主谓一致的考点分析和强化.docx
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主谓一致的考点分析和强化
第十三章主谓一致
i.并列主语的主谓一致
1.主谓一致的三原则
1）语法一致的原则：
主语和谓语的数在语法形式上是一致的。
2）就近原则：
谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。
3）意义一致的原则：
在意义上主语和谓语动词的单复数是保持一致的。
2.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
但当并列主语指的是同一人或物、同一事情或同一概念时，动词用单数形式。
常见的指同一人或事物的并列主语有：
cartandhorse,warandpeace,needleandthread,coffeeandmilk，breadandbutter,lawandorder,watchandchain,ironandsteel,forkandknife,allworkandnoplay,scienceandtechnology,truthandhonesty等。
3.冠词在并列主语中的用法
1）在“并列修饰语+单数名词”结构中，并列主语指同一人或事物时共用一个冠词，主语为单数。
2）and连接两个带冠词的名词时，主语为复数，指不同的人或事物。
4.当结构是and+not时，谓语与and前的主语一致。
5.当and连接的并列主语前分别由each，every,no,manya等修饰时，谓语用单数。
但是，当each放并列主语之后作同位语时，谓语不受影响。
6.由both...and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用复数。
7.由notonly.•.but（also），not...but，either,••or，neither...nor,or连接主语时，谓语的
数根据就近原则而定。
8.在疑问句或主谓倒装句子中，谓语与前一个主语一致。
9.由疑问副词并列构成的主语从句，不管疑问词着多少，谓语一律用单数。
专项练习
1.WritingstoriesandpoemswhatIenjoymost.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
2.Thefactorydirectorandchiefengineeranexperiencedperson.
A.isB.areC.amD.was
3.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgradenotabletosolvetheproblem.
A.areB.wereC.isD.am
4.NeitherJanenorherbrothersaconsentformfortomorrow’sfieldtrip.
A.need巳.needsC.isneedingD.hasneed*
5.Todaythereanumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicationsfortheposition.
A.havebeenB.ishavingC.hasbeenD.aretohave
6.Manyaboytoswimbeforehecanread.
A.learnB.arelearningC.havelearntD.learns
7.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewholehumansocietytoaite
itsattitudetoracialproblems.
A.needB.needsC.hasaneedD.haveaneed
Itisnotthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusethetoolsthat.
A.makehimascientist巳.madehimtobeascientist
C.makehimtobescientistD.makeshimascientist
Theplaywriteranddirectorpromisedtoattendourteaparty.
A.haveB.hasC.areD.
8.
is
lastnight,hada
10.
ThepremierandtheForeignMinisterA.areB.was
11.Everypolicemanandfireman
A.havebeen巳.was
_presentatthestatebanquetC.wereD.
onthealert.C.are
D.were
12.ThelinebackerandcaptainoftheteamA.havebeenselectedC.haveselected
themostvaluableplayer.
巳.hasbeenselectedD.hasselectedeitherheorhisaccountantsgoingtoclaimfortheloss?
B.WereC.Is
13.
A.AreThere
D.Does
14.
notonlytheearthbutalsoeightotherplanetsinthesolarsystem.
A,areB.were
15.Eitheryourteacheroryou
A.areB.is
16.Notony!
but丁cxnandMary—_
A.amB.is
0.is
mistaken.
C.has
—fondofwatchingtelevision.C.are
D.was
D.be
D.be
—thestandardAmerica门breakfast.C.istobe
18.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.
A.hasnotbeendecided巳.aretodecide
C.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
19.ItisnotIbutMr.Greenwho—inchargeofthecompany.
A.isB.amC.are
20.Theeditorandwritertojoinourseminar.
A.istobeinvitedB.aretobeinvited
C,istoinviteD.aretoinvite
17.Baconandscrambledeggs—A.isB.are
D.aretobe
D.will
ii.名词作主语
形式是单数，意义是复数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：
people,cattle,police,youth等。
单复同形的集体名词作主语，如：
group，class，team,family,nation,population,public,party,crew,company,union,staff,couple,committee,crowd,firm,orchestra等，根据意*义一致原则决定谓语的数。
Chinese,French,mathematics,statistics,electronics,economics,politics,linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。
Chinese,Japanese,French,English表示某国人时，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。
1.works（工厂），means（方法），series（系列），deer（鹿），sheep（绵羊）根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。
2.
m
以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如trousers，glasses,scissors,pants等。
如果这些词与apairof,acoupleof连用，动词的数与pair,couple的数保持一致。
3.clothes,goods,wages,stairs,taxes，earnings,belongings,savings,leavings作复数用，其后面的谓语动词要用复数。
4.news,music,equipment,luggage,information,furniture,advice,progress等不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
专项练习
1.Thenewsagreatblowtoherwhensheheardit.
A.isB.areC.wereD.was
2.Thecrewstandingindifferentpartsoftheshipatthatmoment.
A.isB,areC.wereD.was
3.Mathematicsaveryimportantsubject.
A.was巳.isC.areD.were
4.Thegovernmenthopingtomaketheirfindingsknownsoon.
A.is巳.hasbeenC.areD.be
5.Thecommitteeamongthemselvesforfouryears.
A.hasbeenarguing巳.hasbeenargued
C.havebeenarguingD.havebeenargued
6.Theauxiliarypolicetoreportfordutyattheheadquarters.
D.willrequiredschool.
D.were...are
A.arerequiredB.requiredC.isrequired
7.Politicsoneofthesubjectsthattaughtinthemiddle
A.are...are巳.is...areC.shall*..is
iii.复数形式的专有名词作主语
1.表示国家、城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单
数。
4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
专项练习
1.TheUnitedNationsinNewYorkCity.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
2.ThePhilippinesinthePacificOcean.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3.His“selectedpoems"firstpublishedin1957.
