大学英语四级考试真题第2套真题解析.docx

大学英语四级考试真题第2套真题解析.docx

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大学英语四级考试真题第2套真题解析

2021年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

答案解析

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaytitled“Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?

”Thestatementgivenbelowisforyourreference.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

Manystudiesclaimthatcomputersdistractpeople,makethemlazythinkersandevenlowertheirworkefficiency.

【参考范文】

Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?

Noonecoulddenythefactthatwearelivinginanagewheretheadvancementsoftechnologyarecontinuingtoaccelerateandchangingeveryaspectofourlife.Atthesametime,therehasbeenwidespreadpublicdebateoverwhethertechnologycanmakepeoplelazy.

Ontheonehand,somepeopleholdtheviewthattechnologicaladvancementshavereallyofferedmoreconvenientandeffectivechoicesforustocommunicate,learnandwork.Forexample,learnersarefloodedwithlearningopportunitiesattheirfingertips.Butontheotherhand,thereisariskthattechnologycanmakepeoplelazy.Thisisduetothefactthatmodernpeoplenowadaysareheavilyreliantontechnologicalinventions.Forinstance,manyyoungpeoplealwaysindulgeinonlinesocialmediaplatformsorcomputergamesandthusarereluctanttodophysicalexerciseonaregularbasis.Besides,somestudentsdependonusingacalculatortoworkoutsimplemathproblems.

Inconclusion,technologicaladvancementscanbringusbothbenefitsandproblems.Inviewoftheriskmentionedabove,Ihighlysuggestthatweshouldavoidrelyingtoomuchontechnology.

【解析】

这篇作文需要就题目给出的问题Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?

发表自己的看法。

开头段引出相关的现象和问题。

主体段用正反论证的方式来回答题目的疑问，并重点围绕科技让人变懒的观点展开。

解释科技让人变懒的原因以及对应的表现。

结尾段重申立场并给出建议。

SectionA

PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A）SeethePope.

2.D）Heendedupinthewrongplace.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.C）GlasgowhaspledgedtotaketheleadinreducingcarbonemissionsintheUK.

4.A）Glasgowneedstoinvestinnewtechnologiestoreachitsgoal.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.B）Itpermitsemployeestobringcatsintotheiroffices.

6.B）Rescuehomelesscats.

7.C）Ithasletsomeothercompaniestofollowsuit.

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A）FindoutwhereJimmyis.

9.B）HewasworkingonaprojectwithJimmy.

10.C）Hewasinvolvedatrafficaccident.

11.D）Hewantedtoconcealsomethingfromhisparents.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.B）Shoppingonline.

13.D）Gettingone’scarparked.

14.C）Thequalityoffoodproducts.

15.A）Itsavesmoney.

SectionC

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.D）Theyhavestrongnegativeemotionstowardsmath.

17.B）Itaffectslowperformingchildrenonly.

18.A）Mostofthemhaveaveragetostrongmathability.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.C）Addictiontocomputergamesisadisease.

20.A）Theyprioritizetheirfavoredactivityoverwhattheyshoulddo.

21.D）Thereisnotenoughevidencetoclassifyitasadisease.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.C）Theyareashadeofredborderingonbrown.

23.D）Theymustfollowsomecommonstandards.

24.B）Theylookmoreofficial.

25.D）Forsecurity.

SectionA

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

暂时未找到题源

A）

E）

I）implication

M）

B）appointments

F）friendly

J）pushing

N）survey

C）consequences

G）

K）severely

O）touches

D）debating

H）

L）sparked

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Scienceofsetbacks:

Howfailurecanimprovecareerprospects

Howdoearlycareersetbacksaffectourlong-termsuccess?

Failurescanhelpuslearnandovercomeourfears.Butdisasterscanstillwoundus,screwusupandsetusback.Wouldn'titbeniceiftherewasgenuine,scientificallydocumentedtruthtotheexpression,"whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyoustronger"?

Onewaysocialscientistshaveprobedtheeffectsofcareersetbacksistolookatscientistsofverysimilarqualificationswho,forreasonsthataremostlyarbitrary,eitherjustmissedgettingaresearchgrantorwhojustbarelymadeit.Inthesocialsciences,thisisknownasexamining"nearmisses"and"narrowwins"inareaswheremeritissubjective.Thatallowsresearcherstomeasureonlytheeffectsofbeingchosenornot.

Studiesinthisareahavefoundconflictingresults.Inthecompetitivegameofbiomedicalscience,researchonscientistswhonarrowlylostorwongrantmoneysuggeststhatnarrowwinnersbecomeevenbiggerwinnersdowntheline.Inotherwords,therichgetricher.

A2018studypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,forexample,followedresearchersintheNetherlandsandconcludedthatthosewhojustbarelyqualifiedforagrantwereabletogettwiceasmuchmoneywithinthenexteightyearsasthosewhojustmissedout.Andthenarrowwinnerswere50percentmorelikelytobegivenaprofessorship.

OthersintheUShavefoundsimilareffectswithNationalInstitutesofHealthearly-careerfellowshipscatapultingnarrowwinnersfaraheadofcloselosers.

ThephenomenonisoftenreferredtoastheMattheweffect,inspiredbytheNewTestament'swisdomthattothosewhohave,morewillbegiven.

There'sagoodexplanationforthephenomenoninthebookTheFormula:

TheUniversalLawsofSuccessbyAlbertLaszloBarabasi:

it'seasierandlessriskyforthoseinpositionsofpowertochoosetobestowawardsandfundingonthosewho'vealreadybeensorecognised.Thisisbadnewsforthelosers:

smallearlycareersetbacksseemtohaveadisproportionateeffectdowntheline.Whatdidn'tkillthemmadethemweaker.

Butotherstudiesusingthesametechniquehaveshownthere'ssometimesnopenaltytoanearmiss:

studentswhojustmissgettingintotophighschoolsoruniversitiesdojustaswelllaterinlifeasthosewhosqueakin.Inthiscase,whatdidn'tkillthemsimplydidn'tmatter.

Soisthereanyevidencethatsetbacksmightactuallyimproveourcareerprospects?

Thereis

now.

InastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,NorthwesternUniversitysociologistDashun

Wangtrackedmorethan1100scientistswhowereontheborderbetweengettingagrantandmissingoutbetween1990and2005.Hefollowedvariousmeasuresofperformanceoverthenextdecade,includinghowmanypaperstheyauthoredandhowinfluentialthosepaperswere,asmeasuredbythenumberofsubsequentcitations.

Asexpected,therewasamuchhigherrateofattritionamongscientistswhodidn'tgetgrants.Butamongthosewhostayedon,thecloselosersperformedevenbetterthanthenarrowwinners.Tomakesurethiswasn'tafluke,Wangsaidheconductedadditionaltestsusingdifferentperformancemeasures,suchashowmanytimespeoplewerefirstauthorsoninfluentialstudies,andthelike.

Onestraightforwardreasoncloselosersmightoutperformnarrowwinnersisthatthetwogroupshavecomparableability,buttheloserswereculledsothatonlythemostdetermined,passionatescientistsremained.Wangsaidhetriedtocorrectforthisbycullingwhathedeemedtheweakestmembersofthewinnergroup-buttheperseveringlosersstillcameoutontop.Hethinksthatbeingacloselosermightgivepeopleapsychologicalboost,ortheproverbialkickinthepants.UtrechtUniversitysociologistArnoutvandeRijt,whowasleadauthoronthe2018papershowingtherichgetricher,saidthenewfindingisplausibleandworthsomeattention.Hisownworkshowedthatalthoughthenarrowwinnersdidgetmuchmoremoneyinthenearfuture,the

actualperformance