经典分析弥尔顿--失乐园分析.ppt

1、 John Milton(16081674)He remained outside both Donnes and Jonsons influence Paradise Lost takes its place in western literature along with Homers Illiad and Odyssey,Virgils Aneid伊尼伊德,and Dantes Divine Comedy and in English literature with Beowulf and Spensers Fairie Queene.1.John Miltons Times1642-1

2、649:English Civil WarKing/Anglican Clergy vs.Parliament(dominated by Puritans)Protestant Revolution(Death of King Charles I)1649-1660:No British King1649-1653:Commonwealth1653-1658:Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell1660:Restoration(of King Charles II)2.Miltons Religion 1).Milton believed that each indi

3、vidual Christian should be his own church,without any establishment to encumber him.2).In his later years,Milton came to view all organized Christian churches,whether Anglican,Catholic or Presbyterian,as an obstacle to true faith.3.His revolutionary career1).Pamphleteering in the cause of religious

4、and civil liberty in 1641-60.2).Appointed Latin Secretary to Cromwells Council of State in 1649.3).Censor and editor of the Commonwealth paper,Mercurius Politicu in 1651.Latin Defense of the People of England.4).Totally blind in 1652 and imprisoned for a short time after the restoration and then ret

5、ired to private life.4.Miltons literary career1625-1640:short poems:LAllegro and Il Penseroso(1632),Comus(1634,宴会欢乐之神),and Lycidas(1638)1640-1660:pamphlets and tracts:Areopagitica(1644论出版自由);The Defense of the English People(1650);The 2nd Defense of the English People(1650).1660-1674:Paradise Lost(1

6、667),Paradise Regained(1671),and Samson Agonistes(1671).1).Miltons Works of His Early DaysPoems written in Cambridge and at Horton:a.On the Morning of Christs Nativity 基督诞基督诞生晨颂生晨颂,first important workb.LAllegro快乐的人快乐的人 Penseroso幽思的人幽思的人c.Comus 科玛斯科玛斯a mask假面剧假面剧,in blank versed.Lycidas 利西达斯利西达斯,exp

7、ressing the pathos(哀颂哀颂)of his friend Edward Kings premature deathtwin lyrical poemsRhyme:abbacdeec2).Works of his adult years:a.pamphlets on religious reform Of Reformation in England论英国改革b.pamphlets on marriage and divorce:Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce 离婚的戒律与学说c.Areopagitica 论出版自由 a prose wor

8、k for the freedom of the pressd.Defence of the English People 为英国人民声辩 A pamphlet against the divine right of the king.People made the king,so the king should do everything for the people.e.The Second Defence of the English People 再为英国人民声辩再为英国人民声辩 An answer to the productions against the Commonwealth

9、.Fight for the liberty of the nations in the world and recover their lost liberty.3).Miltons works of old agea.Paradise Lostb.Paradise Regainedc.Samson Agonistes5.Paradise Lost(1667)1).Overview of Paradise Lost_ Miltons masterpiece._ A long epic in 12 books._ taken from the Old Testament._ Major cha

10、racters:Satan,God,Archangel,Adam,Eve _ It is about Satans rebellion against God and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.The creation The rebellion of Satan and his fellow angelsTheir defeat and expulsion from Heaven Creation of the earth and of Adam and EveSatan in hell plotting ag

11、ainst God Satans temptation of Eve Departure of Adam and Eve from Eden2).The Story of Paradise LostParadise Lost Leading Up to the BeginningAt the beginning of poem,war in Heaven has been over for two weeks;For nine days,Satan and those who fought God alongside him have been lying in Hell,stunned at

12、 the outcome;The first character to move is Satan,who begins by speaking to Beelzebub;Starts to sort of rally his troops.At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Miltons fundamental concern with freedom and choice;the freedom to submit to Gods prohibition on eating th

13、e apple and the choice of disobedience made for love.Eve,seduced by Satans rhetoric and her own confused ambition falls into sin through innocent credulity.Adam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God.This is the error wherein his greatness lies.In the fall of man Adam disco

14、vered his full humanity.But mans fall is the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy,the fall of the angels.By lifting his argument to that plane,Milton raises the problem of evil in a more intractable form.Milton held that God created all things out of Himself,including evil.There was evil in

15、 Heaven before Satan rebelled:Pride,Lust,Wrath,and Avarice were there.3).Themes:a revolt against Gods authority At the exaltation of the Son these forces erupted and were cast forth.But God suffered them to escape from Hell and infect the Earth.And then the tragedy was re-enacted,but with a differen

16、ce “Man shall find grace”.But he must lay hold of it by an act of free-will.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Miltons creed.His poem attempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and,of their free will,to choose sin and its inevitable punishment.And,thereby,it opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ,which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out evil.Only Six majo