词语翻译技巧的灵活性.docx

词语翻译技巧的灵活性.docx

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词语翻译技巧的灵活性

Descriptionsofmytranslationmaterials

OneofmytranslationmaterialsisanexcerptofanewsreportaboutgettingBinLadenfromNewYork.ItisthelargestmetropolitannewspaperintheUnitedStates.Nicknamedthe"GrayLady"foritsstaidappearanceandstyle,itisoftenregardedasanewspaperofrecordintheUnitedStates,meaningthatitisfrequentlyrelieduponastheofficialandauthoritativereferenceformodernevents.ThenameisoftenabbreviatedtoTheTimes,butshouldnotbeconfusedwithTheTimes,whichispublishedintheUnitedKingdom.Thereportiswritteninthesequenceoftime,whichincludessettingcausedevelopmentclimaxresultoftheactivity.Whenreferringtopeople,thereportusescourtesytitles,ratherthanunadornedlastnames.Itsheadlinestendtobethin,and,formajorstories,comewithsubheadingsgivingfurtherdetails,althoughitismovingawayfromthisstyle.Thereportisapieceoftypicalnewsaboutcurrentaffairsofthepaper,whichisinterestingall-sidedandgood-structured.Anothermaterialisanarticleaboutatheoryofenterpriseabilityandenterprisestrategyalliance.ThearticleisathesisofalearnerinBusinessManagementfield.Theauthorintroducesanewtheoryonenterpriseabilityandenterprisestrategyallianceinthewholethesis.Atfirst,heexplainswhatenterpriseabilityisandthesituationofenterpriseabilitydefects.Thenhecontinuestotellusthreechoiceswhenfacedwithenterpriseabilitydefects.Thefirstchoice:

enterprisecanmakeupforthegapbetweentheabilitysystemandthegoalofactivitybyaccumulation.Thesecondchoice:

enterprisecanmakeupfordisabilitiesthroughthemergeroracquisitionforexternalability.Thelast:

developenterpriseabilityandimproveenterpriseabilitystructurebyallianceandcorporation.Thenthewriternarratesthekeyabilityofanenterpriseandtheenterprisestrategyalliance.Finally,heendsupwiththedevelopmentofenterprisedynamicalabilityandenterprisestrategyalliance.Thearticlefocusesontheenterpriseabilityandstrategyalliance.Theauthorappliesalotofeconomytheoryandthepropernoun.Soitishardtounderstandtotally.Butthematerialsareupdateandpractical.Inoneword,mytranslationmaterialsareappropriatetoexercisemytranslationskills.

词语翻译技巧的灵活性

摘要

英国翻译理论学家纽马克（PeterNewmark）在其ATextbookofTranslation中写道：

Whatistranslation?

Often,thoughtnotbyanymeansalways,itisrendingthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaythattheauthorintendedthetext.[1]不难看出，纽马克是从原作者的意义视角来定义的。

美国翻译理论学家尤金.奈达（EugeneNida）在其TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation中这样定义，他说：

Translatingconsistsinproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermofmeaningandsecondlyintermofstyle.[2]很明显，奈达的定义强调信息对等，风格相似。

中国学者张培基认为“翻译就是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容准确而完整地从新的表达出来的活动。

”可见这里的翻译被看成是一种语言的转换活动。

翻译其实质是一种语言的翻译活动或行为。

其学习和研究的重点是：

（1）翻译的运作过程；

（2）翻译的方法和技巧；（3）翻译的评价标准；（4）翻译实践。

[3]由于语言建构上的差别，从一种语言转化成另一种语言时，原语的意义可能会被删减或改变，所以翻译是一件十分困难的事情。

那么翻译到底有没有一种理论呢?

对此翻译的科学派和艺术派持有不同的意见。

我认为翻译既是科学又是艺术，之所以说它是艺术，是因为翻译是一门十分讲究技巧的实践性很强的科学。

艺术的本质是技巧，只有通过反复实践练习，才可以达到“炉火纯青”的熟练程度。

之所以说翻译是科学，是因为它有一定的规律和特殊法可以遵循。

而这种规律需要学习和研究。

现在，中国与西方英语区国家的经济政治文化交流交往日益密切，对翻译人才极其稀缺。

国际形势风云变化，对信息的及时掌握对国家的命运至关重要，时事新闻的翻译和经济领域的研究成果显得尤为重要。

我们应当给予重视。

本文是笔者在翻译学习的过程中总结的经验。

关键词：

语言差异；词义；灵活性；策略

Abstract

PeterwritesinhisTextbookofTranslation“Whatistranslation?

Often,thoughtnotbyanymeansalways,itisrendingthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaythattheauthorintendedthetext.”[1]Newmarkapaysattentiontothemeaningoforiginalauthor.ButEugeneNidaclaimshisviewinTheTheoryandPracticeofTranslationthattranslatingconsistsinproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermofmeaningandsecondlyintermofstyle.[2]Nidathinksaccuracyofarticleisextremelyimportant.Theyarerightdespitetheydefinesthetranslationdifferently.AChineselearnerarguestranslationistheactivityexpressperfectlyanaccurateandcompletecontentofacertainlanguagewithanotherkindoflanguage.Accordingtomyviewpoints,translationpracticeisandifficultyworkinessence.Thestudyandresearchfocusis:

（1）thetranslationprocess;

（2）translationmethodsandskills;（3）translationevaluationstandards;（4）translationpractice.[3]Duetothedifferencesinlanguageconstructionbetweenlanguages,translatingformonelanguageintoanotherlanguage,themeaningofthesourcelanguagemaybecutorchange,sothetranslationisaverydifficultthing.Soisthreeakindoftranslationtheory?

