1984版人教英语.docx

1984版人教英语.docx

《1984版人教英语.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《1984版人教英语.docx（64页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

1984版人教英语

1.HOWMARXLEARNEDFOREIGNLANGUAGES

KarlMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.HestayedinBelgiumforafewyears;thenhewenttoFrance.Beforelonghehadtomoveonagain.In1849,hewenttoEnglandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.

MarxhadlearnedsomeFrenchandEnglishatschool.WhenhegottoEngland,hefoundthathisEnglishwastoolimited.Hestartedworkinghardtoimprovedit.HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper.Infact,hisEnglishinoneofthesearticleswassogoodthatEngelswrotehimaletterandpraisedhimforit.MarxwrotebacktosaythattheEngel’spraisehadgreatlyencouragedhim.

However,hewentontoexplainthathewasnottoosureabouttwothings-thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.

Theseletterswerewrittenin1853.Intheyearsthatfollowed,MarxkeptonstudyingEnglishandusingit.Whenhewroteoneofhisgreatworks.TheCivilWarinFrance,hehadmasteredthelanguagesowellthathewasabletowritethebookinEnglish.

Inthel870s,whenManwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.AttheendofsixmonthshehadlearnedenoughtoreadarticlesandreportsinRussian.

Inoneofhisbooks,Marxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.Hesaidwhenpeoplearelearningaforeignlanguage,theyshouldnottranslateeverythingintotheirownlanguage.Iftheydothis,itshowstheyhavenotmasteredWhentheyusetheforeignlanguage,theyshouldtrytoForgerallabouttheirown.Iftheycannotdothis,theyhavenotreallylearnedthespiritoftheforeignlanguageandcannotuseitfreely.

LESSON1 HOWMARXLEARNEDFOREIGNLANGUAGES

马克思怎样学习外语

　　KarlMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.HestayedinBelgiumforafewyears;thenhewenttoFrance.Beforelonghehadtomoveonagain.In1849,hewenttoEnglandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.

　　MarxhadlearnedsomeFrenchandEnglishatschool.WhenhegottoEngland,hefoundthathisEnglishwastoolimited.Hestartedworkinghardtoimproveit.HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper. Infact,hisEnglishinoneofthesearticleswassogoodthatEngelswrotehimaletterandpraisedhimforit. MarxwrotebacktosaythatEngels'praisehadgreatlyencouragedhim.However,hewentontoexplainthathewasnottoosureabouttwothings--thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.

　　Theseletterswerewrittenin1853.Intheyearsthatfollowed,MarxkeptonstudyingEnglishandusingit.Whenhewroteoneofhisgreatworks,TheCivilWarinFrance,hehadmasteredthelanguagesowellthathewasabletowritethebookinEnglish.

　　Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.AttheendofsixmonthshehadlearnedenoughtoreadarticlesandreportsinRussian.

　　Inoneofhisbooks,Marxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage. Hesaidwhenpeoplearelearningaforeignlanguage,theyshouldnottranslateeverythingintotheirownlanguage.Iftheydothis,itshowstheyhavenotmasteredit.Whentheyusedtheforeignlanguage,theyshouldtrytoforgetallabouttheirown.Iftheycannotdothis,theyhavenotreallylearnedthespiritoftheforeignlanguageandcannotuseitfreely.

LESSON2 ATHOMEINTHEFUTURE

未来的家

   Amedicalexaminationwithoutadoctorornurseintheroom?

Doingshoppingathome?

Borrowingbooksfromthelibrarywithoutleavingyourhome?

   Theseideasmayseemstrangetoyou.Butscientistsareworkinghardtoturnthemintorealities.

   Letussupposewecanvisitahomeattheendofthiscentury.WewillvisitaboynamedCharlieGreen.Heisnotfeelingwellthismorning.Hismother,MrsGreen,wantsthedoctortoseehim.Thatis,shewantsthedoctortolistentohim.ShebringsasetofwirestoCharlie'sroom.Thesewiresarecalledsensors.Sheplacesonesensorinhismouthandoneonhischest.Sheputsanotheronearoundhiswristandoneonhisforehead.Thensheplugsthesensorsintoawalloutlet.Shesaysthecode"TCP".Thismeans"telephonecallplaced."Alittlelightflashesonthewall.TheGreen'swirelesstelephoneisreadyforacall.

   MrsGreensays"2478",thedoctor'stelephonenumber.Fromaspeakeronthewallcomesthedoctor'svoice:

"Goodmorning."

   "Goodmorning,DrScott,"answersMrsGreen."Charlieisn'tfeelingtoowellthismorning.I'veputthesensorsonhim.Iwonderifyoucanexaminehimnow."

   "Sure,"thedoctor'svoicesays."Well,hedoesn'thaveafever.Andhispulseisfine.Now,breathedeeply,Charlie."

