经典分析弥尔顿--失乐园分析.ppt

经典分析弥尔顿--失乐园分析.ppt

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JohnMilton（16081674）HeremainedoutsidebothDonnesandJonsonsinfluenceParadiseLosttakesitsplaceinwesternliteraturealongwithHomersIlliadandOdyssey,VirgilsAneid伊尼伊德,andDantesDivineComedyandinEnglishliteraturewithBeowulfandSpensersFairieQueene.1.JohnMiltonsTimes1642-1649:

EnglishCivilWarKing/AnglicanClergyvs.Parliament（dominatedbyPuritans）ProtestantRevolution（DeathofKingCharlesI）1649-1660:

NoBritishKing1649-1653:

Commonwealth1653-1658:

ProtectorateofOliverCromwell1660:

Restoration（ofKingCharlesII）2.MiltonsReligion1）.MiltonbelievedthateachindividualChristianshouldbehisownchurch,withoutanyestablishmenttoencumberhim.2）.Inhislateryears,MiltoncametoviewallorganizedChristianchurches,whetherAnglican,CatholicorPresbyterian,asanobstacletotruefaith.3.Hisrevolutionarycareer1）.Pamphleteeringinthecauseofreligiousandcivillibertyin1641-60.2）.AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwellsCouncilofStatein1649.3）.CensorandeditoroftheCommonwealthpaper,MercuriusPoliticuin1651.LatinDefenseofthePeopleofEngland.4）.Totallyblindin1652andimprisonedforashorttimeaftertherestorationandthenretiredtoprivatelife.4.Miltonsliterarycareer1625-1640:

shortpoems:

LAllegroandIlPenseroso（1632）,Comus（1634,宴会欢乐之神）,andLycidas（1638）1640-1660:

pamphletsandtracts:

Areopagitica（1644论出版自由）;TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople（1650）;The2ndDefenseoftheEnglishPeople（1650）.1660-1674:

ParadiseLost（1667）,ParadiseRegained（1671）,andSamsonAgonistes（1671）.1）.MiltonsWorksofHisEarlyDaysPoemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton:

a.OntheMorningofChristsNativity基督诞基督诞生晨颂生晨颂,firstimportantworkb.LAllegro快乐的人快乐的人Penseroso幽思的人幽思的人c.Comus科玛斯科玛斯amask假面剧假面剧,inblankversed.Lycidas利西达斯利西达斯,expressingthepathos（哀颂哀颂）ofhisfriendEdwardKingsprematuredeathtwinlyricalpoemsRhyme:

abbacdeec2）.Worksofhisadultyears:

a.pamphletsonreligiousreformOfReformationinEngland论英国改革b.pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce:

DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce离婚的戒律与学说c.Areopagitica论出版自由aproseworkforthefreedomofthepressd.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩Apamphletagainstthedivinerightoftheking.Peoplemadetheking,sothekingshoulddoeverythingforthepeople.e.TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople再为英国人民声辩再为英国人民声辩AnanswertotheproductionsagainsttheCommonwealth.Fightforthelibertyofthenationsintheworldandrecovertheirlostliberty.3）.Miltonsworksofoldagea.ParadiseLostb.ParadiseRegainedc.SamsonAgonistes5.ParadiseLost（1667）1）.OverviewofParadiseLost_Miltonsmasterpiece._Alongepicin12books._takenfromtheOldTestament._Majorcharacters:

Satan,God,Archangel,Adam,Eve_ItisaboutSatansrebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsionofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.ThecreationTherebellionofSatanandhisfellowangelsTheirdefeatandexpulsionfromHeavenCreationoftheearthandofAdamandEveSataninhellplottingagainstGodSatanstemptationofEveDepartureofAdamandEvefromEden2）.TheStoryofParadiseLostParadiseLostLeadingUptotheBeginningAtthebeginningofpoem,warinHeavenhasbeenoverfortwoweeks;Forninedays,SatanandthosewhofoughtGodalongsidehimhavebeenlyinginHell,stunnedattheoutcome;ThefirstcharactertomoveisSatan,whobeginsbyspeakingtoBeelzebub;Startstosortofrallyhistroops.AtthecenteroftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualdutyliesMiltonsfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoice;thefreedomtosubmittoGodsprohibitiononeatingtheappleandthechoiceofdisobediencemadeforlove.Eve,seducedbySatansrhetoricandherownconfusedambitionfallsintosinthroughinnocentcredulity.AdamfallsbyconsciouslychoosinghumanloveratherthanobeyingGod.Thisistheerrorwhereinhisgreatnesslies.InthefallofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfullhumanity.Butmansfallisthesequeltoanotherandmorestupendoustragedy,thefalloftheangels.Byliftinghisargumenttothatplane,Miltonraisestheproblemofevilinamoreintractableform.MiltonheldthatGodcreatedallthingsoutofHimself,includingevil.TherewasevilinHeavenbeforeSatanrebelled:

Pride,Lust,Wrath,andAvaricewerethere.3）.Themes:

arevoltagainstGodsauthorityAttheexaltationoftheSontheseforceseruptedandwerecastforth.ButGodsufferedthemtoescapefromHellandinfecttheEarth.Andthenthetragedywasre-enacted,butwithadifference“Manshallfindgrace”.Buthemustlayholdofitbyanactoffree-will.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMiltonscreed.HispoemattemptstoconvinceusthattheunquestionabletruthofBiblicalrevelationmeansthatanall-knowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandEvetobetemptedand,oftheirfreewill,tochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishment.And,thereby,itopensthewayforthevoluntarysacrificeofChrist,whichshowedthemercyofGodinbringinggoodoutevil.OnlySixmajo