Whenaskedtranslationisascienceorart,peoplehavedifferentopinions.Ithinkthetranslationisbothscienceandart;thereasonisthatbecausetranslationisaveryexquisiteskillofpracticalscience.Theessenceofartisaskillthatonlythroughrepeatedpracticeexercises,wecanachieveproficiency.Thetranslationisscience,becauseithasacertainlaw.Andthislaw,youmustlearnandstudythroughpracticeexercises.

Recently,politicalculturalandeconomicalexchangesbecomeboosting.Translatorsinthesefieldsarebadlyneeded.Theinternationalsituationchangesquickly.Masteroftimelyinformationisveryimportanttothefateofthecountry,translationofcurrentnewsandeconomicresearchisparticularlyimportant.Weshouldpaymuchattentiontothisfield.Inthispapertheauthordrawaconclusionwithexperiencesummaryobtainedinthecourseoflearningtranslations.

Asthedevelopmentofinternetandvariouskindsofwirelesscommunicationtools,wecangetanyinformationweneeded.Itisjustaclickofthekeyboard.Theearthbecomesanearthvillagepoliticalandeconomicalexchangeareboosting.Therefore,difficultiescausedbylanguagedifferencearebecomingmoreandmoreobviously.thereisfewexcellenttranslatorsinlabormarketbecausetranslationneedslongperiodsoftrainingandpractices.Inthetranslation,Iapplytoafewofmethodsconcludedbyexcellentandtranslateexpert.Accordingtothemeansofthem,Isuccessfullycompletemytranslation.

一.DifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish

（一）Syntheticvs.Analytic

（1）EnglishhasformchangebuttheChinesedonotstrictlychange.

1.Formationofwords

Thatistosay,theaffixationactingastheformationofthewordchanges,includingalargenumberofprefixandsuffixword-formationform.Suchastherearemanycompoundwordsintranslationmaterial:

preparatoryrefuelingplaneloadandupscale.Theword-formationformiscommoninthisreport.

2.Configurationform

Wordsexpressthesignificanceofthegrammarchange.Englishverbhaveseveralforms,includingpresent,past,past—pasttense.ThereportmainlyusedthepasttensetodescribetheprocessofgettingBinLaden.Butwhentalkabouttheresponsetotheevent,thereporterusesthepresenttense.Theformofwordischangewithtense.Theeconomythesisusethepresenttensetoemphasesthefactandtimeliness.Theauthoradoptsthiswaytomakehisarticlemorepersuadingandpractical.

（2）WordorderofEnglishismoreflexible,Chinesewordorderisrelativelyfixed

Changeofshapehasclosetrelationshipswithwordorder.Themorechangeableofthelanguageshapeis,themoreflexiblewordorder,andviceversa.Chineseisthetypicalanalyticlanguage.Thewordshaven’tformmarks,locationandtherelationshipbetweenthewordsaremainlyexpressedthrougharrangementwordorderanduseoffunctionwords.Thecomprehensive-specialEnglish,wordorderhasn’tthesameflexibilityasLatin,butitisnotfixedlikeChinese.Englishgrammarsignificancecanthroughthewordorderorfunctiontoexpress,inmanycasescanalsouseformmarks.

（二）Compactvs.Diffusive

Englishsentenceshaverigidprimaryandsecondary,clearadministrativelevels,correspondenceoftext,strictstandard.Englishsentenceisofhighcompactness.Suchasthissentenceinthereport,RobertGates,theSecretaryofDefense,wasoneofmostoutspokenopponentsofahelicopterassault.Thesentenceisalongsentence,whichhasaparenthesisandpossessiveconstruction.Chinesegrammaticalstructurehasalotofdiversityandcomplexityandflexibility,andthusisasentencestype.DiffusivenessofChinesesentencealsorevealsintermsofthevarietyofsentence,suchasthewholeandshortsentence.

（三）Complexvs.Simplex

SubordinationisoneofthemostimportantfeaturesofmodernEnglish.F.Crewssay“Subordination，theplacingofcertainelementsinmodifyingroles，isafundamentalprincipleofwriting.”Brain,James,MarkselectedateamoftwodozenSEALSfromREDSquadronandtoldthemtoreporttoadenselyforestedsiteinNorthCarolinaforatrainingexerciseonApril10th.Thissentenceiscomplexandcomplicated.Chinesecommonlyusewords,shortsentences,andscatteredsentences,runningwatersentencesorcompositesentences,inshort,withthemajority,thebestlengthfor7to12words.

（四）Passivevs.Active

ThepassiveinEnglishisacommongrammaticalphenomenon.BritishandU.S.languagescholarsadvocatemulti-purposeactivetense,don'tabusethepassivevoice.Theassaultplanwasnowhonedisapassivesentences.However,inChinesepassivesentencesisrare.Chineseisaccustomedtousingpersonasthesubject.Suchas:

itisgenerallybelievedthat……isacommonpassivesentences.

二.Strategyofchoosingthemeanofword

（一）Formationoftheword

Threearemanymethodstoformword,whichsuggestthemeanoftheword.Namely,prefixsuffixacronymandsoon.PlaneloadupendedandVice-Presidentarecompoundingwords.Whenwecomeupwiththesewords,wecaneasilyguessmeaningoftheword.Takeanotherexample,replicade