热点02 网络环境与未成年人保护解析版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点02网络环境与未成年人保护解析版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读
热点02网络环境与未成年人保护
一、阅读理解
1
Facebookandothersocialmediacompaniesshouldmakechildrenawarethattheironlineactivityismonitoredbytheirparentorcarer,underacodetoimprovechildInternetsafetyintheUK.
Turningoffthe“like”function,andlimitingdatacollectionandgeolocationtoolsonpopularplatformssuchasInstagramandFacebook,areamonga16-pointlistofrecommendationsforage-appropriatedesignreleasedbytheInformationCommisioner’sOffice（ICO）.
Itsaidsometechniques,whichplatformsemploytoencourageuserstousethem,includingFacebook“likes”,shouldnotbeusedtotrytokeepunder-18sonlineforlonger.OtherrecommendationsundertheICO’scodeofpracticeforInternetcompanies,whichplatformswouldberesponsibleforcarryingout,include:
*Limitinghowchildren’spersonaldataiscollected,usedandsharedbysocialmediacompanies.
*Making“highprivacy”thedefault（默认）settingforchildrenusingsocialmediaplatformsunlessthereisaconvincingreasonnotto.
*Requiringsocialmediacompaniestoshowthatallstaffinvolvedinthedesignanddevelopmentofserviceslikelytobeusedbychildrenobeythecodeofpractice.
*Introducingagechecksonplatformsortreatingallusersasiftheywerechildren.
Companiesthatdonotsticktothecodecouldfacefinesofupto4%oftheirglobalturnover,around$1.6bnforFacebook.TheconsultationendedattheendofMay,andthefinalversionofthecodeofpractice,regardedasanewinternationalstandardisexpectedtocomeintoeffectby2020.
ElizabethDenham,theinformationcommissioner,said,“Thisistheconnectedgeneration.TheInternetandallitswondershavebeenapartoftheireverydaylives.Weshouldn’thavetopreventourchildrenfrombeingabletouseit,butwemustdemandthattheyshouldbeprotectedwhentheydo.Thiscodedoesthat.”
TheICOsoughtviewsfromparentsandchildrenwhiledevelopingthecodeofpractice,aswellasthoseofdesigners,appdevelopersandacademics.
TheNSPCCchildren’scharitysaidsocialnetworkshad“continuallyfailedtoputchildsafetyfirstintheirdesign”,resultingin“badconsequences”.“That’swhyitisvitalthiscoderequireschildrentobegiventhehighestprivacysettingsbydefaultandforcescompaniestoactinthebestinterestsofchildren,”theNSPCC’sassociateheadofchildsafetyonlineAndyBurrowssaid.
LadyBeebanKidron,thechairofthe5RightsFoundationandwholedthedebateaboutthecreationoftherecommendations,said,“Fortoolongwehavefailedtorecognizechildren’srightsandneedsonline.Ifirmlybelieveinthepoweroftechnologytotransformlives,beaforceforgoodandrisetothechallengeofpromotingtherightsandsafetyofourchildren.Butinordertofulfillthatrole,itmustconsiderthebestinterestsofchildren,notsimplyitsowncommercialinterests.”
1.WhydidtheICOcreatethecode?
A.Toprotectsocialmediacompanies.
B.Toensurechildren’ssafetyontheInternet.
C.Topreventunder-18sfromstayingonline.
D.Toreducethefunctionsofpopularplatforms.
2.Whatwillhappentosocialmediacompaniesiftheydon’tfollowthecode?
A.They’llbefined.
B.They’llreceivewarnings.
C.They’llberequiredtoapologize.
D.They’llhavetostoptheirplatforms.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromDenham’swords?
A.Shehasalowopinionofpopularplatforms.
B.Sheconsidersthecodetobequitenecessary.
C.Shefailstorecognizechildren’sneedsonline.
D.SheexpectschildrentoavoidusingtheInternet.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fulfill”meaninthelastparagraph?
A.Praise.B.Define.C.Meet.D.Find.
