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CommentariesofXixiaCulturalPark（includingfolk-custom）

MiaoyinBodhisatto（Gadgadasvara）Square

Dearvisitors,theplacewherewearenowinisMiaoyinBodhisatto（Gadgadasvara）Square,Thename“Miaoyin”originatedfromtheauspicioustotemofXixiaDynasty,MiaoyinBirdKalaviṅka,symbolizinggrandeurandnobleness.ItissaidthattheKalaviṅkacanentertaintheWesternBuddhaswithitswonderfulsounds（Miaoyin）.Therefore,thename“Miaoyin”symbolizesourrespectandwelcomesthevisitors.

BeaconTower

ThreebeacontowerssoaringontheleftslopeofMiaoyinSquarearereconstructedaccordingtotherelicsofXixiaBeaconTower.

BeaconTowerisakindofmilitaryfacilitythatusesvisiblesmokeorlighttotransmitmilitaryintelligence.Inthedaylight,soldiersusesmokeasasignaloftheirenemy’sattack.Atnight,theylightafireassignal.Assoonassoldiersatthenextbeacontowerfoundsmokesorthefire,theywouldfollowsuit.Thus,theenemy'ssituationwouldbedeliveredtotheMilitaryCenter.

RebuiltBeacontowershelpusreviewtheimportanceofbeacontowersinancientwarsandappreciatethebeautifulsceneryofXixiaCulturalPark.Steppingontothetowerandlookingafar,youwillhaveanoverallviewofthewholefascinatingsceneryoftheparktomakeyourefreshedandhappy.

RuyiChi（LuckyPool）

 Beneaththebeacontower,thereisalandscapepoolwiththeshapesimilartoruyi,beingnamedRuyiChi（LuckyLake）.Ruyiwithauspicioussenseinancienttimesrevealssuccess,prosperityandgoodluck.TheportaloftheparkisnamedafterMiaoyinbird（Myoonchou）（KALAVIUKAinSanskritlanguage）,aluckybirdstandingforauspiciousnessintheXixiaDynasty.BothMiaoyinbird（Myoonchou）andRuyiChi（LuckyPool）willbothsendgoodlucktoallofyou.

MiaoyinBodhisatto（Gadgadasvara）CulturePoles

TheeighttotempillarsonthesquarerepresenttheeighttribesofXixiaDangxiangEthnicity,whichcorrespondtotheeightZhaipu,includingTuobaZhaipu,PochaoZhaipu,YeliZhaipu,MiqinZhaipu,FangdangZhaipu,WangliZhaipu,FeitingZhaipuandXifengZhaipu.

1.TuobaZhaipu（TuobaWalledFort）CulturePole

BattlescenesintheinitialphaseofthefoundingofXixiaaremainlycarvedontheTuobaZhaipu（TuobaWalledFort）CulturePole.XixiawasjustsetupandtherulerofNorthernSongDynastydidnotwantastrongnationalityrisinginthenorthwestofChina.SohesentmilitaryforcesagainstXixia.Inthethree-yearSong-XixiaWar,XixiaDomainruledbyLiYuanhaoestablishedafirmfootholdinnorthwestofChinaforitsfuturedevelopmentafterSanchuankouBatttle,HaoshuichuanBattleandDingchuanzhaoBattle.

WecanseethatLiYuanhaoismettlesomeandhandsomeahomingpigeonissoaringhighnearhimduringHaoshuichuanBattlefromthepictureofthepole.CarrierpigeonsplayacrucialandimportantroleinHaoshuichuanBattle.DuringtheBattle,LiYuanhaocommandedtoputhundredsofhomingpigeonsintomudboxes,sealandputthemonthemarchofSongtroops,whodidnotknowwhatwasintheboxesandopenedeachbox.Thenhundredsofhomingpigeonsfliedhighinthesky,whichwasthesignalofgeneraloffensiveforXixia.（Accordingtosomescholars,itisthefirsttimethatlarge-scale carrierpigeonsareusedinwarsintherecordedhistory.）Song’sarmyquicklyandunexpectedlycameforthekillfromalldirectionsandgotthetriumphfinally.ThevictoryofthebattleinearlyyearslaidasolidfoundationforthegrowingXixiakingdomanditslatterprosperousculture.

2.YeliZhaipu（YeliWalledFort）CulturePole

OntheYeliZhaipu（YeliWalledFort）CulturePoleshowedmainlymysticalXixiascriptandtypography.Owningone’sownscriptsandlanguageisabadgeofmaturityforanationality.Dangxiangpeoplepossessedtheirownlanguage,butdidnothavetheirowncharacters.SoinventingXixiaScriptswasimperative.Therefore,LiYuanhaocommandedhisclosestministerGeneralYeliRenrongtotakechargeofcreatingXixiascripts.WecanclearlyseetheGeneralcreatingscriptsaloneonthehigh-risesandthesceneofpapermakingandprintinginXixiafromtheengravedpictureoftheculturepillar.WewillgivemoredetailedexplanationsaboutXixiascriptsandprintingtechniqueswhilevisitingYeliZhaipulater.

3.MiqinZhaipu（MiqinWalledFort）CulturePole

XixiawasestablishedbyDangxiangpeople,whichwasanomadicnationalitylovingarracksandwasspirituallydependentonChinesedistillatespirits.Migratingtowherevergrasswasavailableandrushingalongalongjourney.Arracks,theimportantcommodityofDangxiangpeople.AccordingtoBiographyofXixiaKingdom,SongShi,beforeYuanhaoraisedanarmytofightforabattleeachtime,hewouldheadpatriarchstogohuntingtogether,andtheysatinacircleanddrankarrackstogether.DrinkingisnotonlyakindofmaterialenjoymentforXixiapeople,butalsoplayedacrucialroleinthecommunicationsoftribesandencouragingmilitaryspirit.

