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六级真题阅读
2014年6月英语六级阅读考点分析和解题思路解析
一、重新审视大纲要求
要求考生阅读若干篇短文。
每篇短文后有若干个问题。
考生应根据文章内容得出最佳答案。
选材原册
1、题材广泛,可以包括人物传记、社会、文化等方面,但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解;
2、体裁多样,可以包括说明文、议论文等;
评析:
在备考中,应该练习多题材的文章,包括生活话题、经济类话题、环境话题,以及还有热点话题等,熟悉各种题材的文章结构和作者的表述,特别要关注议论文的结构模式,把握议论文的逻辑顺序。
阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力
A、辨别和理解中心思想和重要细节
1、理解明确表达的概念和细节、文章的总体结构以及句子和段落的关系评析:
细节题的考查方向
2、理解隐含的表达意思(如判断、推理和总结等)评析:
推论题的考查方向
3、理解所读材料的主旨和大意(如找出能概括全文的要点等)评析:
主旨题的考查方向
4、理解作者的观点和态度评析:
态度题的考查方向
5、理解词语(如根据上下文猜测词和短语的意思)、句间关系(如原因、结果、目的等)
评析:
猜词题的考查方向
二、阅读过程四步走
1、扫描题干,划出关键词。
选项不要看,用时越短越好。
2、通读全文,抓住中心。
3、仔细审题,返回原文。
关键:
定位。
定位的三大原则:
(1)关键词定位原则:
由题干出发,寻找题干中的关键词,首选大写字母、数字等,其次是表时间地点人物的词。
(2)自然段定位原则:
出题顺序与文章段落顺序大体一致。
(3)出题点定位原则:
答案一定蕴涵在有特殊标点符号、句式列举、强转折逻辑关系的地方。
4、重叠选项,斟酌答案。
(1)缩小范围的是答案。
(2)扩大范围的不是答案。
(3)原文和选项有交叉内容的不是答案。
(4)不相关的不能选。
即,只要选项中有文章中未出现内容就错。
注意,将文章中的每一个选项带回文章一一查对,不要凭印象猜测。
六级阅读答题攻略
六级与四级的区别:
一、词——词汇量5500。
二、句——出题考长句子。
三、段——所有句子都认识,但不知道整段的意思。
But,Yet,However转折连词后面是重点,常考点。
四、选项——有迷惑选项,不像四级那么清晰。
原文重现:
原文告诉你选什么,你就应该选什么,不能凭感觉和想象。
尽量少读:
六级更多的对点出题,而不是对面出题。
六级题型:
1.主旨题(SumUp/Title)--看文章每段第一句
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?
A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.
B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.
C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.
D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.
注:
文章三段第一句都出现automation,两段出现labour,因此这两个词是重点,必然在选项中出现。
(B)Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".
注:
refersto下定义
Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.
注:
labour雇员
Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.
注:
union工会,和雇员有关
2.词汇题——找词所在句子关系
转折关系。
例如:
六级很难,但是……,找转折连词But,Yet,However。
并列关系。
例如:
AandB,问A就把B内容填进去。
解释关系。
用because和从句inwhich等联系。
例如:
30.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson______.
A)whoservesasamodelforothers
B)whoisalwayssuccessful
C)whocanbedependedupon
D)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess
(文章前四段省略)
(A)Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.
注:
把握and前后是并列关系。
3.细节题--直接细节、因果推理、暗示
例如:
31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago____________.
A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories
B)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees
C)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers
D)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers
(D)
34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis_______.
A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee
B)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations
C)moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations
D)asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization
Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:
middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.
Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿记).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.
4.作者态度题(attitude)——正负态度
凡是文章探讨新事物——正态度
凡是文章探讨老事物——负态度
例外:
中立题
25.Thewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis______.
A)affectionate
B)disapproving
C)approving
D)neutral
●例子:
例子必出题。
文章有论点-论据-论证,例子是论证,用来支持论点,所以简而言之,例子本身不重要,但前后论点极其重要。
例子开始的标志:
forexample,后面跟着大写、时间、年代,依然是举例内容。
例子含义的标志:
show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearly
[Page72]
IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies'livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990's,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(猫头鹰),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters-andtheowls-wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.
注:
1.controversial的意思是受争议的,同“sharplypoliticalissue”,contro表示“反”
2.forexample前句子是重点
3.problematic悬而未决的
Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使穷困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.
注:
1.tension张力,冲突
2.看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。
3.But转折是重点
ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth'sozonelayer(臭氧层),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweblife.
36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversial
issue?
A)Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.
B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.
C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.
注:
细节题。
第一段economicinterests
●表示绝对的词--出现在文章中,是非常重要的出题点;如果出现在选项中,很可能是不对的。
全无:
non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither...nor
全有:
all-every-full-either…
唯一:
only-exactly-best-most
37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.
A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.
B)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountri