状语从句.docx

状语从句.docx

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状语从句

状语从句

状语从句的本质

英语中的状语从句有9大类，分别可表示:

时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式。

尽管数目较多，但并不难理解。

从本质上讲，状语从句就是用连词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系。

（1）GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It'slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."

（2）NoteveryoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimatesrangeanywherefrom600,000to3million.____thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:

thatthenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.

A.NowthatB.AlthoughC.ProvidedD.Exceptthat

（3）Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers，______notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeverydaysurvivalskillsneededtoturntheirlivesaround.

A.whenB.onceC.whileD.whereas

（4）Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,____othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.

A.whenB.sinceC.forD.Whereas

（5）Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive____avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensimposedbyemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.

A.butB.whileC.andD.Whereas

一、时间状语从句

1.Before在......之前

（1）EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.

（2）Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.

（3）TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe

（4）ThemineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbsdissolvedInthesoftsolutionbeforetheycanbatakenintotheroot.

2.when的用法（atthattime）

（1）Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined.

3.While的用法

（1）后接连续性动作（duringthattime）

（2）表示“而........”

Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive____avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensimposedbyemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.

A.butB.whileC.andD.Whereas

（3）表示让步“虽然.......”

Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers，______notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeverydaysurvivalskillsneededtoturntheirlivesaround.A.whenB.onceC.whileD.whereas

4.Until的用法

（1）UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.

（2）Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.

（3）In1997helast$21000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatlockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.

（4）Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot____the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronicmedium,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthecompanyoftheperiodical.

A.afterB.byC.duringD.until

2、地点状语从句

3、原因状语从句（because,as,since,for）

1.because

（1）_______theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedtheconfidencethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsareadmiredbyothers.

A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.Because

（2）Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior_____theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthroughinteractionwithothers.

A.beforeB.unlessC.untilD.because

D

2.用介词表示因果关系

常用的介词有becauseof,dueto,owingto。

因为是介词，所以后边只能接名词，不能接从句。

3.复合连词表示原因inthat（原因在于）

（1）Thegirlislikehermother仍thatshealsohasverydelicatefeeling.

（2）Britain'spressisunusualinthatitisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspaper:

thequalitypressandthepopularpress.

（3）Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andsometimesnitrogen.Theyaredifferent____theirelementsarearrangeddifferently.

A.inthatB.sothatC.suchthatD.exceptthat

4.seeing（that》，now（that），considering（that），given（that）

它们都有“鉴于某个事实，考虑到....”的意思。

（1）Seeingthatit'sraininghard,we'l1havetostayhereforthenight.

（2）Theydidthejobverywell,consideringthattheyhadnoexperience.

（3）Giventhattheyareinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.

（4）Nowthatthesemesterisfinished,I'mgoingtorestafewdaysandthentakeatrip.

（5）Nowthatyouaresixteen,youcangetadriver`slicense.

4、目的状语从句

1.常用连词sothat,inorderthat

（1）FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm"haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway"sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

（2）Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshaveshortattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized____participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipantsdown.

A.ifonlyB.nowthatC.sothatD.evenif

2.其他引导词lest,forfear（that）,incase也可引导目的状语从句，译为“以免”、“以防止”、“生怕……”

（1）They（scientists）shouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquiresdeceptiveappearanceoftruth.

（2）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.

结果状语从句

1.常用连词so......that.....,such.....that.....,sothat,suchthat

（1）Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder-kitchenrage.

（2）ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.

（3）NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.

2.结果状语从句的倒装

在英文中，such/so...that引导的结果状语从句，为了强调，还可以将主句中的so或such置于句首从而构成倒装结构。

Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.

3.其他短语连接的结果状语从句

这些结构有:

tothedegree（that）,totheextent（that）,tosuchadegree（that）,tosuchanextent（that）o当它们位于句首表强调时，主句需倒装。

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."

条件状语从句

1.常用连词最常见的引导词是if和unless

lfwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?

Youdon'tneedanumbrellaunlessitisraining.

2.onlyif（只有）与ifonly（只要）

（1）Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme_____shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.

A.eversinceB.muchasC.eventhoughD.ifonly

（2）HeCancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily____heproducesasurplus.00年完形填空

A.onlyifB.muchasC.longbeforeD.eversince

3.if......betodo,主语+must\willhavetodo......如果（从句）一定得怎么样，那么（主句）必须怎么样

（1）Thefirsttwoelementsmustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceIstobemade.

（2）Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves——goalsthatposearealchallenge.

（3）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition-wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny----mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.

4.其他引导条件从句的连词

suppose（that）,supposing（that）,providing/provided（that）,solongas,aslongas,onconditionthat

（1）GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It'slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."

（2）YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting_youdon'tmindtakingthenighttrain

A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.Until

（3）Hewillsurelyfinishthejobontime_he'slefttodo