti-inflationary）policies反通货膨胀政策
deflation通货紧缩
short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率
commoditymarket商品市场
nominal（dollar）terms名义（美元）价
constant（dollar）terms不变（美元）价
businesscycle商业周期
weightedaverage加权平均数
hardcurrencies硬通货
fiscaladjustment财政调整
portfolioinvestment有价证券投资
marketdiversification市场多元化
tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策
exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值
accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策
yieldcurve收益曲线
percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值
GATT:
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定
EMS:
EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系
GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP平减指数）
CMEA（Comecon）:
CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance经互会
LIBOR:
LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率
二、词语释义：
inarow:
insuccession
easing:
slowingdown;decreasemomentum:
forceofmovement
underlying:
beingatthebasisof
slackening:
slowingofspeed
compound:
worsen
moderateinflation:
easeinflation
robust:
strongandhealthy
setbacks:
frustrations
slump:
depression
edgedown:
moveslowlydown
depreciation:
devaluation
spike:
abruptincrease
pick-up:
recovery
reinin:
control
bottoming-out:
reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain（止跌回升）
三、句子翻译：
AlthoughtheweaknessindemandintheUnitedStatesledtoasharpdeclineinshort-termdollarinterestrates—apositivedevelopmentformanydevelopingcountries—italsocontributedtoadropofover6percentinnonoilcommoditypricesandtoaslackening,to3percent,inthegrowthofworldtrade.IncreasinglybuoyantintraregionaltradeinEastAsiamaybeviewedasevidenceofanongoingprocessof“market-oriented”regionalintegration,adevelopmentthatcouldpartiallyoffsetlacklusterprogressintheareaofmultilateraltradeagreements.
外刊串讲（四）
LessonSixEcon
升级会员 