形容词副词.docx
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形容词副词
形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表:
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
1、单音节词末尾加-er和-est
伟大的great
greater
greatest
2、单音节词如以-e结尾,只加-r和-st
brave勇敢的
fine好的
braver
finer
bravest
finest
3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-est
big大的
hot熟的
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结构的双音节词,末尾加-er,和-est(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则y变为i,再加-er和-est。
以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)
happy快乐的
clever聪明的
narrow狭窄的
able能
happier
cleverer
narrower
alber
happiest
cleverest
narrowest
ablest
5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most.
difficult困难的
moredifficult
mostdifficult
形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表
原级
比较级
最高级
good
well
better
best
bad
ill
worse
worst
many
much
more
most
little
few
less
least
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
old
older
elder
oldest
eldest
late
latter
later
last
latest
副词的用法
(1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
Hestudiesveryhard.(作状语)
Lifehereisfullofjoy.(作定语)
Whenwillyoubeback?
(作表语)
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。
常见的时间副词有:
nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。
例如:
Heoftencomestoschoollate.
Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?
HeisneverbeentoBeijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。
常见的地点副词有:
here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。
例如:
Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.
Hewentupstairs.
Putdownyournamehere.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?
”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。
常见的方式副词有:
anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。
例如:
Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.
Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.
Thebirdsareflyinghigh.
Herunsveryfast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。
常见的程度副词有:
much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。
例如:
Herpronunciationisverygood.
Shesingsquitewell.
Icanhardlyagreewithyou.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。
常见的疑问副词有:
how,when,where,why等。
例如:
Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?
Wherewereyouyesterday?
Whydidyoudothat?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。
如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。
例如:
MrSmithworksveryhard.
ShespeaksEnglishwell.
2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。
例如:
Heusuallygetsupearly.
I’veneverheardhimsinging.
Sheisseldomill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。
例如:
Itisaratherdifficultjob.
Herunsveryfast.
Hedidn’tworkhardenough.
4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:
Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.
Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。
Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
例如:
Sheisaverynicegirl
I’mfeelingmuchbetternow.
Much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。
例如:
Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.
2)too,either
这两个副词都表示“也”,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。
例如:
Shecandance,andIcandance,too.
Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.
3)already,yet
already一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。
例如:
Hehasalreadyleft.
Haveyouheardfromhimyet?
Hehasn’tansweredyet.
4)so,neither都可用于倒装句,但so表示肯定,neither表示否定。
eg:
MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.
Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.
形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。
1)原级常用于“as+原级+as”结构
Helikesherasmuchashelikeshissister.
否定的原级用notas…as或notso…as,二者一般无甚区别。
Hedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisbrother.
2)比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构.
Heistallerthanme.
否定比较与否定原级一样,也用notas(so)…as…结构,也可用less…than结构.
ThiswordislessfrequentinBritishEnglishthaninAmericanEnglish.
3)两个人或物比较时,定冠词the+比较级表示最高级。
Heisthetallerofthetwo.
4)最高级常用于“the+最高级+比较范围”结构,比较范围为短语或从句。
Heisthebestpictureinthehall.
5)含有否定词的比较级,如
(1)nolessthan=asmuch(ormany)as“不亚于”
notlessthan=atleast“至少”
(2)noless…than=as…as“和……一样”
notless+原级+than“至少不亚于”
(3)nomore…than=not…anymorethan“和……一样不……”
notmore…than=notso…as“不像……那样……”
(4)nomorethan=only“只不过”,言其少
notmorethan=atmost“不多于”,“至少”
6)表示“几倍于”用twice(两倍),threetimes(三倍)+as…as,
Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchastheotherone.
7)the+比较级……,the+比较级,意思是“越……就越”,如:
Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwilllearn.
8)比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰,如as…as前可用almost,nearly,just(about),quite等词语修饰,如,
Johnisalmostastallashisfather.
9)在morethan结构之前可用far,(so)verymuch,(quite)alot,agreatdeal,(just)abit,still,far等词语修饰,如:
HespeaksEnglishalotmorerapidlythanhedoesFrench.
10)比较级+and+比较级,作“越来……越”解,如:
Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.
练习
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。
smalllateshortnicetalllargeyoung
heavylongearlystrongeasyightbusymany/much
lowslowlyhighprettyslowfunnyfast
dirtyhighbeautifulhardinterestingcheapexpensivebrightimportantdarkdifferentcoolold
excitedfatgood/wellbigbad/illthinfarhot
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。
1.Mybrotheristwoyears_________(old)thanme.
2.Isyoursister_________(young)thanyou?
Yes,sheis.
3.Whois__________(thin),youorHelen?
Helenis.
4.Whosepencil-boxis_________(big),yoursorhers?
Hersis.
5.Benjumps________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.
6.DoesNancysing__________(well)thanHelen?
Yes,shedoes.
7.Myeyesare__________(big)thanhers.
8.Whichis__________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?
9.Whogetsup________(early),TimorTom?
10.Dothegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?
