天地之英语用餐饮食地道用法示例.docx
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天地之英语用餐饮食地道用法示例
民以食为天,生活中离不开吃饭睡觉,如果您在外国的餐厅里不会说,不会听,不了解饮食文化,您就会饿死地!
所以从现在起,多了解一下怎么吃,怎么说吧!
一、美国饮食文化习惯
(一)餐具tableware
美国人一般使的是刀knife,叉fork,勺spoon,基本就这三样,不同于中国的筷子chopsticks
(二)用餐礼仪etiquette
如何使用刀叉:
基本原则是右手持刀或汤匙,左手拿叉。
若有两把以上,应有最外面的一把依次向内取用。
刀叉的拿法是轻握尾端,食指按在柄上。
汤匙则用握笔的方式拿即可。
如果感觉不方便,可以换右手拿叉,但更换频繁则显得粗野。
用刀叉吃东西时,应以叉子将左边固定,用刀子切一小口大小,蘸上调味汁送入口中。
美式的吃法:
先将食物全部切成小块,再换右手拿叉子慢慢吃。
但如果吃的是多汁的肉类菜肴,肉汁会流一盘子,很不雅观。
因此最好是切一口吃一口。
吃体积较大的蔬菜时,可用刀叉来折叠、分切。
较软的食物可放在叉子平面上,用刀子整理一下。
刀叉的摆法:
如果吃到一半想放下刀叉略作休息,应把刀叉以八字形状摆在盘子中央,避免服务生或宾客误解造成难堪,刀叉的尖锐部位应指向盘中,若刀叉突出到盘子外面,不安全也不好看。
边说话边挥舞刀叉是失礼举动。
用餐后,将刀叉摆在四点钟方向即可,放成“11”型即可。
(三)上菜的分类
在英语中比较常用的包括听力常出现的一般有:
1、开胃菜appetizer或者starter,一般就是汤onionsoup等等,也有虾片这样的小食品的东西。
2、主菜MainCourse,一般是牛排steak或者鱼fish,或者炸鸡friedchicken等等
3、沙拉salad,一般在菜单的甜品处,但是这个几乎是老外必点的东西。
就是冷食的东西用沙拉酱一拌就行,分为多种,水果、蔬菜等等几乎什么都可以做沙拉,想起来可笑,中国东北的蘸酱菜是不是也是一种沙拉呢?
只是酱料不同吧?
4、饮品drink,refreshment,beverage很多情况是可乐coke,orangejuice,mineralwater,coffee,tea也有酒类,一般是葡萄酒
whitewineredwinewine,或许也有喝中国的烈性酒liquor,spirit
5、甜点dessert,一般是icecream和fruitsalad等等
6、蔬菜Vegetable如Peas,potatoes,lettuce,cabbage
7、水果fruit
8、面包和吐司breadandtoast,吐司就是面包外面刷上东西再烤一下出来吃。
9、海鲜sea-food,例如牡蛎oyster
10、快餐类Pizza,sandwich,hamburger,Frenchfries(薯条)
(四)烹调方法
蒸steam煮boil炖、焖stew翻炒stir-fried炸fried烤bake烧烤barbecue酱汁sauce黄豆酱soyabeanpaste泡菜pickles或者pickledvegetables片slice丁dice小块cube-lets
(五)比较常用的一些词语
eatout外出吃饭tip消费catchone'sattention引起某人注意
customer顾客doggiebag饭盒(带走吃不完的食物)menu菜单
restaurant饭店raw-rare-medium-well-done(一般指牛排的生熟度,依次是生-30%熟-半熟-全熟,前两个又称under-cooked)
takeasip/haveasip尝一下,抿一下receipt[risi:
t]发票
菜谱:
Chineseomelet炒鸡蛋sandwiches三明治fattyfood含油脂多食物prawncreaker虾片apotoftea一壶茶crispfish脆鱼laver紫菜
coconutdrink椰子汁crab螃蟹chops排骨setlunch套餐cucumber黄瓜waxgourd冬瓜sidedish配菜chestnut栗子pearnut花生beancurd豆腐
bambooshoot竹笋chinesecabbage大白菜carrot胡萝卜crawfish小龙虾chowde浓汤shallot葱
friedeggs煎蛋一般要软的,单面叫sunnysideup
双面叫soft,over,pleaseboiledeggs煮蛋
poachedeggs水煮的荷包蛋burger汉堡bacon熏肉cheese奶酪turkey火鸡Hotdogs热狗Ham火腿sausage香肠FriedchickenLeg炸鸡腿BakedTuikeywing烤鸡翅shrimp虾steak牛排chop肋条肉
Porkchops猪排Vegetableplate青菜拼盘Grill(烤)fishsalad烤鱼沙拉Eggroll蛋卷SteamedVegetablebuns蔬菜包子Mockduck素鸭Smokedfish熏鱼T-bonesteak丁字牛排NewYorksteak纽约牛排
bakedpotato烤土豆Frenchfries炸薯条OnionSoup洋葱汤Hot&soursoup酸辣汤mixedseafoodSoup海鲜汤MushroomEggDropSoup蛋花蘑菇汤
二、就餐过程相关
(一)预定makeareservation,bookatable
Ifyouinvitesomeonetohavedinnerinarestaurant,phonetherestaurantfirsttofindoutifyouneedareservationinordertoavoidalongwaitforatable.Tomakeareservation,justgiveyourname,thenumberofpeopleinyourgroup,andthetimeyouplantoarrive.
