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考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析part4
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4
PartFour
AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalworkmoralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.
ThecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemaledominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentof
Japanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.
Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores-personality,ability,courageorhumanity-arecompletelyignored,"saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainst
thiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."
ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselifestyles."InJapan,"sayseducatorYokoMuro,"it'sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure."Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,twogenerationhouseholds.
UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes
(travelstoandfromwork
)and
crowdedliving
conditions,butas
theoldgroup
andfamilyvaluesweaken,
the
discomfortis
beginningtotell.
Inthepastdecade,
theJapanesedivorcerate,
while
stillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyonequarter.
13.IntheWesterners'eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.
[A]underaimlessdevelopment[B]apositiveexample
[C]arivaltotheWest[D]onthedecline
14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?
[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.
[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.
[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.
[D]ThelifestylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.
15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?
[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.
[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.
[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.
[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.
16.ThechangeinJapaneselifestyleisrevealedinthefactthat.
[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife
[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.
[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore
[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife
Unit7(2000)Part4
重点词汇:
1.postwar(战后)←post前缀"在后"+war;prewar(战前)←pre前缀"在前"+war。
postwararchitecture-theaccountants'revengeontheprewarbusinessmen'sdreams战后的
建筑--会计师们对战前商人们的梦想的报复。
2.harmony(和谐,融洽)可看作har+mony,har谐音"哈",mony即money,于是"哈!
money!
"→有钱很多事情都会变得"和谐"与"融洽"。
Nofamilyharmony,nosocialstability.没
有家庭的和睦,就没有社会的稳定。
3.sacrifice(v.n.牺牲;奉献)可看作sa+cri+fice,sa谐音似"杀",cri看作cry(元音替换),fice看作face(元音替换),于是"因马上要被杀(sa)而泪留(cri)满面(fice)
的东西"→牺牲。
Goodmannersaremadeupofpettysacrifices.得体的举止由许多细小
的牺牲构成。
Wheneveryouhaveanaimyoumustsacrificesomethingoffreedomtoattainit.无论何时,只要有目标,你就要牺牲一定的自由以达到它。
Successcanbeonlyone
ingredientinhappiness,andistoodearlypurchasedifalltheotheringredientshavebeensacrificedtoobtain.成功只能是幸福的一个因素,如果为了获得成功而牺牲其它幸福的因素,就未免得不偿失了。
4.counterPart(相似或对应的人或物)即counter+Part,counter-前缀"对等",Part部分,"对等的部分"。
5.personality?
(人格;个性)←person+ality名词后缀。
Personalityistomanwhatperfumeistoaflower.个性之于人一如香气之于花。
personality-everythingthat's
falseinahuman,everythingthat'sbeenaddedontohimandcontrived个性--人类
身上所有虚假的东西,所有强加在他身上的不自然的东西。
6.assault(v.n.攻击)Againsttheassaultoflaughternothingcanstand.没有东西
能抵挡笑声的进攻。
7.conservative(保守的;保守主义者)即con+serv(e)+ative,con-前缀"全部",serve词根"保持"(=keep),-ative后缀;参conservation(2002年Text3)。
Whenanation'syoungmenareconservative,itsfuneralbellisalreadyrung.当一个国家的青年因循守旧,
这个国家的丧钟即已敲响。
conservative-①someonewhowantstokeepwhathealreadyhadlost②amanwhowantstheruleschangedsothatnoonecanmakeapilethewayhedid③someonewhobelievesthatnothingshouldbedoneforthefirsttime守旧
者--①试图保留已经失去的东西的人②希望改变一下规矩,使任何人都不能再像他那样赚钱
的人③相信什么事都不应当有第一次的人。
8.authorities(当局,官方);原形为authority(权力;;者)←author作者+ity名词后
缀。
Allauthoritybelongstothepeople.一切权力属于人民。
Authorityisnottruth,buttruthpossessestheauthority.不是真理,但真理拥有。
authority-ahighhatunder
9.endure(v.忍受;持续)即en+dure,en-前缀"使",dure词根"持续"(如durable→持久
的)。
Wehaveallsufficientstrengthtoendurethemisfortunesofothers.我们具有
极其充足的力量来忍受他人的不幸。
Colorsfade,templescrumble,empiresfall,butwisewordsendure.色彩会消退,庙宇会坍塌,帝国会崩溃,但智慧的话永存。
10.isolate(v.隔离,孤立)←isol+ate,isol即isle"小岛"(元音可增减替换),-ate动词后缀,使像小岛一样被"孤立"。
Theword,eventhemostcontradictionsword,preservescontact-itissilencewhichisolates.话语,甚至最矛盾的话语也维持着人们的联系--
是沉默使人们隔离。
mute(v.乘公交车上下班,乘车船往返于两地)即com+mute,com-前缀"一起",mute词根"交换",于是"一直在两地间交换位置"→乘车往返上下班。
12.divorce(v.n.离婚;分离)与diverse(多种多样的;不同的)一起记,"离婚"后双方就成为"不同的"人。
13.cultivation(耕作;培养)←cultivat(e)+tion,cultivate(v.耕作;培养),-tion
名词后缀。
Tocultivateoneselfindispositionisnotfortheothers,butfor
strengtheninghisowncapacityinlife.修养性情不是为了他人,而是为了加强自己的生
活能力。
14.tolerant(宽容的)←toler+ant。
Thepubliciswonderfullytolerant-itforgiveseverythingexceptgenius.公众宽容得惊人--他们宽恕一切,除了天才。
难句解析:
1AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.
whoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope是Japan的定语从句。
千万注意hardly是否定词,相当于not。
2Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportUnitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.
本句的主语是Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarket,谓语是havelimited,宾语是theopportUnitiesof
teen-agers,而whoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs是宾语的定语从句,
该从句中involvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs又是personalsacrifices的补语。
age是"时代",表示这一代已经成为社会的主力军;babyboom指在战后的"生育高峰,婴儿
潮";questioning的意思是"质问,质疑";involvedin指"与某事有关,由某事引起"。
3LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."
本句主语是MitsuoSetoyama,谓语是raisedeyebrows,whowastheneducationminister是主语的定语,whenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."是全句的时间状语从句,其中that引导的从句是argued的宾语,该宾语从句中主语是liberalreforms,谓语是hadweakened,宾语是the"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents",introducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarII是liberalreforms的补语。
注意raisedeyebrows是"瞋目"的意思,此处指"瞪起眼睛,情绪激愤"。
4Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommUnityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.
hascomecentralization是一个倒装结构,原形为centralizationhascome。
Where引导
的定语从句修饰cities。
本句中须弄清一些词汇的含义,如:
centralization集中化;commUnity礼俗社会;extended
family多代同堂式的家庭;infavorof由...取代;households家庭。
试题解析:
Word是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一,99.99%的人知道它,但其实,这个软件背后,还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。
掌握他们,你将开启新世界的大门。
Tab+Enter,在编过号以后,会自动编号段落
Ctrl+D调出字体栏,配合Tab+Enter全键盘操作吧
Ctrl+L左对齐,Ctrl+R右对齐,Ctrl+E居中
Ctrl+F查找,Ctrl+H替换。
然后关于替换,里面又大有学问!
有时候Word文档中有许多多余的空行需要删除,这个时候我们可以完全可以用“查找替换”来轻松解决。
打开“编辑”菜单中的“替换”对话框,把光标定位在“查找内容”输入框中,单击“高级”按钮,选择“特殊字符”中的“段落标记”两次,在输入框中会显示“^P^P”,然后在“替换为”输入框中用上面的方法插入一个“段落标记”(一个“^P”),再按下“全部替换”按钮。
这样多余的空行就会被删除。
Ctrl+Z是撤销,那还原呢?
就是Ctrl+Y,撤销上一步撤销!
比如我输入abc,按一下F4,就会自动再输入一遍abc