新外延版高中英语必修一U5讲义.docx
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新外延版高中英语必修一U5讲义
Unit5Intothewild
SectionI
重点词汇
Point1,2measure;position
教材P50》Itusesitseyestomeasurethepositionofthesun.它用眼睛来测量太阳的方位。
1.measure
用法详解
(1)(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为。
此时不用于进行时和被动语态,表示此意义的短语做后置定语和状语时,要用现在分词形式。
Doyouknowthehistoryofthatbridgemeasuringaslongas200metres?
(2)vt.量,测量
Pleasestandstill.Iwillmeasureyourheight.
(3)n.措施,方法;计量标准。
常见搭配:
takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事
toone'sownmeasure按照某人自己的尺寸
Thetailormadeasuittohisownmeasure.裁缝按照他自己的尺寸做了一套西服。
语法填空
(1)(2020·福建南平期末)Sandstormsareanother__________(punish)naturegivestomankind.Weshouldnotonlytakeeffectivemeasures__________(stop)them,butalsodrawsomelessonsfromthem.
(2)ThetreeoverthereissotallthatIsupposeit__________nearlytwentymeters.(measure)
(3)Icanmakeaneveningdress__________myownmeasure.
(4)Marklivesinabigpleasantroom___________approximately5meterswideby6meterslong.(measure)
2.position
用法详解
(1)n.位置
position做先行词表示“状态,位置”时,若定语从句缺状语,应用where引导定语从句。
Wehavereachedapositionwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须做出改变的地步。
(2)vt.安置;定位
Theypositionthetaskbymeansofradar.他们用雷达定位任务。
归纳拓展
当先行词为system,case,point,position,situation,stage,condition,industry,activity,job,race,scene,circumstance,family等且关系词在从句中做地点状语时,常用where引导定语从句,表示抽象地点
当先行词为occasion等表示时间且关系词在定语从句中做时间状语时,用when引导。
语法填空
Youreachapoint___________medicinecan'thelp.
Point3determine
教材P50》Thesetwopiecesofinformation-thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky-allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在空中的方位——让黑脉金斑蝶决定它的路线。
用法详解
(1)vt.测定,确定,查明,准确算出;决定;安排
Wesetouttodeterminewhathappenedthatnight.我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
(2)v.决心(做某事),决定。
常见搭配:
_____________________________(表示动作)决心做某事,决定做某事
determineonsth.决心/决定……
Greatlyencouragedbywhattheteachersaid,theboyreturnedtohisseat,determinedtostudyharder.老师的话使男孩深受鼓舞,他回到座位上,决心更加努力地学习。
Theydeterminedonanearlystart.他们决定早点儿出发。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
语法填空
(1)(2018·北京卷改编)___________(determine)tobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".
(2)Whereheoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthe___________topushfurtherandkeepongoing.
(3)(2020·广东惠州调研)Hepatted(轻拍)meontheshoulder,witha__________(determine)look,sayingthatIhadthecapability(能力)tosucceed.
(4)(2020·四川成都校级月考)Hedidtheexperimentdayandnight,determined____________(find)outaneffective(有效的)waytotreatthedisease.
Point4amazing
教材P51》Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch'samazingabilitycomesatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.黑脉金斑蝶遭遇严重困境时它惊人的能力的奥秘才得以解开。
用法详解
amazingadj.惊人的,了不起的。
在句中做表语、定语或补语,说明主语或所修饰词的特征。
Itwasamazingthatshecouldbesocalminsuchasituation.在这种情况下她还能如此镇静,真让人感到惊讶。
归纳拓展
(1)相关词语积累:
1.用amaze的适当形式填空
(1)The_______lookonherfaceshowedthatshewas__________toseewhathadhappened.
(2)(2020·湖北武汉期中)Muchtomy_________(amaze),hewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.
(3)Theforeignersare___________bythe_________achievementsthattheChinesehavemadeinthedevelopmentofeconomy.
