中考语法考点透视 非谓语动词.docx
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中考语法考点透视非谓语动词
中考语法考点透视非谓语动词
【考点扫描】
非谓语动词是指分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即:
doing,done;todo。
虽然非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但是它们仍具有动词的特征,它们都能带自己的状语或跟宾语。
分词具有形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词具有名词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
【策略点拨】
考查非谓语动词的常见题型有选择填空、用动词的适当形式填空等。
做这类题时主要是找到相关的关键词,平时学习的时候要牢记这些重点的常见的动词用法。
一.动词不定式:
不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成,复习时把握好以下要点。
1.作主语。
往往放在句子后半部分,用it作形式主语。
如:
ItisimportanttostudyEnglishhard.
2.作表语。
如果主语部分含有实义动词do,而表语的不定式又是表示do的内容,这时不定式符号to可有可无。
如:
AllIdidwas(to)waithere.
3.作定语。
如果不定式为不及物动词,又与被修饰的词有动宾关系时,它后面就应有相应的介词。
如:
Hehasn’tahousetolivein.
4.作状语。
有时不定式与“inorderto”,“soasto”合起来作状语。
如:
InordertostudyEnglishwell,sheworksveryhard.
5.不定式省略to的情况:
(1)不定式在感观动词(see,notice,lookat,listento,hear,watch,feel,observe)、使役动词(let,make,have)后作宾语补足语时,通常省去to。
如:
Ihavemystudentscomeearly.
(2)不定式在help后作宾补时,可带to,也可省略to。
如:
Ihelpedhim(to)findhislostwatch.
注意:
以上两种情况变成被动语态时要加上to。
如:
Shewasseentogointotheclassroom.
(3)如果两个或多个不定式并列使用时,常在第一个不定式前面加to,后面一般都省略。
如:
Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.
6.“疑问词+不定式”组成的不定式短语在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。
如:
Shetoldmewhentostart.
二.动名词:
动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成,与现在分词同形。
动名词具有名词的特征,其前可以由物主代词或名词所有格表示逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。
如:
Seeingisbelieving.
Yourcomingmadeushappy.
2.动名词与不定式的区别
(1)动名词前可以有介词,可被物主代词或名词所有格修饰,而不定式则不能。
如:
Thestudentsaretalkingabouttheirstudying.
(2)某些动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语的区别:
一般说来前者着重一般概念,后者强调具体情况。
试比较:
Webothlikereadingnovels.我们俩都喜欢读小说。
(一般)
Webothliketoreadthenovel.我们俩都喜欢读这本小说。
(具体)
(3)有些动词常接不定式作宾语,如:
ask,decide,agree,plan等。
有些动词常接动名词作宾语,如:
finish,enjoy,mind等。
还有的动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大,如:
remember/forgetdoing(记得/忘记曾经做过某事)
remember/forgettodo(记得/忘记要做某事)
stopdoing(停止做某事)
stoptodo(停下来去做某事)
goondoing(继续做未完的事)
goontodo(继续接着做另一件事)
trydoing(试着做某事)
trytodo(尽力设法做某事)
三.分词:
分词具有形容词、副词的特征,在句子中可以作宾语、表语、状语和补语。
现在分词是由“动词原形+ing”构成,过去分词是由“动词原形+ed”构成。
1.现在分词与过去分词用法区别:
(1)在语态方面,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。
试比较:
Weknowthesurprisingfact.
Thosesurprisedpeoplewerestupefied(惊呆)anddidn’tmoveatall.
(2)在时间方面,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已经完成。
试比较:
Thechangingworldisdevelopingveryquickly.
Thechangedcountriesstillneeddeveloping.
2.分词作定语。
一般情况下,单个分词要放在被修饰词的前面,分词短语要放在被修饰分词之后。
试比较:
Thereisaninterestingbookforchildren.
ThereisaletterwrittenbyLiMing.
3.分词作表语。
现在分词一般表示主语的特征和属性,过去分词一般表示主语所处的状态。
试比较:
Thisnovelisveryinteresting.
