优品课件之高考二轮复习英语学案专题二十 阅读表达.docx

优品课件之高考二轮复习英语学案专题二十 阅读表达.docx

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优品课件之高考二轮复习英语学案专题二十阅读表达

优品课件之2010届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题二十阅读表达

（精品推荐）2010届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题二十阅读表达【典例精析】

（1）（2009.山东卷）阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

[1]Hello.It’soneofthefirstwordswelearnasbabies,yetit’soneofthelastoneswethinktouseasadults.That’sunfortunate,becausesayinghelloismorethanjustsayinghello―itisrecognitionofanother’sworth.Howmighttheworldchange―howmightwechange―ifwemasteredthisword?

Tofindout,IspentonemonthsayinghellotoeverypersonImet.Here’swhatI’velearned.[2]Itcanboost（促进）productivity.Inoneofthefewstudieseverdoneonthissubject,AllanAllday,anassistantprofessorofspecialeducationatOklahomaStateUniversity,hadmiddleschoolteachersgreettheirstudentsindividuallyeachmorning.Thisexchangeofgreetingsraisedthekids’productivity.Schoolwentfromimpersonaltopersonal,andthatresultedinmoreclassparticipationandbettergrades.[3]Environmentsinfluencefriendliness,Onestudyfoundthatpeopleinthecitywerekisslikelytoonehandswithastrangerthanthoseinthecountryside.Andresearcherssay,pleasureenvironmentsgenerallyencouragemoresmilesandhellosthanunpleasantones.Myexperiencewassimilarly.Whateverthereason,myurbanhelloswereansweredfarlessoftenthanmyruralone.Similarly,peopleinvacationspots,liketheJerseyShore,werefarfriendlierthanthosehurryingworkdowntown.[4]It’saformofuniversalhealthinsurance.It’simpossibletosayhellowithoutsmiling.Andsmilinghasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressure,relievestressandboosthappiness.Apparently,asmilecreatesasimilareffectintherecipient（接受者）。

[5]Somaybewecanmaketheworldabetterplaceby____________.Afteramonthofdoingit.IfeellighterandmoreconnectedandIhaveabettersenseofwell-being.76.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheadultsaccordingtoParagraph1?

（within8words）_________________________________________________________________________77.Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?

Teachersandstudentsgotfriendliersothatthestudentsbecamemoreactiveinlearningandscoredhigherintests.____________________________________________________________________________78.FillintheblankinParagraph5withproperwords.（within5words）79.Listthreeeffectsofsmilingonhealthaccordingtothetext.（within8words）①②③80.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3intoChinese._______________________________________________________________________________

（2）（2009.天津卷原创解析）第一节:

阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（购物手推车）.Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow―oreventhinktoask―whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地携带）groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?

”oneshopperreplied.ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!

Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假冒的）customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome―thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat’sonereasonAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937―beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.56.Theunderlinedwords“chrome-platecontraptions”inParagraph1referto______________________________________________________________________________.（Nomorethan3words）57.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?

（Nomorethan10words）_______________________________________________________________________________58.WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?

（Nomorethan10words）______________________________________________________________________________59.WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket?

（Nomorethan10words）60.WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?

Pleasegiveyourreasons.（Nomorethan20words）_______________________________________________________________________________参考答案：

（1）76.【解析】Adultsarenotwillingtosayhello.由Hello.It’soneofthefirstwordswelearnasbabies,yetit’soneofthelastoneswethinktouseasadults.可知。

77.【解析】Schoolwentfromimpersonaltopersonal,andthatresultedinmoreclassparticipationandbettergrades.由所给句子关键词friendlier,scoredhigher可知第二段的最后一句合适。

78.【解析】sayinghellotoeachother/greetingeachother/sayinghello由整体文意和五段上下文可知。

79.【解析】①loweringbloodpressure②relievingstress③boostinghappiness从文中2、3、4可知。

80.【解析】不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。

（2）56.【解析】shoppingcarts；词义猜测题。

由上句----apartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。

57.【解析】Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness；细节理解表达。

由二段的Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地携带）groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。

58.【解析】Becausefewcustomersusedhiscarts；细节理解表达。

由第五段可知。

59.【解析】Becausehewantedtopromotehisshoppingcarts；细节推理表达题。

由第七段关键词---persuadepeopletogivethematry.可知。

60.【解析】Hewasasmartbusinessman.Heinventedtheshoppingcartandmadeitacceptedbycustomers.Or:

Hewassmartbutheshouldn’thaveusedtrickstoattractcustomers.主旨大意表达题。

通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。

【专题突破】阅读表达题是自2007年开始山东省高考试题中增加的一种新的测试题型，要求考生在阅读所给短文，然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题，每个问题3分，总分15分。

该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。

比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的综合语言运用能力的考查。

考生在做阅读表达题时，注意如下解题方法与技巧：

1、主旨概括：

主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。

要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。

具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的mainidea。

2、同义句替换：

只有准确理解所给句子的意义，才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。

3、填空：

回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。

4、翻译句子：

在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。

因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。

5、封闭性问题：

封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questions。

6、开放性问题：

开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。

7、其他类型：

该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。

比如设计图表题，推理判断题等。

（1）Ourlittleboycameuptohismotherinthekitchenoneeveningwhileshewasfixingsupper，andhandedherapieceofpaperthathehadbeenwritingon.Afterhismomdriedherhandsonanapron，shereadit，andthisiswhatitsaid：

Forcuttingthegrass$5.00Forcleaningupmyroomthisweek$1.00Forgoingtothestoreforyou$0.50Baby－sittingmykidbrotherwhileyouwentshopping$0.25Takingoutthegarbage$1.00Forgettingagoodreportcard$5.00Forcleaningupandrakingtheyard$2.00Totalowed：

$14.75Well，I’lltellyou，hismotherlookedathimstandingthereexpectantly，andboy，couldIseethememoriesflashingthroughhermind.Soshepickedupthepen，turnedoverthepaperhe’dwrittenon，andthisiswhatshewrote：

FortheninemonthsIcarriedyouwhileyouweregrowinginsideme，NoCharge.ForallthenightsthatI’vesatupwithyou，doctoredandprayedforyou，NoCharge.Forallthetryingtimes，andallthetearsthatyou’vecausedthroughtheyears，there’sNoCharge.Forallthenightsthatwerefilledwithdread，andfortheworriesIknewwereahead，NoChargeForthetoys，food，clothes，andevenwipingyournose，there’sNoCharge，Son.Whenyou___________________，thecostofmyloveisNoCharge.Well，friends，whenoursonfinishedreadingwhathismotherhadwritten，thereweregreatbigoldtearsinhiseyes，andhelookedstraightupathismotherandsaid：

“Mom，Isuredoloveyou.”Andthenhetookthepenandingreatbiglettershewrote：

“PAIDINFULL”.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?

_______________________________________________________________________________2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?

Althoughyouhavebroghtmehardthimesandmanytearsintheseyears,youneedn’tpayforthem._______________________________________________________________________________3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）___________________________________________________________________________4.Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?

（within30words）___________________________________________________________________________5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.____________________________________________________________________________

（2）AnAmericanfriendofminewhowashighupinabigcorporationhadworkedoutawayofhandlingafloodofe-mailsbeforemostofushadevenheardoftheconcept.Ifanyinformationhewassentwasvitalenough,his