(4)(2020·河北石家庄期中)ItwasonlyafterwehadwatchedAmazingChinathatwerealizedwhat_________achievementsChinahasmadeinthepastfiveyears.
(5)(2020·天津静海区调研)Theexpressiononherfacesuggestedshewas________whensheheardthenews.
Point5leadto
教材P51》Theresearchonthemonarch'sbehaviourhashoweverledtoagreaterawarenessofthiscreature.不管怎样,对黑脉金斑蝶(迁徙)行为的研究让人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。
用法详解
1)导致,造成(后果)(相当于cause/bringabout/resultin)
Satingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.
Theglobalwarming,ifnotproperlycontrolled,mightleadtomorenaturaldisasters.
2)通往,通向
AllroadsleadtoRome.
归纳拓展
lead构成的其他短语:
★
leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事
leada/an...life过着……的生活
leadsb.tosomeplace领某人到某地
beinthelead/takethelead领先
leadtheway领路
语法填空
Beijingexposed(使接触)tooearlytotheforeignlanguage,accordingtosomeexperts,maylead__________someunfavorableoutcomes.
完成句子
他带路把我们领到了一个美丽的村庄。
在那里,我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。
He__________________and___________________abeautifulvillage,wherewefoundthelocalpeople__________________.
Point6survive
教材P51》Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature,thegreaterthechanceitwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome.我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多,它生存的机会以及在很长一段时间内保持它在自然界中的地位的机会就越大。
用法详解
survivev.活下来,幸存。
(表示“幸存”时,不能用于被动语态。
)
常见搭配:
___________________________从…存留下来
___________________________.(=liveonsth.)依靠……生活
survivesth.幸免于……,从……中艰难度过
特别提醒
survive用作及物动词时,本身已表示“幸存,幸免于难”,因而后面可直接加war,flood,fire,accident,earthquake,explosion,crisis等表示灾难的名词,不能再加in或from等介词。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
___________________n.幸存,生存,存活_________________n.幸存者,生还者
语法填空
(1)Masteringsomebasicskillswillgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof___________.Lastweek,thankstotheskillsheandhisfriendsucceededin______________theseverefloodsandtheyweretheonlytwo__________.(survive)
(2)(2020·湖北黄冈期末)Swifts(雨燕)arethetypicalsignofsummerintheUKandmanypeoplebelievetheir___________(arrive)markstheofficialstartoftheseason.
Point7effect
教材P52》Thenusethesentencestocompletethe"cause-effect"flowcharts.然后用句子完成“因果”流程图
用法详解
(1)n.[C,U]影响;结果;效力。
常见搭配;
_________________________________________对……有/产生影响/作用/效果
(2)v.使(某事物)发生;产生;引起
Manyparentslackconfidenceintheirabilitytoeffectchangeintheirchildren'sbehavior.许多父母对自己是否有能力改变子女的行为缺乏信心。
归纳拓展
effect构成的其他短语:
put/bring...intoeffect实行,实施
comeintoeffect开始实施,开始生效
takeeffect生效;开始实施
ineffect事实上,实际上
witheffect有效地
ofnoeffect无效的,无用的
单项填空
(2019·江苏卷)Favorablepoliciesare_______toencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.
A.ineffectB.incommandC.inturnD.inshape
语法填空
(1)Scientistsareconvinced__________thepositiveeffectoflaughter___________physicalandmentalhealth.
(2)Ourgovernmenthastaken___________(effect)measurestobandrunkendriving.
(3)Hisbadconducthadaneffect___________hisreputation.
(4)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside_________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.
句式剖析
Pattern1教材P51》Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforittofeedon.人们一直齐心协力记录它的迁徒,并确保它有足够的植物可食用。
句式剖析
havebeenworkingtogether是现在完成进行时。
考点提炼
现在完成进行时★
1.构成:
have/has+been+现在分词
2.用法
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,还可能延续下去,强调动作的延续性。
Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour,butshehasn'tcomeyet.
Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.