Thecupisbroken.
4.现在分词作宾语补足语与不定式作宾语补足语的区别:
分词表示动词正在进行,不定式表示动作的全过程已经结束。
试比较:
Isawherpassingacrosstheroad.(动作正在进行)
Isawherpassacrosstheroad.(动作全部结束)
I.选择填空
()1.Hearingthegoodnews,wecan’thelp______.
A.laughingB.tolaughC.laughedD.laugh
()2.Ihaven’tgotachair______.Willyoumakeroomforme?
A.tositB.tositinC.forsittingD.sittingon
()3.Itwassocoldthatthetravelershadthefire______allthenight.
A.burningB.toburnC.burnD.burnt
()4.It’stimeforMeimeiand______tothePalaceMuseum.
A.IgoingB.ItogoC.megoingD.metogo
()5.Hisfathertoldhim______playcomputergames.
A.notB.don’tC.nottoD.tonot
()6.Theparentsmaketheirson______theroomeverymorning.
A.totidyB.tidyingC.tidiedD.tidy
()7.Youlooktired.You’dbetter______tobedearlier.
A.togoB.goC.wentD.going
()8.Thescientiststopped______tomethoughhewasbusy.
A.talkingB.totalkC.tohavetalkD.havingtalk
()9.It’sverykind______youtohelpme.
A.withB.ofC.forD.off
()10.Ihavenopen______.
A.towriteB.towriteonC.towritewithD.forwrite
()11.—Wouldyouliketoattendmybirthdayparty,Lucy?
—____________.
A.Oh,thanks.I’dloveto.B.Oh,thankyouverymuch.I’mglad.
C.Yes,Ido.It’sapleasure.D.Notatall.
()12.Somepeoplewerereadinginthelibrary.MissYangaskedme______loudlythere.
A.speakB.don'tspeakC.notspeakD.nottospeak
()13.Howdidyoumakethechild______whilehewascrying?
A.smileB.tosmileC.smilesD.smiled
()14.Wouldyoumindmy______thewindow?
A.openingB.openC.toopenD.opened
()15.Don'tletthelittleboy______intheriver.
A.swimB.swimsC.swimmingD.toswim
()16.Isawthem______volleyballatthistimeyesterday.
A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing
()17.Lilyisoftenheard______inherbedroom.
A.singB.singsC.tosingD.sang
()18.Therunnerfell,buthequicklygotupandwenton______
A.runningB.runC.toD.ran
()19.——Haveyoufinished______thebook?
——Notyet.I'lltry______ittoyoubeforeFriday.
A.reading,returningB.toread,toreturnC.reading,toreturnD.toread,returning
()20.Manypeoplewatchedtheboys______themountainatthattime.
A.climbB.climbingC.toclimbD.climbed
()21.LucyandLilyenjoy______inChina.
A.liveB.livesC.toliveD.living
()22.Ilike______,butIdon'tlike______rightnow.
A.singing;tosingB.tosing;singC.singing;singingD.tosing;tosing
()23.You'dbetter______himaboutthat.
A.don'ttellB.nottellC.tonottellD.nottotell
()24.It'stimeto______school.
A.goB.getC.togoD.have
()25.Parentsshould_____theirchildren______smoking.
A.stop,forB.stop,fromC.ask;toD.ask,from
()26.Thebabystopped______assoonasshesawhermother.
A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cries
()27.—WhatshallwedothisSunday?
—Why______toWestHillFarm?
—Goodidea.
A.don'tgoB.younotgoC.notgoD.nottogo
()28.Everybodyisbusy______readyforChristmasandbuyingChristmaspresents.
A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got
()29.Heranintotheroom______thegirl.
A.savingB.tosaveC.savesD.saved
()30.—Didtheteachertellyou______thisafternoon?
—Yes.We'llgotovisittheScienceMuseum.
A.towhereB.howtodoC.whattodoD.todowhat
()31.—________wegoat7:
30?