【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C
【解析】本文是说明文。
为了确保儿童上网安全，英国ICO制定了保护儿童权利和安全的相应法规。
文章介绍了制定法规的必要性，法规的内容，作用和惩罚措施。
1.推理判断题。
根据第一段“Facebookandothersocialmediacompaniesshouldmakechildrenawarethattheironlineactivityismonitoredbytheirparentorcarer,underacodetoimprovechildInternetsafetyintheUK.”（根据英国一项提高儿童互联网安全的法规，Facebook和其他社交媒体公司应该让孩子们意识到，他们的在线活动受到父母或护理员的监控。
）可知ICO制定法规是为了确保儿童上网安全，故选B。
2.细节理解题。
根据第八段“Companiesthatdonotsticktothecodecouldfacefinesofupto4%oftheirglobalturnover,around$1.6bnforFacebook.”（不遵守规则的公司将面临高达其全球营业额4%的罚款，Facebook约为16亿美元。
）可知如果社交媒体公司不遵守这些规则，他们将面临被罚款。
故选A。
3.推理判断题。
根据倒数第四段ElizabethDenham说的“TheInternetandallitswondershavebeenapartoftheireverydaylives.Weshouldn’thavetopreventourchildrenfrombeingabletouseit,butwemustdemandthattheyshouldbeprotectedwhentheydo.Thiscodedoesthat.”（互联网和它所有的奇迹已经成为他们日常生活的一部分。
我们不应该阻止孩子使用它，但我们必须要求，当他们使用时，他们应该得到保护。
这个规则就能做到这一点。
）可知ElizabethDenham认为该规则作用很大，是非常必要的。
故选B。
4.词义猜测题。
上句“Fortoolongwehavefailedtorecognizechildren’srightsandneedsonline.Ifirmlybelieveinthepoweroftechnologytotransformlives,beaforceforgoodandrisetothechallengeofpromotingtherightsandsafetyofourchildren.”（很长一段时间以来，我们没有认识到儿童在网络上的权利和需要。
我坚信技术的力量可以改变生活，成为一股善的力量，迎接挑战，促进我们儿童的权利和安全。
）提到了我们忽略的问题，我们可以依靠技术的力量来解决问题。
那么下句就应该介绍在实现目标中应该注意什么问题——itmustconsiderthebestinterestsofchildren,notsimplyitsowncommercialinterests.其中fulfillthatrole应该指“实现，满足这个任务”，fulfill和meet同义，故选C。
2
TikTokhaspushedanewsafetyupdateinNovembertoitsappthatallowsparentstotakemorecontroloftheirteenager'saccounts,associalmediacompaniescomeunderincreasingpressuretomaketheirplatformssaferforchildren.
ThecompanysaidTuesdaythatits“FamilyPairing”featurenowenablesparentstotumoffcommentsontheirchildren'svideosentirelyortolimitthemtofriendsonly.Parentswhoseaccountsarelinkedtotheirkidswillalsobeabletosettheiraccountstoprivate,turnoffthesearchfunctionforcontent,usersorsounds,andlimitwhocanseewhichvideostheirchildrenhaveliked.
Launched（发布）inMarch,theFamilyPairingtoolletsparentsseehowlongtheirchildrenarespendingonTikTokeachdayandlimitthecontenttheycansee.
TikTokallowschildrentoregisterandcreateanaccountifthey'reovertheageof13.Alltheyneedtodoisprovidetheirdateofbirth.However,becauseTikTokdoesn'trequireregisterstoprovetheiridentities,somechildrenunder13haveregisteredbylyingabouttheirage，accordingtoU.K.regulatorOfcom（英国通讯管理局）.
AlexandraEvans,headofchildsafetypublicpolicyforTikTokinEurope,toldCNBCthatFamilyPairinghas“putitselfinparents'shoes”sinceitwaslaunched.
“Ifwe'rethinkingaboutitasatoolbox,wewantedtooffermoretools,”shesaidonavideocallaheadoftheannouncement.
5.WhatpushedTikToktolaunchthenewupdate?
A.Thepressurefromsocialmedia.B.Theconcernaboutkids'onlinesafety.
C.Theforcefromgovernment.D.Theincreasingneedofusers.
6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.ThesafetytipsfromTikTok.B.NewappsexploredbyTikTok.