No,they______.
11.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).
三、选择正确的词填空。
Sarahis12years________(old,older).Sheisoneyear________(older,oldest)thanme.ButIam0.1meter________(taller,tallest)thanher.ShestudiesinGuangzhouinterationalShool.Shestudies________(harder,hardest)inherclass.Everyonelikesher.
Yesterday,shewasill.Shetooksomemedicineandshefeels________(good,better)now.
四、选择。
()1.Theyellowshoesarethantheblueones.
A.expensiveB.expensiverC.moreexpensive
()2.Acowisbiggerthanamouse.
A.muchB.moreC.many
()3.Who’sthe,Jean,JoanorJennet?
A.thinnerB.thinestC.thinnest
()4.TimisthanJack.
A.funnyB.muchfunnyC.funnier
()5.I’mtallerthanothersinmyclass.I’m
.
A.tallB.tallestC.thetallest
()6.WhocansingbetterRose?
A.thanB.thenC./
()7.Ihavebooksthanyouhave.
A.manyB.muchC.more
()8.Hisuncle’shouseisvery.
A.oldB.olderC.oldest
()9.Mybikeisbuthisbikeis.
A.new,newB.new,newerC.new,newest
()10.Pleasecleanyourroom.It’snow.
A.cleanB.dirtyC.tidy
五、翻译句子。
1.谁比Jim年纪大?
是你。
________is_________thanJim?
________are
2.谁比David更强壮?
是GaoShan._________________thanDavid?
GaoShan________.
3.谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?
我想是她的。
_________pencilis________,______or________?
________is,Ithink.
4.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。
YangLing________to_______________thanSuYangeveryday.
5.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?
不,我比他放得低。
____you_______thekite_____thanWangBing?
No,I_____it_____than_____.
6.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My__________up_____thanme.
7.她不擅长体育。
但我跳得没有她高。
Shedoesn’t_________inPE.ButIdon’t___________than_____.
练习2:
()1Nowadayssciencefictionisn’tas____________ascartoonsamongteenagers.
A.popularB.morepopularC.lesspopularD.themostpopular
()2.WearegladtoseethatShanghaiisdeveloping________theseyearsthaneverbefore
A.quicklyB.lessquicklyC.morequicklyD.themostquickly
()3.Thecheesecaketastedso______thatthekidsaskedformore.
A.deliciousB.wellC.badD.badly
()4.—Whydidn’tyouenjoythetalk?
—Itwas________talkthatIhadeverlistenedto.
A.themostinterestingB.theleastinteresting
C.moreinterestingD.1essinteresting
()5.GuoYuedidquite_______attheWorldTableTennisChampionship(锦标赛),butZhang
Yiningdideven_____.
A.better;wellB.well;well
C.well;betterD.better;better
()6.—Whosepictureisbetter,Jack’sorTom’s?
—Bothofthemaregood.IthinkJackdrawsTom.
A.asgoodasB.aswellas
C.betterthanD.worsethan
()7.Itgetsveryhereinsummer.
A.coolB.coldC.warmD.hot
()8.Be________,andyouwilldowellintheEnglishexam.
A.carefulB.politeC.sureD.friendly
()9.LinTaoisgoodatallthesubjectsatschool,_________English.
A.reallyB.mostlyC.especiallyD.exactly
()10.—Thecoatistooexpensive.—Look,here'sanotherone.It's_________andnicer.
A.dearerB.cheaperC.olderD.longer
()11.ThepopulationofTianjinis__________thanthatofShanghai.
AlargerBlessCsmallerDfewer
()12.It’sraining_________.Wehavetostayathomeinsteadofgoingfishing.
AbadlyBhardlyCheavilyDstrongly
()13.Kateisas_________asMaria.
A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest
()14.Shelooksvery________.Ithinksheneedstohavearest.
A.tiredB.hardC.wellD.hardly
()15.--Tomisterriblyill.
--We’dbettersendhimtohospitalas_____aswecan.
A.slowlyB。
quicklyC。
quietlyD.easily
()16.--DoyouliketheMoonlightSonata?
--Sure,itsoundsreally________
A.clearB.clearlyC.beautifulD.beautifully
()17.Supermarketsarenecessary.Peopleusuallyspend_____timefindingthingstheywant,
buttheyusuallyspend_____moneythantheywant.
A.less;lessB.less;moreC.fewer;lessD.fewer;more
()18.“Doyouwanttoimproveyourscoreinmath?
Trystayingawayfromyourcomputer!
”ArecentreportinBritainsays,“The_____studentsusecomputeratschoolandathome,the_____theydoinexamsofreadingandmath.”
A.more;betterB.less;worseC.more;moreD.less;better
()19.HespeaksEnglish______anAmerican,soweallbelievethathehasstayedinAmericaformanyyears.
A.asgoodasB.worsethanC.asbadlyasD.aswellas
()20.----TheTVprogrammeisboring.Shallweplaychessinstead?
----Allrig