中考语法考点透视 非谓语动词.docx

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中考语法考点透视非谓语动词

中考语法考点透视非谓语动词

【考点扫描】

非谓语动词是指分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即:

doing,done;todo。

虽然非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但是它们仍具有动词的特征,它们都能带自己的状语或跟宾语。

分词具有形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词具有名词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

【策略点拨】

考查非谓语动词的常见题型有选择填空、用动词的适当形式填空等。

做这类题时主要是找到相关的关键词,平时学习的时候要牢记这些重点的常见的动词用法。

一.动词不定式:

不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成,复习时把握好以下要点。

1.作主语。

往往放在句子后半部分,用it作形式主语。

如:

ItisimportanttostudyEnglishhard.

2.作表语。

如果主语部分含有实义动词do,而表语的不定式又是表示do的内容,这时不定式符号to可有可无。

如:

AllIdidwas(to)waithere.

3.作定语。

如果不定式为不及物动词,又与被修饰的词有动宾关系时,它后面就应有相应的介词。

如:

Hehasn’tahousetolivein.

4.作状语。

有时不定式与“inorderto”,“soasto”合起来作状语。

如:

InordertostudyEnglishwell,sheworksveryhard.

5.不定式省略to的情况:

(1)不定式在感观动词(see,notice,lookat,listento,hear,watch,feel,observe)、使役动词(let,make,have)后作宾语补足语时,通常省去to。

如:

Ihavemystudentscomeearly.

(2)不定式在help后作宾补时,可带to,也可省略to。

如:

Ihelpedhim(to)findhislostwatch.

注意:

以上两种情况变成被动语态时要加上to。

如:

Shewasseentogointotheclassroom.

(3)如果两个或多个不定式并列使用时,常在第一个不定式前面加to,后面一般都省略。

如:

Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.

6.“疑问词+不定式”组成的不定式短语在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。

如:

Shetoldmewhentostart.

二.动名词:

动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成,与现在分词同形。

动名词具有名词的特征,其前可以由物主代词或名词所有格表示逻辑上的主谓关系。

1.动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。

如:

Seeingisbelieving.

Yourcomingmadeushappy.

2.动名词与不定式的区别

(1)动名词前可以有介词,可被物主代词或名词所有格修饰,而不定式则不能。

如:

Thestudentsaretalkingabouttheirstudying.

(2)某些动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语的区别:

一般说来前者着重一般概念,后者强调具体情况。

试比较:

Webothlikereadingnovels.我们俩都喜欢读小说。

(一般)

Webothliketoreadthenovel.我们俩都喜欢读这本小说。

(具体)

(3)有些动词常接不定式作宾语,如:

ask,decide,agree,plan等。

有些动词常接动名词作宾语,如:

finish,enjoy,mind等。

还有的动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大,如:

remember/forgetdoing(记得/忘记曾经做过某事)

remember/forgettodo(记得/忘记要做某事)

stopdoing(停止做某事)

stoptodo(停下来去做某事)

goondoing(继续做未完的事)

goontodo(继续接着做另一件事)

trydoing(试着做某事)

trytodo(尽力设法做某事)

三.分词:

分词具有形容词、副词的特征,在句子中可以作宾语、表语、状语和补语。

现在分词是由“动词原形+ing”构成,过去分词是由“动词原形+ed”构成。

1.现在分词与过去分词用法区别:

(1)在语态方面,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。

试比较:

Weknowthesurprisingfact.

Thosesurprisedpeoplewerestupefied(惊呆)anddidn’tmoveatall.

(2)在时间方面,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已经完成。

试比较:

Thechangingworldisdevelopingveryquickly.

Thechangedcountriesstillneeddeveloping.

2.分词作定语。

一般情况下,单个分词要放在被修饰词的前面,分词短语要放在被修饰分词之后。

试比较:

Thereisaninterestingbookforchildren.

ThereisaletterwrittenbyLiMing.

3.分词作表语。

现在分词一般表示主语的特征和属性,过去分词一般表示主语所处的状态。

试比较:

Thisnovelisveryinteresting.

Thecupisbroken.

4.现在分词作宾语补足语与不定式作宾语补足语的区别:

分词表示动词正在进行,不定式表示动作的全过程已经结束。

试比较:

Isawherpassingacrosstheroad.(动作正在进行)

Isawherpassacrosstheroad.(动作全部结束)

I.选择填空

()1.Hearingthegoodnews,wecan’thelp______.

A.laughingB.tolaughC.laughedD.laugh

()2.Ihaven’tgotachair______.Willyoumakeroomforme?

A.tositB.tositinC.forsittingD.sittingon

()3.Itwassocoldthatthetravelershadthefire______allthenight.

A.burningB.toburnC.burnD.burnt

()4.It’stimeforMeimeiand______tothePalaceMuseum.

A.IgoingB.ItogoC.megoingD.metogo

()5.Hisfathertoldhim______playcomputergames.

A.notB.don’tC.nottoD.tonot

()6.Theparentsmaketheirson______theroomeverymorning.

A.totidyB.tidyingC.tidiedD.tidy

()7.Youlooktired.You’dbetter______tobedearlier.

A.togoB.goC.wentD.going

()8.Thescientiststopped______tomethoughhewasbusy.

A.talkingB.totalkC.tohavetalkD.havingtalk

()9.It’sverykind______youtohelpme.

A.withB.ofC.forD.off

()10.Ihavenopen______.

A.towriteB.towriteonC.towritewithD.forwrite

()11.—Wouldyouliketoattendmybirthdayparty,Lucy?

—____________.

A.Oh,thanks.I’dloveto.B.Oh,thankyouverymuch.I’mglad.

C.Yes,Ido.It’sapleasure.D.Notatall.

()12.Somepeoplewerereadinginthelibrary.MissYangaskedme______loudlythere.

A.speakB.don'tspeakC.notspeakD.nottospeak

()13.Howdidyoumakethechild______whilehewascrying?

A.smileB.tosmileC.smilesD.smiled

()14.Wouldyoumindmy______thewindow?

A.openingB.openC.toopenD.opened

()15.Don'tletthelittleboy______intheriver.

A.swimB.swimsC.swimmingD.toswim

()16.Isawthem______volleyballatthistimeyesterday.

A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing

()17.Lilyisoftenheard______inherbedroom.

A.singB.singsC.tosingD.sang

()18.Therunnerfell,buthequicklygotupandwenton______

A.runningB.runC.toD.ran

()19.——Haveyoufinished______thebook?

——Notyet.I'lltry______ittoyoubeforeFriday.

A.reading,returningB.toread,toreturnC.reading,toreturnD.toread,returning

()20.Manypeoplewatchedtheboys______themountainatthattime.

A.climbB.climbingC.toclimbD.climbed

()21.LucyandLilyenjoy______inChina.

A.liveB.livesC.toliveD.living

()22.Ilike______,butIdon'tlike______rightnow.

A.singing;tosingB.tosing;singC.singing;singingD.tosing;tosing

()23.You'dbetter______himaboutthat.

A.don'ttellB.nottellC.tonottellD.nottotell

()24.It'stimeto______school.

A.goB.getC.togoD.have

()25.Parentsshould_____theirchildren______smoking.

A.stop,forB.stop,fromC.ask;toD.ask,from

()26.Thebabystopped______assoonasshesawhermother.

A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cries

()27.—WhatshallwedothisSunday?

—Why______toWestHillFarm?

—Goodidea.

A.don'tgoB.younotgoC.notgoD.nottogo

()28.Everybodyisbusy______readyforChristmasandbuyingChristmaspresents.

A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got

()29.Heranintotheroom______thegirl.

A.savingB.tosaveC.savesD.saved

()30.—Didtheteachertellyou______thisafternoon?

—Yes.We'llgotovisittheScienceMuseum.

A.towhereB.howtodoC.whattodoD.todowhat

()31.—________wegoat7:

30?

—Whatabout______italittleearlier?

A.Shall,makingB.Shall,tomakeC.Will,makingD.Will,tomake

()32.——Didyouhearher______thissong?

——Sometimes.

A.singB.sangC.singingD.tosing

()33.I'msorryI'vekeptyou_____forsolong.

A.waitB.waitingC.workD.towork

()34.Idecided______lateagain.

A.tobenotB.tonotbeC.don'tbeD.nottobe

()35.Willyouplease______withmetomorrow?

A.gotoseethefilmB.togotothecinemaC.gotocinemaD.togotoseethefilm

()36.Remember______yourseattoanolderpersononthebus.

A.togiveB.giveC.givingD.gives

()37.Theteachertoldusnot______inthesun.

A.readB.toreadC.readsD.reading

()38.Mywatchdoesn’twork.Imusthaveit______.

A.repaired  B.repairs  C.repair D.repairing

()39.Stop______somuchnoise!

Myfatherissleeping.

A.tomake   B.making  C.tohear  D.hearing  

()40.Wearenowshort___freshwater.Somethingmustbedonetostoppeople___pollutingit.

A.for,toB.for,fromC.of,toD.of,from

()41.Thelittlegirlsawthemonkeyinthepark______withatoybear.

A.toplayB.playingC.isplayingD.plays

()42.Tomorrow’smeetingisveryimportant.Pleaseaskthem______thereontime.

A.go    B.going   C.togo   D.went

()43.Doyouenjoy______Englishinourclass,Mr.Green?

A.teach    B.taught    C.toteach    D.teaching    

()44.ThatdayIsawsomeparents______atthebackoftheclassroom,______totheteacher.

A.sitting,listenedB.sat,listenedC.sitting,listeningD.sat,listening

()45.—Didyouhaveanyone______thetrees?

—Yes,Ihadthetrees______.

A.towater,waterB.towater,wateredC.water,tobewateredD.water,watered

()46.—Doyoustillremember______mesomewhereinShanghai?

—Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.

A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw

()47.Theyoungladywatchedherdaughter______ayo-yoyesterdayafternoon.

A.toplaywithB.playingwithC.toplayD.plays

()48.Nomatterhowharditis,we’llkeep______untilwemakeit.

A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying

()49.Ihavefinished______thisbook,Youcantakeitaway.

A.toreadB.readC.readingD.reads

()50.Ihearsomeone______atthedoor.Pleasegoandseewho______is.

A.knock,itB.knocking,.itC.knocking,heD.knock,he

()51.Heistooold______thebox.

A.tocarryB.carryingC.carryD.carries

()52.—IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang’shomejustnow.

__Yes,sheisoftenseen______theoldmanwithhishousework.

A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped

()53.—Couldyougivemeahand,please?

—Sure.Whatwouldyoulikeme______?

A.doB.todoC.doingD.does

()54.I’llbesorry______Kunming.I’veenjoyedlivinghere.

A.toleaveB.toliveinC.tostayinD.visit

()55.Heoftenaskshisson______hisclothes.

A.towashB.washC.washingD.washed

()56.SomeboysofClassOneenjoy______music.

A.listentoB.listenstoC.listeningtoD.listenedto

()57.Theydecided______onthefieldtripbecauseoftherain.

A.togoB.nogoingC.nottogoD.going

()58.AuntLioftenaskherson______toomuchmeat.It’sbadforhishealth.

A.don’teatB.nottoeatC.noteatD.tonoteat

()59.SorryforIcan'tgo.BecauseIhavesomanythings______.

A.doneB.todoC.doingD.tobedone

()60.I'moldandIhavenochance_______thearmy.

A.joinB.tojoinC.joinedD.joining

()61.—Shoppingwithme?

—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes______.

A.towashB.washedC.washD.tobewashed

()62.Thepolicemantoldthelittleboy______footballinthestreet.It’sdangerous.

A.notplayB.notplayingC.nottoplayD.toplay

()63.Wehavetworooms____

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