定语从句的翻译及定语从句高考.docx

定语从句的翻译及定语从句高考.docx

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定语从句的翻译及定语从句高考

突破英语B级的定语从句翻译

定语从句的翻译技巧：

1.前置法

将英文从句部分翻译成“.…...的”，并放置于先行词前。

即将英文复合句句翻译成汉语的简单句，常用于翻译限制性定语从句。

不过一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法。

例1：

HarmoniousinterpersonalrelationshipistheprimaryreasonwhyIenjoyworkinghere.

同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。

例2：

Hislaughter,whichwasinfectious,brokethesilence.

他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

2.后置法

将英文定语从句置于先行词后，译成并列分句。

（1）重复先行词

由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。

例3：

WewishtoexpressoursatisfactionatthistotheSpecialCommittee,whoseactivitiesdeservetobeencouraged.

在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。

例4：

Hehasenterpriseandcreativitywhicharedecisiveinwinningsuccessinthefield.

他很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

（2）省略先行词

如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。

例5：

Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofhisuncle.

是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。

例6：

Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.

他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

3.翻译成状语从句

英语中有些定语从句，兼有状语从句的职能，在逻辑上（即意义上）与主句有原因、结果、条件、让步、目的等关系，翻译时应抓住主从句间逻辑关系，翻译成对应的汉语意思。

例7：

Themanagerwasgivingadinnerforafewpeoplewhomhewishedespeciallytotalktoortohearfrom.

经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。

（表原因）

例8：

Theyquarreledwitheachothereveryday,whichledtotheirdivorce.（表结果）

他们夫妻二人天天吵架，最终导致离婚。

例9：

Myfather,whothoughtitmightnotwork,supportedme.（表让步）

尽管父亲认为这个办法可能不会起作用，但还是支持我。

例10：

Thiscompany,whichwantstogettheirnewproductsoldwellinthemarket,istryinghardtoperfectitspackingandworkmanship.

为了使新产品在市场热销，这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装。

（表目的）

例11：

Anewproductwhichhasbeautifulpacking,goodqualityandadvertisingmayverylikelybeahitinmarket

一种新产品，只要包装精美，质量过硬，宣传得力，就能在市场中热销。

（同下）

例12：

Anyonewhoworkshardandnevergivesupwillsucceed.

任何人，只要努力工作永不放弃，就能够成功。

（表条件或假设）

定语从句强化训练

1.Isthereabararound_____Icanhavesomethingtoeat?

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where

2.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.

A.theroofofwhichB.whichroof  C.itsroof  D.theroof

3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,____ofgreatimportance.

A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyare

C.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare

4.I’lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket______youmaygetall_______youneed.

A.inwhich;whichB.where;that

C.where;whatD.which;that

5.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?

A.thatyoutalked  B.youtalkedaboutit  

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

6.____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It

7.Thefenceinourgarden,_____myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where

8.Whenlostinwork,_____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.

A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.as

9.Afootballfan（球迷）is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.

A.athingthatB.somethingthat  C.apersonwhoD.what

10.WetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,_____wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.

A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where

11.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.

A.thatB.what  C.why  D.forwhich

12.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice?

A.不填B.inwhichC.thatD.where

13.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.

A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which

14.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_______villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.

A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich

15.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace_____youmayspendyourweekend.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

16.HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.itD.what

17.Boththegirlandherdog____werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.

A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that

18.I,____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisD.whoam

19.Isthisjustthecity____theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_____.

A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/

20.It’soneofthemostinterestingstories___Ihave___read

A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever

21.OnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawalady___Ithoughtwasyouraunt.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

22.Irememberthat____tookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.

A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD.allwhat

23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,____theminutehandissixmetreslong.

A.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whose

24.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.

A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere

25.____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What

26.Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?

A.whichB.who    C.whomD.that

27.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

A.thatB.those  C.which  D.what

28.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.

A.whatB.that  C.which  D.where

29.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhich  B.allwhat  C.thatallD.all

30.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

A.whoB.who’s  C.whoseD.which

31.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.where  C.inwhich  D.theone

32.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?

A.thatB.where  C.inwhich  D.theone

33.---Howdoyoulikethebook?

---It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.

A.thatB.which  C.theoneD.theonewhat

34.Whichsentenceiswrong?

A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.

B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?

C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.

D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.

35.Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate.

A.whichB.where  C.onwhichD.inthat

36.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.

A.whereB.onwhich  C.underwhich  D.which

37.Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.where  C.that  D.aboutwhich

38.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived  

C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

39.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.

A.whomB.who  C.whenD.because

40.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.

A.when  B.duringthat  C.inwhichD.which

41.Mr.Crossettwillneverforgettheday_____hespentwithhisvariousstudents.

A.whenB.which  C.duringwhich  D.onwhich

42.Thisisjusttheplace_____Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.

A.thatB.where  C.inwhichD.towhere

43.WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where

44.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed

45.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.than

46.Heisnot_____afool_____.

A.such/asheislookedB.such/ashelooks

C.as/asheislookedD.so/ashelooks

47.Isthatthereason_____youareinfavoroftheproposal?

A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat

48.Hehastwosons,_____workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

49.Thebuses,_____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

A.mostofthatB.whichmostC.mostofwhichD.thatmost

50.Myglasses,_____Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that

51._____,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.

A.ItisknowtoallB.Itisknownthat

C.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall

52.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_____muchcanbelearned.

A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom

53.Itwassuchaseriousmistake,_____causedbycarelessness.

A.whichIthinkwasB.whichIthinkitwas

C.IthinkwhichwasD.Ithinkwhichitwas

54.Thegeneralatlastgotachancetovisitthevillage_____heusedtofight,_____hehadbeendreamingofforyears.

A.that/whichB.where/thatC.inwhich/whatD.where/which

55.Iwillhiretheman_____theysayisagoodEnglishspeaker.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom

56.Igavehimawarning,_____heturnedadeafear.

A.ofwhichB.forwhichC.tothatD.towhich

57.Myfatherhasmademe_____Iam.

A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that

58.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_____passedtheexamination.

A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have

59.Youmaycallonmefromonetofiveo’clock,during_____Iamalwaysathome.

A.thetimeB.whattimeC.thattimeD.whichtime

60.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflying（放风筝）spreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.

A.fromthereB.whereC.fromwhereD.there

定语从句高考专题

1. I don’t like___you speak to her. （1996上海）   

A. the way   B. the way in that  C. the way which   D. the way of which

2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ___in the forest.  （1997上海）

A. once they grew         B. they grew once