高中英语语法表格及综合基础知识训练.docx
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高中英语语法表格及综合基础知识训练
一、GrammarForm语法表格
（一）名词的数、格数词
1.n+s
2.s,x,ch,sh,+es
3.元+y+s辅+y+ies
4.o+es
5.f（fe）+ves
map
computer
house
horse
classes
boxes
benches
brushes
但:
stomach
key-toy-
boy-
destroy-
spy-
country-
hero-tomato-
potato-Negro-
zero-
但:
radio-photo-
piano-zoo---
wife-life-leaf-
shelf-knife-
wolf-handkerchief-
但:
roofserfbeliefchiefgulfproof
6.组合词-变主干
7.全变
8.不变
9.抽象名词（不+s,前不+a）.但可用量词
10.名词所有格
looker-on
busdriver
bookshop
busstop
coffeecup
papertiger
goldwatch
applepie
boystudent
toothbrush
pencilbox
grownup
go-between
brother-in-law
son-in-law
但:
mandoctor
womandoctor
gentlemanfarmer
mouse—
ox—
foot—
tooth—
man—
woman---
child---
phenomenon-
Englishman—
Dutchman--
但:
German—
Roman--
sheep—sheep
deer—deer
fish—fish
bellows—bellows
means—means
people—people
Chinese—Chinese
Japanese--Japanese
advice
news
information
fun
work
weather
homework
wood
hair
progress
sugar
oil（用much）
用apieceof
asuitofacupof
apairofabagof
asetofaglassof
abowlofapileof
abottleof
人后+’s;物后不+’s
boy—boy’sMaryandTom’’sroom
boys—boys’Mary’sandTom’’srooms
Charler’sbook+Charles’book
Atthedoctor’s/atthetailor’s
但:
thedooroftheroom
afriendofmine
Tom’suncle’s
特殊名词:
Thepolice+（be）
Thepeople
Thepublic+are（is）
Thefamily
Theclass+are（is）
Theteam
Theclothes
Thetrousers+（be）
Theglasses
Asiutofclothes+（be）
Twosuitsof+（be）
Asetofbooks+（be）
区别：
glass-----glasses
paper-----papers
good-----goods
look-----looks
数词
1.数词无复数
2.数词+s+of
3.连字符号+单名（无复数）
fivehundredpeople
tenthousandstudents
twomillioncitizens
sixdozentrees
twoscorepineers
但:
twodozenofthetrees
thousandsof
millionsof
dozensof
scoresof
two-hundredpeople
afive-thousand-wordarticle
aneight-meter-widewall
afive-year-oldboy
但:
Heisfiveyearsold.
Itisawallfivemeterswide.
=Itisafive-meter-widewall
5.afew
few
many
agoodmany+可数名词
agreatmany
manya+名词单数+动词单数
agreatnumberof
4.分数/百分数/点数/加减乘除
3分子基（大于1）
4分母序（+s）
2__1__
34
21
5
20percentof60percentof
8.56
2+3=5（plus）3-1=2（minus）
3×5=15（times）6÷3=2（dividedby）
6.anhourortwoonMay1=onthefirstofMay
=oneandtwohours=onMaythefirst
7.每隔:
everytwohours
everyotherday
everysecondday
8.年代/分钟
1999年3月5日
20世纪90年代
8点10分/7点差5分
020-7789715（电话）
在他40多岁时
much
alittle
little+不可数名词
agreatdealof
alargeamountof
9.n+基数词
Class2Gate4Room203Page2
WorldWarTwoRoad23Street3
alotof
plentyof+可（不可）名
alargequantityof
10.基数词+n+ed
twenty-storiedbuilding
three-leggedtable/five-coloredglass
11.a+序数词=又,再asecond
（二）冠词
a,an
+the
不+the
1.辅音音标前+a
1.彼此知道或第二次提到;
open______door
Whereis_____door?