A.is巳.wasC.areD.were
4.My“Times’?
lostyesterday
D.were
A.isB.areC.was
5.TheSmithstoAmericaonholiday.
A.areB.havegoneC.goesD.hasgone
iv.“名词+短语”作主语
1.主语后带有aswellas，asmuchas，ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等短语时，谓语动
词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
注意：
“m0rethan+名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。
2,主语之后带有with,alongwith,togetherwith，like,but,except,besides,includir^,inadditionto，accompaniedby,without,plus等介词短语时，谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
专项练习
Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolabroadtostudymedicinelastyear.
A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent
2.
Asiaaswellasothercontinentsveryrichinnaturalresources.
C.areD.is
ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthe
A.hasB.have
ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants，
deadline.
C.isworkingD.areworking
partoftheweekinthelaboratory.
C.worksD.worked
mealotofheadaches.
A.work巳.working
Theteachertogetherwithherstudents
A.work巳.havetowork
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mathematicsaswellasphysicsalways
A.hascaused巳.carcausing
C.causeD.causes
NobodybutSmithandJohninthelabyesterday.
A.are巳.hadbeenC.were#D.was
forever
Iturntoyouasmyhope.Ifyoufailme,thenmyhonoraswellasmyposition
lost.
A.be巳.areC.isD.was
Janetaswellastheotheryoungpeoplewhosentabroadbythegovernment
broughtupinthesmalltown.
A.was...was巳.was..,wereC.were...wereD,were...was
Mary,alongwithherparents,toParis.
A.havemoved巳.hasmoved
C.aremovingD.havebeenmoving
10.
11.
12.
Thepresident,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter,toarriveontheeveningflight.
A.willbe巳.isC.aregoingD.are,
Nobodybutyouwhathehassaid.
A.agreeto巳.agreestoC.agreewithD.agreeswith
E-mailaswellastelephonemoreandmorepopularindailycommunication.
A.havebecome巳.becomeC.arebecomingD.isbecoming
Theaudience,asweltasthechairman,deeplymovedbythespeechbeinggivenbythe
teacher.
f^^
A.wasB.wereC.areD.is
V.what从句作主语
1.一般来说，按照语法一致原则，谓语动词要用单数形式。
2.what从句中动词是并列谓语，表示复数意义，主句中的谓语动词用复数。
3.what从句作主语，有时候主句的谓语动词与从句表语一致。
如果主句的表语是复数，主句，谓语动词用复数，否则用单数。
专项练习
1.
WhatweSacktoday
steeiandconcrete.
A.was
B.
were
C.
are
D.
is
2.
Whattheyhavedone
usefultothepeople.
A.areconsidered
B.
isconsidered
C.havebeenconsidered
D.
willbeconsidered
3.
Whatthemansaidundertheoath
byseveralotherwitnesses.
A.wasdisputed
B.weredisputed
C.
disputed
D.
bedisputed
4.
What丨，minneedof
money.
A.is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
5.
Whathewantstoget
somebooks.
A.is
B.
are
C.
was
D_
were
vi.定语从句中的主谓一致
1.一般情况下，关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致。
2.集体名词作先行词，被视作一个整体时，关系代词用which，从句谓语用单数；被视作若干个体的组合时，用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数；常见的集体名词有：
family，audi-ence,class,club,government,union,staff,team,couple,committee,crow，firm,public,orchestra，company等。
3.先行词是“oneof+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词角复数。
如果先行词是“theright/justthe/theonly/thevery/exactlythe+oneof+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。
4.强调句型中，形式主语丨t后总是接单数is/was;强调主语时，从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数保持一致。
专项练习
1.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraised.
A,wereB.wasC.hasD.havebeen
2.HeistheonlyoneofthebrighteststudentswhofromNewYorkUniversity.
A.isgraduatedB.havegraduated
C.hasgraduatedD.aregraduated
3.Hereisamessageofimportancetoeverymanandwomanwho.
A.votesB.voteC,havevotedD.isvoted
4,Heisoneofthespeakerswhoideasperfectlyclear.
A.makehisB.makeshisC.maketheirD.makeone's
A
r
5.
nowlivinginthiscityisdestinedtowitnesstheremarkableOlympic
EachoneofuswhoGames.
A.is
B.
C.hasbeenintheoffice.
B.willinterviewed
D.tobeinterviewedisinchargeofthecompany.
C.are
D.are
D.will
were
ThosewhohaveappliedforthepostA.arebeinginterviewedC.areinterviewed
ItisnotIbutMr.Greenwho
A.is巳.am
I,whoyoursi门cerefriend,haveneverdoubtedthereason
youwerelatefor
8.
mybirthdayparty.
A.is.,.whyB.am...which
C.am.,.whyD.usedto…which
9,
topayincash.
D.isliked
D.why
Mr.Brownistheonlyoneofourregularcustomerswho
A.likeB.haslikedC,likes
10.Themuseumhepaidavisitattheendofthestreet.
A.isstanding巳.liesC.stands
Vii.其他情况
1.当名词中心词为表示度量、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等复数名词作主语，表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数，强调个体意义时谓语动词甲复数。
2.当主语由“all/some/any/enough/most/percent,half+of丄名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。
当all,some，any，enough,most,percent，half单独作为主语时，根据意义一致的原则决
定谓语动词的数。
3.主语由“kind/series/sort/type/pileof+名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与修饰名词的kind,series,sort,type,pile等的数保持一致。
但是，当主语由“名词+ofthiskind（sort,type等•构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持
一致。
4.“anumberof+复数名词”作主
升级会员 