完整版历年6级阅读真题整理版.docx

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完整版历年6级阅读真题整理版

历年英语六级阅读真题（2012,6---2006,12）

2012年12月英语六级阅读真题

（1）PassageOne

AmidallthejoblossesoftheGreatRecession,thereisonecategoryofworkerthattheeconomicdisruptionhasbeengoodfor:

nonhumans.

Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatthesupermarkettoindustrialrobotsarmedwithsawsandtaughttocarveupanimalcarcassesinslaughter-houses,theseever-more-intelligentmachinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.

Automationisn'jutstaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificialintelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocuments,workthatpreviouslywasperformedbyhighlypaidhumanlawyers.

“Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwhite-collarjobsareunderattackbymicroprocessors,sa”ysEdwardLeamer,aneconomicsprofessoratUCLA'sAndersonSchoolofManagementanddirectoroftheUCLAAndersonForecast,asurveyoftheU.S.andCaliforniaeconomies.Leamersaystherecessionpermanentlywipedout2.5millionjobs.U.S.grossdomesticproducthasclimbedbacktopre-recessionlevels,meaningwe'reproducin

muchasbefore,onlywith6percentfewerworkers.Tobesure,roboticsarenottheonlyjobkillersoutthere,withoutsourcingstealingfarmore

gigsthanautomation.

JeffBurnstein,presidentoftheRoboticsIndustryAssociation,a

tradegroupinAnnArbor,Mich.,arguesthatrobotsactuallysaveU.S.

workers,butthat

jobs.Hislogic:

companiesthatembraceautomationmightusefewerstill'bestterthanfiringeveryoneandmovingtheworkoverseas.

It'snotthatrobotsarecheaperthanhumans,thoughoftentheyare.It'sthattheyarebetter.“Insomecasesthequalityrequireme

stringentthatevenifyouwantedtohaveahumandothejob,youcouldn't,”Burnsteinsays.

Samegoesforsurgeons,whoareusingroboticsystemstoperformanever-growinglistofoperations—notbecausethemachinessavemoneybutbecause,thankstothegreaterprecisionofrobots,thepatientsrecoverinlesstimeandhavefewercomplications,saysDr.MyriamCuret.

Surgeonsmaysurvivetherobotinvasion,butothersatthehospitalmightnotbesolucky,asiRobot,makeroftheRoomba,arobotvacuumcleaner,hasbeenshowingoffAva,athree-foot-talldroidonwheelsthatcarriesatabletcomputer.iRobotreckonsAvacouldbeusedasacourierinahospital.Andonceyou'rehome,recovering,Avacouldletyou

toyourdoctor,sothere'snoneedtosendsomeonetoyourhouse

“mobiletelepresence”couldbeusefulattheoffice.Ifyou

trip,youcanstillattendameeting.Justconnectviavideoconferencingsoftware,soyourfaceappearsonAva'sscreen.

Isanyjobsafe?

Iwashopingtosay

journalist,

butres

arealreadydevelopingalgorithmsthatcangatherfactsandwriteanewsstory.Whichmeansthatafewyearsfromnow,arobotcouldbewritingthiscolumn.Andwhowillreadit?

Well,theremightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.

（2）PassageTwo

You'venowhearditsomanytimes,youcanprobablyrepeatitinyoursleep.PresidentObamawillnodoubtmakethepointpubliclywhenhegetstoBeijing:

theChineseneedtospendmore;theyneedtoconsumemore;theyneed—believeitornot—tobecomemorelikeAmericans,forthesakeoftheglobaleconomy.

Andit'salltrue.ButtheothersideofthatequationisthattheU.S.needstosavemore.Forthemoment,Americanhouseholdsactuallyaredoingso.Afterthepersonal-savingsratedippedtozeroin2005,theshockoftheeconomiccrisislastyearpromptedpeopletosnapshuttheirwallets.

InChina,thehousehold-savingsrateexceeds20%.Itispartlyforpolicyreasons.Aswe'veseen,wageearnersareexpectedtocarefornotonlytheirchildrenbutalsotheiragingparents.Andthereis,todate,onlytheflimsiest（脆弱的）ofpublicly-fundedhealthcareandpensionsystems,whichincreasesincentivesforindividualstosavewhiletheyareworking.ButChinaisasocietythathaslongesteemedpersonalfinancialprudenee（谨慎）forcenturies.Thereisnochaneethatwillchangeanytimesoon,evenifthegovernmentcreatesabettersocialsafetynetandsuccessfullyencouragesgreaterconsumerspending.

WhydoestheU.S.needtolearnalittlefrugality（节俭）.Becausehealthysavingsratesareoneofthesurestindicatorsofacountry'slong-termfinancialhealth.Highsavingslead,overtime,toincreasedinvestment,whichinturngeneratesproductivitygains,innovationandjobgrowth.Inshort,savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest.

TheU.S.governmentthusneedstoactaswell.Byrunningconstantdeficits,itisdis-saving,evenashouseholdssavemore.PeterOrszag,Obama'sBudgetDirector,recentlycalledtheU.S.budgetdeficitsunsustainableandhe'sright.Todate,theU.S.hasseemedunabletohavewhatIndianaGovernorMitchDanielshascalledan"adultconversation"abouttheconsequencesofspendingsomuchmorethanistakenin.Thatneedstochange.AndthoughHuJintaoandtherestoftheChineseleadershiparen'tinclinedtolecturevisitingPresidents,hemightgentlyhintthatBeijingisgettingalittlenervousaboutthevalueofthedollar—whichhasfallen15%sinceMarch,inlargepartbecauseofincreasingfearsthatAmerica'sdebtloadisbecomingunmanageable.

That'swhathappenswhenyou'retheworld'sbiggestcreditor:

yougettodrophintslikethat,whichwouldbeenoughbythemselvestocreateinternationaleconomicchaosiftheywereeverleaked.（EverytimeanyofficialinBeijingdeliberatelypubliclyaboutseekingan

alternativetotheU.S.dollarforthe$2.1trillionChinaholdsinreserve,currencytradershaveaheartattack.）IfAmericanssavedmoreandspentless,consistentlyovertime,theywouldn'thavetoworryaboutallthat.

2012年6月英语六级阅读真题

（3）PassageOne

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowtheIong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical（不道德的）behavioringeneral.

“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffort

inaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anass

professoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.

Itturnsoutthere

'snoeconomicbenefittojusth^wnguajustal

getapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycasehaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam'suseofsuch

newsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal（反驳）paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:

“-Goahgisnot

goingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”

ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidenee”lir

goal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Eve

effectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,says.

“Goatettingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”

says.

（4）Passagetwo

Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest'soverlyindebtedandslug经济滞长的）nationslearnfrom

Justafewdecadesago,Asia

'stwogiantsweresta|tn不n前（）

aflourishingAsia?

underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabegan

embracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalaneedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.”

ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment---followingRonaldRegan'sideathat“governmentisn