C.NewfunctionsofFamilyPairing.D.ThelimitsonFamilyPairing.
7.WhatisOfcommainlyconcernedabout?
A.Thedifficultyinopeninganaccount.B.Thelowagelimitforusers.
C.TikTok'sfailuretocheckidentities.D.Thedemandforusers'birthdates.
8.What'sEvansattitudetowardthenewFamilyPairing?
A.Uninterested.B.Objective.
C.Disappointed.D.Supportive.
9.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.TikTok'sSafetyUpdate.B.NewGuidelinesforSafety.
C.FamilyPairingunderDebate.D.ControllingYourKidsOnline.
【答案】5.B6.C7.C8.D9.A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。
文章报道了抖音发布了新的安全数据更新，数据的更新允许父母获得更多的权限控制孩子的抖音账号。
5.细节理解题。
第一段“associalmediacompaniescomeunderincreasingpressuretomaketheirplatformssaferforchildren.（因为社交媒体公司受到了社会的压力，要求他们确保社交平台对于孩子们来说是安全的）”可知抖音发布安全数据更新是因为社会对孩子们能否安全使用网络的担忧，故本题选B。
6.主旨大意题。
第二段“ThecompanysaidTuesdaythatits“FamilyPairing”featurenowenablesparentstotumoffcommentsontheirchildren'svideosentirelyortolimitthemtofriendsonly.（抖音公司说家庭配对功能让父母有权关掉对他们孩子视频的评论或限制视频为仅朋友可见）”可知第二段主要讨论家庭配对的新功能-关闭评论和视频可观看对象，故选C。
7.细节理解题。
第四段“However,becauseTikTokdoesn'trequireregisterstoprovetheiridentities,somechildrenunder13haveregisteredbylyingabouttheirage（但是，因为抖音没有要求使用者提供身份证明，一些年龄未达13岁的孩子撒谎就可以开通账户了）”可知英国通讯管理局对于抖音不能严格核查用户身份感到担忧。
故选C。
8.推理判断题。
第五段Evans在CNBC（全球性财经有线电视卫星新闻台）介绍了“FamilyPairinghas“putitselfinparents'shoes”sinceitwaslaunched.（从研发之日起家庭配对功能一直设身处地为父母着想）”可知Evans是很支持新发布的家庭配对功能，故选D。
9.主旨大意题。
本文第一段段首“TikTokhaspushedanewsafetyupdateinNovembertoitsappthatallowsparentstotakemorecontroloftheirteenager'saccounts（抖音11月份更新应用上的安全数据，这次的更新允许父母获得更多的权限监控孩子们的抖音账号）”可知本段主要介绍抖音公司新的数据发布。
第二段和第三段介绍了数据更新带来的新功能-家庭配对给父母带来的权限。
第四段介绍了抖音在用户管理中存在的问题及引起的担忧，最后两段介绍了抖音公司管理者对本次数据更新的态度。
结合全文结构可知本文是总分结构，A项抖音公司的安全数据更新概括了全文的主旨，故选A项。
3
Bicycles,rollerskatesandskateboardsaredangerous.Istillhavescars（伤疤）onmykneesfrommychildhoodrun-inswithvariouswheeleddevices.Admittedly,Iwasafoolishkid,butI’mgladIdidn’tspendmychildhoodtrappedindoorstoprotectmefromanyinjury.
“Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger.”Butparentscan’thandleitwhenteenagersputthistheoryintopractice.Andnowtechnologyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oldbattlebetweenadultsandtheirfreedom-seekingkids.
Lockedindoors,unabletogetontheirbicyclesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshaveturnedtosocialmediaandtheirmobilephonestogossipandsocializewiththeirfriends.Whattheydoonlineoftenmirrorswhattheymightotherwisedoiftheirmobilityweren’tsoheavilyrestricted（限制）intheageofhelicopterparenting.Socialmediaandsmartphoneshavebecomesopopularinrecentyearsbecauseteensneedaplacetocalltheirown.Theywantthefreedomtoexploretheiridentityandtheworldaroundthem.Insteadofclimbingoutofwindows,theyjumponline.
Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshavep
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