(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在这段时间内动作一再重复发生。
ShehasbeenphoningJimeverynightforthepasttwoweeks.
Youhavebeentellingmenottobelatealltheway.
(3)表示动作刚刚结束,该动作一般不再继续,有时会指出结果。
Ihavebeenplayingping-pongallthemorning,soI'msweating.
I'vebeenpaintingthedoor,somyhandsareverydirty.
(4)表示某种感情色彩
Youhavebeendaydreamingbutnevermakeaneffort.
单项填空
(1)—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?
—ThenewStarWars.We___________hereformorethantwohours.
A.waitedB.waitC.wouldbewaitingD.havebeenwaiting
(2)Dashan,who_________crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.
A.willbelearningB.islearningC.hadbeenlearningD.hasbeenlearning
语法填空
(1)-WhereisPeter?
Ican'tfindhimanywhere.
-Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand_________(write)hisessaythereeversince.
(2)-Tony,whyareyoureyesred?
-I_________(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.
(3)(2020·郑州十校联考高一期中)—Nancydoesn'tlookverywell.What'swrongwithher?
—Shehasaterribleheadachebecauseshe_________(work)toolong.Sheshouldstoptohaveagoodrest.
Pattern2Thesetwopiecesofinformation-thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisin
thesky-allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.
这两条信息—一天中的时刻和太阳在空中的方位—让黑脉金斑碟决定它的路线。
SectionII
Point1observe
教材P56》Oneofthebestthingsaboutthisjobisthatyoucanobserveanimalsintheirnaturalenvironment.这份工作最棒的地方之一就是你可以在动物生存的自然环境中观察它们。
用法详解
(1)vt.&vi.看到,观察。
常见搭配:
sb.doingsth.观察/看到某人正在做某事
observe+sb.dosth.观察/看到某人做某事
sth.done看到某事被做
(2)vt.遵守(规则、法律等);庆祝,庆贺
Everyoneshouldobservethelaw.每个人都应该守法。
CouldyoutellmehowyouusuallyobserveThanksgivingDayinyourcountry?
判断下列句子中observe的含义
(1)Peopleshouldobservethetrafficruleswhentheytraveltoanewplace.
(2)Thescientistdevotedmostofhislifetoobservingthebehaviorofthechimpanzees(黑猩猩).
(3)Shewasobservedtoclimboverthegatebytheteacher.
语法填空
(1)WhenIpassedbyhishouse,Iobservedhim_________(play)intheyard.
(2)Thethiefwasobserved___________(open)thewindowandrunaway.
(3)(2020·广东汕头期末)Inthefuture,wecansendrobotsequippedwithadvancedchips(芯片)todo___________(observe)forus.
Points2variety
教材P56》Yellowstoneisfamousforthevarietyofitswildlife,butitisprobablybestknownforitsbears.黄石因它各种各样的野生动物而闻名,但其中最有名的莫过于狗熊。
用法详解
avarietyof/varietiesof后接名词复数做主语时,谓语动词多用复数形式
(1)n.[U]多样化,变化
(2)n.[C](植物、语言等的)变种,变体;异体;品种。
常见搭配:
thevarietyof……的种类
a(wide)varietyof/varietiesof各种各样的……
Iwasimpressedbythevarietyofdishesonoffer.所供应的菜肴之丰盛让我叹服。
Awidevarietyofflowerswereonshowinthestreet.街上展出了各种各样的花。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
variousadj.各种不同的,各种各样的
varyvi.相异;变化,变更
varyfrom...to...从....到....不等
varywith...随……变化而变化
varyin...在……方面相异/不同
Customsvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountry.不同的国家风俗习惯差别很大。
Pricesvarywiththetypeofroomyourequire.价格随你所要求的房间类型而有所变化。
语法填空
(1)(2020·天津滨海新区联考)Thereare_________(variety)thingsonsale,soyoucanchoosewhateverinterestsyou.
(2)_________(vary)ofsolutions_________(have)beenprovidedforusto