1.专有名词IlikeXScience
不可数名词Xmusic
抽象名词但__musicofMozard
2.元音音标前+an
2.定修饰:
_____maninred
in___winterof1980
2.球类playXbasketball
棋类Xchess
三餐饭haveXlunch
但:
have___nicelunch
What____gooddinner!
3.第一次提到或表示一个（一支,一本）:
a
eg:
-----Haveyouseen____pen?
-----Isit____blackone?
3.独一无二:
___sun,___earth
___sky,___moon
但:
inXspace
3.星期onxSunday
季节inxwinter
月份onxFebruary12
Day节日onxTeachers’day
但:
In__winterof1998/_____SpringFestival.
4.类别:
Abird….
Thebird…
Birds…..
____horsesrunfasterthan___dogs
____deerisbiggerthanacat
____elephantisbiggerthanthedog
4.方位:
方向.in___south
in__north
但:
___SouthChina
___NorthAmerica
LiexsouthofChina
50miles__eastofit
4.职位Weelecthimxmonitor
称呼xFather,getup!
官位WemadehimxPresident
Fatherandson
Teacherandstudent
5.固定搭配haveacold
haveadrink
havearest
haveaclass
haveaninterestin
inahurry
asaresult
onceayear
5.乐器play____piano
play____violin
play____guitar
5.泛指Allpersonsarepolite.
学科IlikexChinese.
Pleasehelpxothers.
但:
theChineselanguage
theJapaneselanguage
Englishisaknowledge.
6.+a或an
___one-leggedman___“f”letter
___university
___usefultool___umbrella
___uncle
___Europeanboy
___“x”letter.___honestman
__eight-year-oldboy
6.序,形容词最高级
theninth
theninetieth
themostnecessary
但:
asecond又;再
athird
6..固定搭配:
gotothecinema
themeeting
thetheatre
attableatthetable
inhospitalinthehospital
inprisonintheprison
takeplacetaketheplaceof
inplaceofbymistake
7_____differentkindofanimals
Giveme____coffeeand__beer.
….samebooksof____type.
….asmuch___artas…
…toohard_____jobto….
…sodifficult____Englishbook…
What____usefultool!
What____greatsurprise!
7.江河,海洋,山脉,湖泊,岛屿
及含普通名词的专有名词.
thePacific
theMountain
theYellowRiver
theGreatWall
theWestLake
theTaiWangIsland
但:
XMountTai
insightoutofsight
catchsightofgotobed
gotocollegegotoschool
afterschoolafterclass
bythehourbyhand
withhandinink
outofquestioninbed
inpublicatseainthesea
bytheseawithone’shand
mosttime=mostofthetime
8.某一家人:
TheTurnersare….
某某家里:
gotoTurner’s
atxinternationaltrade
theEnglishlanguage
9.the+形=某一类人（动复）
Therich_____rich.
Thewounded_____there.
TheEnglish____polite.
Theblind_____blind.
1）___knowledgeofEnglishis_____
mustat__internationaltrade.
2）KunMinis_____placewith____
warmwinterandcoolSummer
（三）代词
1．人称代词
主格所有格宾格格物主代词反身代词
1
you
you
he
she
they
we
it
2．两者each
either
neither
both
eg:
On____sidesoftheroadaretrees
On____sideoftheroadaretrees
Youcansiton___sideoftheboat
Eachofyou___here.Theyeach__（已来）
Bothofyou____here
Eitherofyou___here
Neitherofyou____there
3.三者以上:
all
none
noone
every
eg:
All____presentatthemeeting
All____goingonwell
____ofyou___kind
___hascome
Everything___ok
Manystudentsareon___sideofthestreet
（each,every）
____cantakethebooksout
（Every,Each）
4.one…….theother
some……others（other+名词复数）
other（泛指），theother（特指）
another（又，再）不相同的另外一个（一组）
eg:
Ihavetwopens,oneisred,___isblack
Somearesinging,___arepainting
Hereare60boys,20boysarereading,
whatabout_______?
