河北省唐山市丰润区高考英语阅读理解好信息匹配暑假自练11.docx

河北省唐山市丰润区高考英语阅读理解好信息匹配暑假自练11.docx

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河北省唐山市丰润区高考英语阅读理解好信息匹配暑假自练11

河北省唐山市丰润区2016高考英语阅读理解好信息匹配暑假自练（11）

阅读理解。

“Experiencemaypossiblybethebestteacher,butitisnotaparticularlygoodteacher.”YoumightthinkthatWinstonChurchillorperhapsMarkTwainspokethosewords,buttheyactuallycomefromJamesMarch,aprofessoratStanfordUniversityandapioneerin

t

hefieldoforganizationdecisionmaking.ForyearsMarch（possiblybewisestphilosopherofmanagement）hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,andhecontinuestodosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.

Hebeginsbyremindingusofjusthowfirmlywehavebeenstickingtotheideaofexperientiallearning:

“Experienceisrespected；experienceissought；experienceisexplained.”Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves（涉及）seriouscomplications（复杂化），onesthatarepartofthenatureofexperienceitselfandwhichMarchdiscussesinthebodyofthisbook.

Inoneinterestingpartofbook，forexample，heturnsadoubleeyetowardtheuseofstoriesasthemosteffectivewayofexperientiallearning.Hesays“Themoreaccurately（精确的）realityispresented，thelessunderstandablethestory，andthemoreunderstandablethe

story,thelessrealisticitis.”

Besidesbeingabroadlyknowledgeableresearcher.Marchisalsoapoet,andhisgiftshinesthoughinthedepthofviewsheoffersandthesimplelanguageheuses.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding；Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.Rather,bereadytothinkdeeplyaboutlearningfromexperienceinworkandlife.

（）1.Accordingtothetext,JamesMarchis____________.

A.apoetwhousesexperienceinhiswriting

B.ateacherwhoteachersstorywritinginuniversity

C.aresearcherwhostu

diesthewayhumansthinkandact

D.aprofessorwhohelpsorganizationsmakeimportantdecisions

（）2.AccordingtoJamesMarch,experience______________.

A.isovervaluedB.iseasytoexplain

C.shouldbeactivelysoughtD.shouldbeinactivelysought

（）3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Experiencemakesstoriesmoreaccurate.

B.Storiesmadeinterestingfailtofullypresentthetruth.

C.Theuseofstoriesisthebestwayofexperientiallearning.

D.Storiesareeasiertounderstandwhenrealityismoreaccuratelydescribed.

（）4.What’sthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Todescribearesearcher.

C.Toexplainexperientiallearning.

D.Todiscussorganizationaldecisionmaking.

【答案与解析】

【要点综述】文章介绍了Jam

esMarch所著的一本名为TheAmbiguitiesofExperience书。

本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。

1．C细节理解题。

根据首段“Foryears

M

arch

（possiblybewisestphilosopherofmanagement）hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,”可知。

2．A推理判断题。

根据首段第一句及第2段“Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves（涉及）seriouscomplications（复杂化），...”可得知March认为人们高估了经验的作用。

3．B细节理解题。

根据第3段“Themoreaccurately（精确的）realityispresented，thelessunderstandablethestory，andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”可判断正确答案为B。

4．A推理判断题。

此题判断作者的写作意图。

从首段最末一句“hecontinuesto

dosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.”及末段“Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding；Don’

tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.”可推断出本文是介绍March所著的这本书。

阅读理解。

Ifadiversurfacestooquickly，hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence，ifthebubbles（气泡）accumulateinajoint，issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain，theconsequencecanbedeath.

Otherair－breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression（减压）sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast：

whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone，andconsequentlyweakensit，sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil（化石）bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural－historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.

Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead，hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied，butnotasingleTriassicspecimen（标本）showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti－decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（捕食动物）suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles，bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans，bycontrast，weremercifullyshark－andcrocodile－free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous，theywereprey（猎物）aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.

61．Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?

A．Atwistedbody.

B．Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.

