社会工作复习整理笔记.docx

社会工作复习整理笔记.docx

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社会工作复习整理笔记

Lecture1WhatisSocialWork

IDefinitionofSocialWork

Socialworkistheprofessionalactivityofhelpingindividuals,groups,orcommunitiesenhanceorrestoretheircapacityforsocialfunctioningandcreatingconditionsfavorabletothisgoal.

ACurrentDefinition:

Socialworkisaprofession,ascience,andanartthathelpspeopletosolvepersonal,group（especiallyfamily）,andcommunityproblemsandtoattainsatisfyingpersonal,group,andcommunityrelationshipsthroughsocialworkpractice.

•Aprofession:

professionalassociation,cognitivebase,institutionalizedtraining,licensing,workautonomy,colleaguecontrol,codeofethics（Larson,1978）

•Ascience:

scientificmethods,baseoffacts,developmentofoperationalconcepts

•Anart:

diversifiedpictures,personalizedintervention,requirementofgreatskills

IIFunctionsofSocialwork

1,Restoration

Curative---eliminatebadfactors

Rehabilitative---recognizeandrebuild

2,Provisionofresources

Developmental---furthereffectiveness

Educational---promoteresources

3,Prevention

Individualandgroup

Social

IIIPremisesofSocialWork

1,Thepersonisimportant

2,Heorshehaspersonal,family,andcommunityproblemsresultingfrominteractionwithothers

3,Somethingcanbedonetoalleviatetheseproblemsandenrichtheindividual’slife.

IVSocialWorkandRelatedDisciplines

Fieldsofsocialwork:

SocialWorkersinAdministration,PolicyandResearch

Child,Family,andSchoolSocialWorkers

CommunitySocialWorkers

GerontologicalSocialWorkers

MedicalandHealthSocialWorkers

MentalHealthandSubstanceAbuseSocialWorkers

MilitaryandVeteransSocialWork

PalliativeandHospiceSocialWork

PsychiatricSocialWorkers

Lecture2WhatIsSocialWelfare

IDefinitionofSocialWelfare

Programsystem:

anationssystemofprograms,benefits,andservicesthathelppeoplemeetthosesocial,economic,educational,andhealthneedsthatarefundamentaltothemaintenanceofsociety.

People’swell-being:

thegeneralwell-beingofallpeopleinasociety.Inherentinthedefinitionaretwobasicdimensions:

（1）whatpeoplegetfromsociety（intermsofprograms,benefits,andservices）,

（2）howwelltheirneeds（includingsocial,economic,educational,andhealth）arebeingmet

IIRelevantConceptsofSocialWelfare

IIISocialWelfarePolicyDevelopment

Recognitionofsociety’svalues---Identificationofproblemsandneeds---Identificationofpublicopinion---Formulationofsocialwelfarepolicy---Implementationthroughasocialwelfareprogram---Agencyservicesdelivery

IVPerspectivesonSocialWelfare

Conservatism:

Individualsareresponsibleforthemselves,governmentshouldprovideminimalinterferenceinpeople’slives,andchangeisgenerallyunnecessary.

Liberalism:

Governmentshouldbeinvolvedinthesocial,political,andeconomicstructuresothatallpeople’srightsandprivilegesareprotectedinthenameofsocialjustice.

Radicalism:

Thesocialandpoliticalsystemasitstandsisnotstructurallycapableoftrulyprovidingsocialjustice.Drastic,fundamentalchangesarenecessaryinthebasicsocialandpoliticalstructuretoachievetrulyfairandequaltreatment.

VPerspectivesonSocialWelfare

Universaleligibility:

Socialwelfarebenefitsshouldbeequallyavailabletoallmembersofsociety,regardlessoftheirincomeormeans.

Selectiveeligibility:

Socialwelfarebenefitsshouldberestrictedtothosewhocandemonstrateneedthroughestablishedeligibilitycriteria.

Lecture3GeneralistPracticeofSocialWork

PARTIDefinitionofGeneralistPractice

IThreedimensionofgeneralistpractice

1,Multiple-levelinterventionsareprovided

Micro-:

individuals

Mezzo-:

smallgroups

Macro-:

organizations,andcommunities

2,Aknowledgebasefromarangeoftheoriesisneeded

3,Bothprivateissuesandsocialjusticeconcernsareaddressed

Intervention:

theuseof“thoughtfulandplannedeffortstobringaboutaspecificchange”.（Sheafor&Horejsi,2003）

IIEmpowermentandStrength-basedPerspective

1,Empowerment:

the“processofincreasingpersonal,interpersonal,orpoliticalpowersothatindividualscantakeactiontoimprovetheirlifesituations”（Gutierrez,1990）.

2,Empowermentemphasizesthedevelopmentandnourishingofstrengthsandpositiveattributes

3,Empowermentencompasses（includes）:

Astateofmind,asinfeelingempowered;

Acapabilitytoexertcontrolovertime.

IIIProfessionalRolesofSocialWorker

CounselorEducator

BrokerCasemanager

MobilizerMediator

FacilitatorAdvocate

IVCriticalThinking

Criticalthinkingis:

1,thecarefulscrutinyofwhatisstatedastrueorwhatappearstobetrueandtheresultingexpressionofanopinionorconclusionbasedonthatscrutiny

2,thecreativeformulationofanopinionorconclusionwhenpresentedwithaquestion,problem,orissue.