Thesceneofarracks-makingforXixiapeopleanddrinkingvesselswithtypicalXixiacharacteristicssuchaswhite-glazedstemcupsandXixiaflatkettlesarealsoseenfromtheculturepole.Xixiachinawarewithwidevarietiesisidealutensilforholdingwater,arracksandmilkwhethertheyarelargeorsmall,amongwhichbeautifulandexquisiteflatkettleswithtypicalnationalcharacteristicsandappropriatedesignareexamples,showingtheintelligenceandwisdomofDangxiangpeopleaswellasthecharacteristicsofXixiapeople’slifeandproduction.MoredetailedshowofarrackscultureinXixiawillbegivenwhilewearevisitingMiqinZhaipu.

4.PochaoZhaipu（PochaoWalledFort）CulturePole

TheChineseinventedpotteryinabout8000－2000BC.（inNeolithicage）.FiringpotterywasaprominentfeaturedividingtheNeolithicAgeandPaleolithicperiodandbecameacrucialsymbolforthestartoftheNeolithicAge.CeladonhadalreadybeeninventedinearlyShangDynasty.CeramicartwithrichflavorofChinesenationwasimprovinglittlebylittlewiththedevelopmentofChinesehistory.

Thehistoricalrecordscannot support thebeginningtimefortheriseofXixiaceramics,butXixiaceramicsunearthedarelovedbyCollectorshomeandabroadfordistinctiveshapesanduniquepatterns.Wecanseethesceneofceramicsproductionandceramicshandicraftsbyofferingdisplayofvariousceramicsdesignsandinteractiveexperienceofthem.

5.WangliZhaipu（WangliWalledFort）CulturePole

TheXixiaagriculturaleconomyspranguplate.DangxiangpeoplestillknewnothingaboutsowingandreapingandtherewasnograininsoilatallinTangDynasty.Aftermovinginland,theylearnedhowtofarmgraduallywithpaddiesandwheatastheirmaincropsundertheinfluenceoffarmingcultureofHannationality.AccordingtorecordsofPearlinthePalmandSeaofLiterature（Wenhai）,therehadbeenrichcropvarietiesafterthefoundingofXixiakingdom.Thesceneofricehuskingandcattleploughcouldbeseenfromthepicturecarvedonthepole.Usingcattle-draftedferrousploughwasoneofthemostsignificantsymbolsofChina'sancientagriculturalculture.OnapicturesofagriculturalcultivationinXixiaamongthemuralsofYulinGrottoesinAnxiwasthesceneof"ayokeoftwocattlefortilling",whichwasjustlikethefarmingmethodofCentralChina.CattleploughplayedacrucialroleindevelopingXixiaagriculturaleconomy.ThegiltbronzecowonthepicturenotonlymirroredthehighlevelofXixiabronze-castingtechniques,butalsodemonstratedtheprosperityofXixiaagriculturalproduction.TheWangliZhaipuwillhelpyouexperienceXixiafarmingculture.

6.FangdangZhaipu（FangdangWalledFort）CulturePole

Sinceancienttimes,northernnomadnationalitieshadacloserelationshipwithhorsesinalong-termpracticeofproductionandlifeinpractice,whoaccompaniedtheirmasterstoliveintheextensiveNorthernSteppegenerationaftergeneration.Horseshaveuniquefeaturesnoneofotheranimalshad,whichwonheartsofnomadtribesandinspiredthemwithadmirationtotrytobecloseandaffectionatewithhorses.Horsesareintelligent,flexibleandstrong,goinglikeblazes.

DangxiangnationalityoriginatedfromandbelongedtoQiangnationalityandwasalsooneofgrowingnationsonhorseback.Exceptbeingcourageousandfearsome,Xixiacavalry“IronPigeon”wasonceterror-strickenforNorthernSongtroops.AscanbeseenfromthePole,themountedXixiasoldiersgallopedatfullspeedandwereintimatetohorses.Thesplendidandmagnificenthorsebattlehasbeendesignedintheparktoenableyouexperiencethespectacularandexcitingshowonthescene.Youcanalsorideasteedandenjoythepleasureofspeedingawayonthehorseback.

7.FeitingZhaipu（FeitingWalledFort）CulturePole

Leisureisakindofspare-timelifewithvariouswaysofplayingtomakeaphysicalandmentaladjustmentandrelaxation.Leisureactivitieshadbeenquitepopularsinceancienttimes.Forexample,sevenSagesoftheBambooGroveaddictedthemselvestonatureandtoBohemianism;WangXizhiplayedthegameoffloatingwinecupsalongwindingwateratLanting（OrchidPavilion）,writingthewell-knownLantingjiXu（Preface of Orchid Pavilion Collection）withfar-reachinginfluences;OuyangXiu hadulteriormotivesbetweenlandscapecares.AncientrefinedscholarsallwerelongingforbanquetsandaddictingthemselvestonaturesuchasTaoYuanming,LiBai,SuDongpo,LiuZongyuan,WangAnshi,whoallwerewritingmasterpieceswhileenjoyingtheirleisuretime.Someemperorsandliterarymenareofthesamecase,forexample,theEmperorYangoftheSuidynastyspeciallybuilttheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalforcherishingthememoryofdaysstayinginprosperousYangz