Idon’tlikethispencil,pleaseshowme___
Ihavehadonecupoftea,pleasegiveme__
I’llread______（再读五本书）
Weshouldreadytohelp______
5it1.指人Whois____?
It’sme
2.指天气_____isfine
3.形式宾语主语+V+it+形+（forsb.）todo
4.形式主语It+is+-----+that
5.强调Itis+that（who）
eg:
Ifounditeasy_______（todo,todoit）
Ifoundithard_______（背诵）
Itwasnotuntil6o’clock______hecame
It______EnglishandmathsthatIenjoyed
（was,were）
6.some（something,someone）肯或请求对方肯定回答
any（anything,anyone）否或条件状语从句
肯定句中表示任何
eg:
Wouldyoulike____tea?
Willyoupleasegiveme___advice?
Whatabout____coffee?
Haveyou___ink?
Ihavenot___moneyinmypocket
Idon’thave___ideaofit
Ifyouhave___questions,pleaseaskme
Youcancomehereat___time
7.疑问词+ever-----无论（主语或宾语）
=nomatter+疑（状语）
whichever=whatever=
wherever=whenever=
whoever=however+形=
______goeshomefirstshouldwashbowls
（Who,Whoever）
______youcomehereshouldtellme
（When,Whenever）
Idon’tbelieve_____yousaid（whatever,that）
______tiredIam,I’llcomeon（However,How）
8.one
ones
this（these）
that（those）
what（who,which,whose）
Ilikethiskindofbike,I'llbuy______
Theredpensarenicerthantheblack_____
Theairinthiscityiscleanerthan___inBeijing
____pronunciationisthebestinyourgrade?
9.all,each,every,both,any,everything,anything,+not=
部分否定（并不是……）
（四）形、.副.及其比较级和.最高级
1连系动词+形
feel
taste
smell+good
lookterrible
become
sound
get
Idon’tfeelwell（adj.）
但:
sell
write+well
cut
wash
Thepenwritessmoothly
Thefishsellswell
Theknifecutsharply
Theclothwashessoftly.
5.性+大+新+颜+本+n
anfineoldstonewall
anicebignewred
Germandog
afinelittleboy
thelasttwosunnydays
aniceredwoodenbox
（一个美丽的印度黄色大木船）
10.the+比….the+比….
越….就越
______（越努力）youstudy,______（越多）progressyouwillmake.
______（越粗心）youare,______（越少）marksyouwillgetintheexamination.
____（越快）y，_____（越好），
15.than+that（代）单
+those（代）复
Theclimatehereisbetterthan__inDalian
Thestudentshereareolderthan____inClass2
19.变化规则
1）单音节+er（est）
redder
thinner
bigger
wiser
stronger
hotter
2）双音节
narrow
able
clever+er（est）
early
happy
heavy
hungry
但其余双音节或ly副词
friendly
quickly
slowly+more（most）
clearly
bravely
happily
modern
active
tired
patient
16.less+形原+than
=no+形比
1）Heislessfriendly=
Heisnomorefriendly
2）HeisnotallerthanI
=asshortasIam.
2.副词+形
句子+副词
不定代词+形
形，副+enough
形+n
eg:
wonderfullygood
terriblycold
somethinggood
youngenough
terriblestorm
6.so+adj+astodo
如此---以至
=形+enough+todo
Wouldyoubesokindastohelpme?
=Wouldyoubekind____tohelpme?
11.the+比+of+the+two.
Heis___（clever）ofthetwo.
Ofthetwo,heis____（active）.
Heis__（modest）ofthetwo.
Whichis___（large）country,ChinaorJapan?
17.most+形=很
themost+形=最
amore+ing形=更令人
a+比+名=更---的
I’veneverheardamoreworryingvoice.
I’veneverspentabetterday.
3）多音节
+more
themost
interesting
necessary
different
determined
important
impossible
3.so+形/副+that
such+形+抽名+that
such+a+形+单+that
=so+形+a+单名+that
但：
many
so+much多
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