Theprocessofcriticalthinkinginvolves

askingquestions

assessingfacts

assertingaconclusion

PARTIITheProcessofGeneralistPractice

IThePlanned-changeProcess（insequence）

1engagement

theinitialperiodwhenpractitionersorientthemselvestotheproblemathandandbegintoestablishcommunication（verbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunication）andarelationshipwithothersalsoaddressingtheproblem.

Empathy（共同的感情）VSSympathy（同情怜悯）

thedifferenceofdevotiontotheproblemsorcasesathand

2Assessment

3Planning

4Implementation

5Evaluation

theinvestigationanddeterminationofvariablesaffectinganidentifiedproblemorissueasviewedfrommicro,mezzo,ormacroperspectives.

Categories:

Strength-orientedassessment（AcaseofSara）

Holisticassessment

Humandiversityandassessment（age,class,color,culture,disability,ethnicity,familystructure,gender,maritalstatus,nationalorigin,race,religion,sex,andsexualorientation）

6Termination

Lecture4TheoreticalFrameworksofSocialWork

PartIDefinitionsofGeneralistPractice

IWhatistheory?

1,Definition

Awayofclearlyandlogicallyorganizingasetoffactsorideas

2,Whatcantheorydo?

Todescribesomething;

Tounderstandorexplainsomething;

Topredictsomething;

Tochangesomething

3,Whatisgoodtheory?

Inclusive:

explainconsistentlythesameeventinthesameway;

Generalizable:

explainvalidlysimilareventsindifferentsituations;

Testable:

explaineffectivelyeventsthatcanbemeasured.

因果关系与相互关联

4，TheEcologicalsystemframework

5,ConceptsofSystemsTheory

System

Awholecomposedofasetofseparatebutinteractingandinterdependentparts.

Synergy（协同作用）

Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts

Boundaries

Aconceptual（概念上的）linethatdifferentiatesthesystemfromitsenvironment

Openandclosedsystems

Opensystemshaveflexibleboundariesthatallowpermeation（渗透作用）betweenunitsinthesystemandthoseoutside.

Closedsystemshaverigidboundariesandtightorganizationwithinthatallowlittlepermeation.

Interactionsandinterrelations（相互关系）

Achangeinonepartofthesystem,oroneofthesystemswillhaveanimpactonthewholesystem,orothersystems

Steadystate

Thesystemisadjustingconstantlyandmovingaheadwhilemaintainingacertainextentoforderandstability.

Equifinality（同等作用）

Thefinalstateofasystemcanbeachievedinmanydifferentways.

6，Ecologialperspective

（分别为：

微观、中层、外观、宏观、长期系统）

7,FactorsShapingIndividualFunctioningAndRelationshipwithEnvironment

8,Utility（效用，功用）ofothertheories

①Psycho-socialframeworks（社会心理模式）

Psychoanalytic（精神分析理论）theory

Childrenarebornwithbiologicallyrootedfunctions,“drives”,thatindicateindividualfunctions”.

Egopsychologyframework（自我心理框架）

Theegoofapersondevelopsstagebystageinone’slifespanandisaffectedbytheenvironment.

Life-spandevelopmentframework

Individualsinteractwiththeirenvironmentsindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneedsatdifferentpointsinthelifecycle.

②Cognitivebehavioralframeworks（认知行为框架）

Theenvironment,asopposedtoheredity（遗传性）,largelydeterminespeople’sbehaviors

③Politicalandideologicalframeworks（政治与理想框架）

Lecture5ValuesandEthicsofSocialWork

PartIvalues

I,valuesandethics

bededucedfrom---从什么中推理出来

IINASWCodeofEthics（USA）

①Service

Tobelievethatpeoplehavetherighttoresources.

Torespectandfollowtheclients’ownself-interest.

Tohelpsecurethoseresourcesanddeveloppoliciesforclients

②socialjustice

Topromotesensitivityandknowledgeaboutjusticeanddiversity.

Toprovideservicesthatensureequalaccessandmeaningfulparticipationofallpeople.

③dignityandtheworthoftheperson;④importanceofhumanrelationship

Allpeoplehaveintrinsic（固有的）importance,whatevertheirpastorpresentbehaviors,beliefs,wayoflife,orsocialstatus.

Torespectandunderstandpeoplewithalltheirdifficultiesandassets.

Toacceptandnon-judgethepeopletheyserve.

Toappreciatetheclients’perspectivesonlife

⑤integrity（诚实）

Socialworkersshouldacthonestlyandtrust-worthilyandencourageethicalpracticesintheiragencies.

Topresentthemselvesandtheircredentials（certification）accurately.

Toavoidotherformsofmisrepresentation（twists）.

Toavoidinvolvingclientsinprofessionaldisputes.

⑥competence.

Socialworkerspracticeonlywithintheirscopeofknowledgeandability,andthattheyenhanceanddeveloptheirprofessionalexpertise.

Toknowtheirownlimitsinprofessionalcapacity.

Toseekouttheknowledgeandexperienceneededtodevelopfurtherexpertise.

Tobealerttoeventsorproblemsthataffecthisorherprofessionalcompetence.

Toseekeffectiveguidanceandsupervision

PartIIEthics

①Self-determination

thepracticalrecognitionoftherightandneed,aswellasthecapacityofclientstofreedominmakingtheirowncho