高中英语定语从句特殊情况专项讲解及练习有答案.docx

高中英语定语从句特殊情况专项讲解及练习有答案.docx

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高中英语定语从句特殊情况专项讲解及练习有答案

定语从句

一、定语从句中只能用that引导的情况

1．当先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等词时。

Everythingthathesaidwastrue.

2.当先行词被thevery（恰恰，正好）,theonly，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。

Thisistheverygrammarbook（that）Iwanttobuy.

Theonlythingthatisconstantischange.

Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.

3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.

ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.

4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?

5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6．当先行词既有人又有物时。

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

7．先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。

Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl（that）sheusedtobe.

Heisnottheman（that）heseems.

二、定语从句中只能用which引导的情况

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.

Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

三、定语从句中只能用who引导的情况

在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。

（1）先行词是one,ones和anyone时，宜用who。

Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.

Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.

Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.

（2）先行词是those时，宜用who。

Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.

（3）当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。

ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.

（4）一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。

Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.

（5）在therebe开头的句子中，宜用who。

Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.

Therearemanyoldmenwhoareagainstthisplan.

练习

填空

1.Herearethemostimportantones_____33_____areoftenmentionedbysuccessfulsalespeople.

2.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_______theyrememberedintheschool.

3.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______havebeenshownthisyear.

4.I'minterestedinall______youhavesaid.

5.Whoistheman______ismakingaspeech?

6.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.

That,that,that,that,that

选择

1.Who_____hascommonsense（常识）willdosuchathing？

　A.whichB.who　　C.whomD.that

2.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

　A.thatB.those　C.which　D.what　

3.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.

A.whatB.that　C.which　D.where

4.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhich　B.allwhat　C.thatallD.all

翻译：

1.我已完成了他让我做的一切。

2.他解答出我所见过最难的题目。

3.我需要同你一样的字典。

4.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。

5.我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。

Ihavedoneallthathetoldustodo.

HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadseen.

Ineedthesamedictionarythatyouhave.

Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard.

Ihadtoremembereverythingthattheteachertaughtme.

Whoisthemanthatyouspoketojustnow?

四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that,who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

ATheschool（which/that）heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

BTomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine（which/that）youaskedfor.

TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.

CThisistheboy（whom/who/that）Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.

ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.

DThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.

ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.

注意：

1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如：

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。

Thisisthewatch（which/that）Iamlookingfor.（正）

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（误）

Thebabies（whom/who/that）thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.（正）

Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）

2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。

Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.（正）

Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.（误）

TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.（正）

TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.（误）

3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。

如：

Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.

4.关系代词前介词的确定:

1）根据先行词的习惯搭配

They’llneverforgetJuly1onwhichHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.

1992istheyearinwhichyouwereborn.

2）根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配

TheschooltowhichIwassentwasverylarge.

HongKongisthecityfromwhichhecomes.

3）根据定语从句的意义

WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.

注意：

①Theystoodatthewindow，from________theycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.

②Thebookwaswrittenin1946，since________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.

【答案】①where　②when

练习

选择

1.Forme,GonewiththeWindisaveryhappydiscovery,_____Ishallreturnfrequently.

A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich

2.Thehouse________LuXunusedtoliveisnowamuseum.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.there

介词填空

3.Idisagreewiththefacts______whichyourargumentisbased.

4.Thesong,______whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain

.

5.Thisisthereason______whichheoftencomestoschoollate.

6.Iwillneverforgettheway______whichmyteachertaughtme.

7.Thisisthehero______whomweareproud.

8.Iwanttofindtheverypen______whichIwrotethatletter.

9.Theyarethestudents______whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.

10.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends______whomyoucanshareyourfeelingsandthoughts.

11.Itwillnotbenecessarytonametheperson______whomthecardbelongs.

12.Iwouldalwaysliketodobusinesswiththosepeople________whomIcanrely.

语法填空

13.Theage（37）________theaveragewomanhasherfirstbabyisnow28inWesternEurope,anditisgettinglater.

14.Teachersfaceabigchallengeinsuchasituation.Whentheyenteraclassroom（36）____________mostofthestudentsdonotwanttobethereanddonotwanttostudy,howcantheyteach?

15.“Whatwewearandhowwewearourclothesisallpartandparceloftheway（30）__________wecommunicatewitheachother.”ShetoldtheBBC.

16.Whereverhewent,hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,（37）____________hewrotedownhisideas.

答案：

1-2CC

3.On4.in5.for6.in7.of8.with9.of10.with11.to12.on

13.Atwhich14.Inwhich15.Inwhich16.Onwhich

五、定语从句中含有插入语

定语从句和先行词之间常常会有Ithink，youknow，Ibelieve，Ithought等插入语。

做此类题目时，我们要先去除插入语，再选择正确的关系词。

完成下列句子：

①Thisistheschool________youknowIoncestudied.

②Ipickedupaman________Ithoughtwashonest.

＝Ipickedupaman________Ithoughttobehonest.

③Hemadeadiscovery，________（我认为）isveryimportant.

【答案】①where　②who；that/who/whom/不填　③whichIthink

六、找准先行词

一般说来，定语从句是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，但有时也会出现先行词和定语从句被一个词或一个短语所分隔，或者谓语太短等情况，这时我们要根据定语从句的句意判断哪一个词是先行词。

①I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

②She'llneverforgetherstaythere________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.

③Thedaysaregone________weusedtheforeignoil.

1.Therewasatimeinmylife________IhatedtogotoschoolbecauseIdidn'tgetonwellwithmyclassmates.

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which

2.You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.

A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as

【答案】①whom/who　②when　③when

七、way和time后接定语从句的情况

1.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway

hesaidit.

3.Thisisthesecondtime（that）thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.

4.Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.

注意：

1．在定语从句中，theway在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是inwhich,that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。

2．先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。

八、有oneof的定语从句

定语从句先行词有oneof修饰时从句谓语动词用复数，用theonlyoneof才用单数。

比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

①Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____French．

②Johnisoneofthestudentswho____French．

A．knowB．knowsC．knowingD．known

九、综合练习

单选

1.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,_________usesitdifferently.

A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem

2.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.

A.whichB.whenC.asD.where

3.Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.what

4.Theexactyear________AngolaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.

A.wh