—Whatabout______italittleearlier?
A.Shall,makingB.Shall,tomakeC.Will,makingD.Will,tomake
()32.——Didyouhearher______thissong?
——Sometimes.
A.singB.sangC.singingD.tosing
()33.I'msorryI'vekeptyou_____forsolong.
A.waitB.waitingC.workD.towork
()34.Idecided______lateagain.
A.tobenotB.tonotbeC.don'tbeD.nottobe
()35.Willyouplease______withmetomorrow?
A.gotoseethefilmB.togotothecinemaC.gotocinemaD.togotoseethefilm
()36.Remember______yourseattoanolderpersononthebus.
A.togiveB.giveC.givingD.gives
()37.Theteachertoldusnot______inthesun.
A.readB.toreadC.readsD.reading
()38.Mywatchdoesn’twork.Imusthaveit______.
A.repaired B.repairs C.repair D.repairing
()39.Stop______somuchnoise!
Myfatherissleeping.
A.tomake B.making C.tohear D.hearing
()40.Wearenowshort___freshwater.Somethingmustbedonetostoppeople___pollutingit.
A.for,toB.for,fromC.of,toD.of,from
()41.Thelittlegirlsawthemonkeyinthepark______withatoybear.
A.toplayB.playingC.isplayingD.plays
()42.Tomorrow’smeetingisveryimportant.Pleaseaskthem______thereontime.
A.go B.going C.togo D.went
()43.Doyouenjoy______Englishinourclass,Mr.Green?
A.teach B.taught C.toteach D.teaching
()44.ThatdayIsawsomeparents______atthebackoftheclassroom,______totheteacher.
A.sitting,listenedB.sat,listenedC.sitting,listeningD.sat,listening
()45.—Didyouhaveanyone______thetrees?
—Yes,Ihadthetrees______.
A.towater,waterB.towater,wateredC.water,tobewateredD.water,watered
()46.—Doyoustillremember______mesomewhereinShanghai?
—Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.
A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw
()47.Theyoungladywatchedherdaughter______ayo-yoyesterdayafternoon.
A.toplaywithB.playingwithC.toplayD.plays
()48.Nomatterhowharditis,we’llkeep______untilwemakeit.
A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying
()49.Ihavefinished______thisbook,Youcantakeitaway.
A.toreadB.readC.readingD.reads
()50.Ihearsomeone______atthedoor.Pleasegoandseewho______is.
A.knock,itB.knocking,.itC.knocking,heD.knock,he
()51.Heistooold______thebox.
A.tocarryB.carryingC.carryD.carries
()52.—IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang’shomejustnow.
__Yes,sheisoftenseen______theoldmanwithhishousework.
A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped
()53.—Couldyougivemeahand,please?
—Sure.Whatwouldyoulikeme______?
A.doB.todoC.doingD.does
()54.I’llbesorry______Kunming.I’veenjoyedlivinghere.
A.toleaveB.toliveinC.tostayinD.visit
()55.Heoftenaskshisson______hisclothes.
A.towashB.washC.washingD.washed
()56.SomeboysofClassOneenjoy______music.
A.listentoB.listenstoC.listeningtoD.listenedto
()57.Theydecided______onthefieldtripbecauseoftherain.
A.togoB.nogoingC.nottogoD.going
()58.AuntLioftenaskherson______toomuchmeat.It’sbadforhishealth.
A.don’teatB.nottoeatC.noteatD.tonoteat
()59.SorryforIcan'tgo.BecauseIhavesomanythings______.
A.doneB.todoC.doingD.tobedone
()60.I'moldandIhavenochance_______thearmy.
A.joinB.tojoinC.joinedD.joining
()61.—Shoppingwithme?
—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes______.
A.towashB.washedC.washD.tobewashed
()62.Thepolicemantoldthelittleboy______footballinthestreet.It’sdangerous.
A.notplayB.notplayingC.nottoplayD.toplay
()63.Wehavetworooms____