C．Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.

D．Adropinbloodpressure.

62．ThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistosee________．

A．howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebends

B．howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompression

C．whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodies

D．whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones

63．Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4________．

A．confirmedhisassumption

B．speededuphisresearchprocess

C．disagreedwithhisassumption

D．changedhisresearchobjectives

64．Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs________.

A．failedtoevolveananti－decompressionmeans

B．graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends

C．diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles

D．evolvedananti－decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit

【要点综述】本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。

DrRothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。

61．A　细节理解题。

根据thebends可定位到首段。

由“Theconsequence…issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.”可知答案，abentbody和atwistedbody是同义转换。

由第二句的“Nitrogendissolvedinhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.”可知，这是说thebends的形成原因，故C、D项错，而B项文章没有提及。

62．B　推理判断题。

题干中的关键词是Rothschild'sstudy，由此可定位到第三段的前两句。

根据“…tofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast…toinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompression…”可知答案为B。

63．C　推理判断题。

根据第四段“…heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.”可知，Rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，故选C项。

64．A　推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段可知，Rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，故选A项。

【重庆市南开中学2014高考英语二诊考试】

请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

InDecemberofl992．Iwasahappyhusbandandfatheroftwoyoungchildren．Amonthlater，IwasdiagnosedwithAcuteLymphoblasticLeukemia（急性白血病）．

Aftertwoyearsofchemo（化疗）thathelpedcontrolthedisease，mybodywasweakandlifeless．IfeltasifIwereapuppetwhoneededhelptolifthisarmsorholduphishead．

Ibegantorun．Aftersixmonthsmystrengthhadcomeback．Ononeofmyruns，onewhereIfeltIcouldrunforever，IdecidedIwasgoingtotrytorunamarathon．

AftertellingmyDadaboutmyplan，hetoldmeofaprogramthattrainspeopletorunamarathon，whileraisingfundsforLeukemiaresearchatthesametime．Sothatsummer，throughtheLeukemiaSociety’sTeaminTrainingprogram，IstartedtotrainfortheMarineCorpsMarathon．Duringmileaftermileofuncertainty，thedayfinallycametorunthemarathon．

OnOctober27，1996，at8A．M．，alongwithl9,000otherbravesoulsIstartedona26.2-milejourneythatIwillneverforget．

IfirstsawmywifePattyatthesix-milemark.SheseemedhappythatIwasstilllookingasifIknewwhatIwasdoing，andhavingagoodtimedoingit．AtMilel7，mymindwasgoingbacktothosetwohorribleyearsthattriedtobringmyfamilyandmedown．Isawheragain．TheconcerninherfacetoldmesheknewIwasstartingtostruggle．Ifeltasifwewerethinkingthesame，ninemoremilesandtheselastfewyearswillbebehindus．

Thatthoughtalonepulledmeforward．Mile22，23，slowingbutgoing，24，25，thenthereitwas．TheIwoJimaWarMemorial．Ihaveseennothingsograndandinspiringinmylife．Threehoursandforty-oneminutesafterIstarted，IcrossedwhatIthinkhastobethemostfittingfinishlineinallofroadracing!

ThatnighttheLeukemiaSocietygavemeapinatapost-racepartythatsimplysays，“Leukemia26.2”．

IfGodwills，mycancermayonceagaintakeawaymyhairandmystrength，maybeevenmylife．Butitcannevertakeawaymypin，orthefactthatIamamarathoner.

36．Thewriterdecidedtorunamarathonbecause__________.

A．hewantedtoraisemoneyforLeukemiaresearch

B．hebelievedhewasabletotakethechallenge

C．hehopedtorecoverhisstrengththroughtraining

D．hisdadknewabouttheraceandmadethesuggestion

37．WhichstatementisRIGHTaboutthewriter?

A．Hehasalwaysbeendreamingofbecomingamarathoner．

B．Thetraininghetookthatsummerwellpreparedhimfortherace．

C．ThoserunningintheraceweremostlyLeukemiapatientslikehim.

D．Hi