   Charliedoesso.

   "Justalittlecold,"saysthedoctor."Betterstayinsidetoday,Charlie.Andtakeiteasy."

   "Thankyou,Doctor,"saysMrsGreen."TCC（telephonecallcompleted）."Thelightonthewallturnsoff.Thephonecallandtheexaminationarefinished.

   "Charlie,"saysMrsGreen,"sinceyouhavetostayathome,whydon'tyoudosomeshopping?

Youcanpickoutyournewbicycle.Afterall,yourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway."

   "Great,"Charlieanswers.

   Charlieandhismothersitinfrontofoneofthevisionphones.Thereareseveralintheirhouse.

   "TCP,"saysCharlie.Thewordreadyappearsonthescreenofthevisionphone.

   "NewForestBicycleShop,"avoicesays."MayIhelpyou?

"

   Charlieanswers,"I'dliketoseeyourten-speedbicycles."

   Inthenextfewminutes,picturesofmanymodelsofthebicyclesareflashedonthecreen.Thepriceofeachmodelisalsoshown.

   Thenthevoiceasks,"Areyouinterestedinanyofthesemodels?

"

   "Yes,I'minterestedinmodel6."

   "Doyouwishtoplaceanorderatthistime?

"

   "Notjustyet,"answersMrsGreen."Myson'sbirthdayisintwoweeks'time.Thankyou.TCC."

   Thevisionphoneshutsoff.

   Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.

LESSON3 THEBLINDMENANDTHEELEPHANT

盲人和象

　　OnceuponatimethereweresixblindmenwholivedinavillageinIndia.Everydaytheywenttotheroadnearbyandstoodtherebegging.Theyhadoftenheardofelephants,buttheyhadneverseenone,for,beingblind,howcouldthey?

　　Onemorninganelephantwasleddowntheroadwheretheystood.Whentheyheardthatanelephantwaspassingby,theyaskedthedrivertostopthebeastsothattheycouldhavea"look".

　　Ofcoursetheycouldnotlookathimwiththeireyes,buttheythoughttheymightlearnwhatkindofanimalhewasbytouchingandfeelinghim.For,yousee,theytrusttheirownsenseoftouchverymuch.

　　Thefirstblindmanhappenedtoplacehishandontheelephant'sside."Well,well,"hesaid."Thisbeastisexactlylikeawall."

　　Thesecondgraspedoneoftheelephant'stusksandfeltit."You'requitemistaken,"hesaid."He'sroundandsmoothandsharp.He'smorelikeaspearthananythingelse."

　　Thethirdhappenedtotakeholdoftheelephant'strunk."You'rebothcompletelywrong,"hesaid."Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee."

　　Thefourthopenedbothhisarmstheclosedthemaroundoneoftheelephant'slegs."Oh,howblindyouare!

"hecried."It'sveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree."

　　Thefifthwasaverytallman,andhecaughtoneoftheelephant'sears."Eventheblindestpersonmustseethatthiselephantisn'tlikeanyofthethingsyouname."hesiad."He'sexactlylikeahugefan."

　　Thesixthmanwentforwardtofeeltheelephant.Hewasoldandslowandittookhimquitesometimetofindtheelephantatall.Atlasthegotholdofthebeast'stail."Oh,howsillyyouallare!

"criedhe."Theelephantisn'tlikeawall,oraspear,orasnake,oratree;neitherishelikeafan.Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope."

　　Thenthedriverandtheelephantmovedon,andthesixmensatbytheroadsideallday,quarrellingabouttheelephant.Theycouldnotagreewithoneanother,becauseeachbelievedthatheknewjustwhatthebeastlookedlike.

　　Itisnotonlyblindmenwhomakesuchstupidmistakes.Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.

LESSON4 GALILEOANDARISTOTLE

伽利略和亚里斯多德

　　About2300yearsago,therelivedinGreeceagreatthinkernamedAristotle.Heobservedthatfeathersfelltothegroundslowly,whilestonesfellmuchfaster.Hethoughtitovercarefullyandconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.Hisconclusioncertainlysoundedreasonale.Butwenowknowthatitisnottrue.

　　Inthosedayspeopleseldomdidexperimentstotesttheirideas.Whentheyobservedanythingthathappened,theythoughtaboutitandthendrewaconclusion.OnceAristotlemadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.AndbecausehewasAristotle,thegreatthinker,noonequestionedhisideaforalmost2000years.

　　Then,almost400yearsago,anItalianscientistnamedGalileobegantoquestionAristotle'stheoryoffallingobjects.HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.HedecidedtodosomeexperimentstotestAristotle'stheory.

　　GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.FromthetopofthetowerGalileodroppedalightballandaheavyballatexactlythesametime.Theybothfellataboutthesamespeedandhitthegroundtogether.Hetriedtheexperimentsagainandagain.Ev