如果你想请朋友吃饭,最好先打电话进行预定makeareservation,防止到了以后长时间的等待,你需要给出你的姓名、人数、要到的时间。
如果桌子上放着写有reserved的牌子,那就是被人预定了的桌子了。
(二)经典就餐对话
1、场景对话
(1)经典场景长对话一
Waitress:
Goodevening,sirs.Welcometoourrestaurant.
Mr.Lin:
Goodevening.
Waitress:
Doyouhaveareservation?
您有预定么?
Mr.Lin;Yes,thenameisLinQiang.
Waitress:
Letmesee…Oh,yes,we’vebeenexpectingyou,Mr.Lin.Pleasecomethisway.(Sheshowsthemtoatable.)
Waitress:
Isthistableallright?
Mr.LIN:
Oh,terrific!
(棒极了)It’sbythewindow,(靠窗)andquiettoo.It’sexactlywhatIwantbecausewe’vegotalottodiscuss.Thankyou,miss.
Waitress:
Notatall.Pleasemakeyourselvescomfortable.I’llbebackwiththemenusandthetea.(菜单)
(Shereturnswithmenusandthetea.Shepoursteaforthem.)
Mr.Rashid:
Thanks.
Waitress:
Pleaseexcusemeforawhile.I’llberightbacktotakeyourorder.马上回来记下你们点的菜。
(LinandRashidarereadingthemenus.Afterawhile,thewaitressreturns.)
Waitress:
Areyoureadytoordernow,sirs?
Mr.Rashid:
Sorry,we’restilllookingatthemenu.
Mr.Lin:
Waitress,yousee,myguestMr.RashidisaMuslim(穆斯林),sohedoesn’teatport,(猪肉)andMr.Hartisavegetarian.(素食者)Couldyourecommend(推荐)somethingforus?
Waitress:
Certainly.HowaboutfishforMr.Rashid?
OurSweetandSourfishisverypopularwithourcustomers.Youcanseeithereonthemenu…(showingapictureonthemenutoMr.Rashid)
Mr.Rashid:
Er,…Itlooksgood.
Waitress:
Ittastesgood,too.Believeme!
Mr.Rashid:
Fine,I’lltakeit,then.
Waitress:
OK,SweetandSourFish.
(TheWaitresswritesdownonasmallnotebook.)
Waitress:
Anythingelse?
Mr.Rashid:
Somevegetablesplease,butI’dliketoleavethechoicetotheothertwogentlemen.
Waitress:
Allright.Mr.Hart,doyoucareforbeancurd?
(豆腐)
Mr.Hart:
Oh,yes.It’sverynutritious.
Waitress:
Yes,andit’sdelicious,(美味的)too.BeanCurdenCasseroleisoneofourspecialties.(特色菜)Wouldyouliketotryit?
Mr.Hart:
Good.
Waitress:
BeanCurdenCasserole.
(TheWaitressnotedowntheorderagain.)
Waitress:
Asforvegetables,we’vegotachoiceofmushrooms,Chinesecabbage,Chestnuts,bambooshoots,(竹笋)carrots,potatoes…
Mr.Hart:
I’dliketohavemushroomsandbambooshoots,please.Bytheway,pleasedon’tgoeasyongarlic.蒜
Waitress:
Noproblem.Mushroomsandbambooshoots.
(TheWaitressnotesdowntheorder.)
Waitress:
Andyourself,Mr.Lin?
Mr.Lin:
SichuanChickenCube-lets(宫暴鸡丁),please。
Waitress:
Andwhattofollow?
Mr.Lin:
That’sitfornow.
Waitress:
OK.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
Mr.Lin:
Mr.Rashid,Mr.Hart,whatwouldyouliketodrink?
Mr.Rashid:
Orangejuiceplease.
Mr.Hart:
Thesamehere.
Mr.Lin:
OK,orangejuiceforthree,please.
Waitress:
Verywell,sir.You’veorderedoneSweetandSourFish,oneBeanCurdenCasserole,oneMushroom,oneBambooShoots,oneSichuanChickenCube-letsandthreeorangejuices.Pleasewaitamoment.I’llbringthemstraightaway.(重复一下菜名)
Mr.Lin:
Thanks.
上述对话中,侍者先问有没有预定Doyouhaveareservation?
然后带你到餐桌前,菜单叫menu,酒水单叫Winelist,点菜叫order,美味的就说it’sdelicious,营养就说It’sverynutritious.如果您实在不会点就让侍应生推荐Whatdoyourecommend?
或者问问这家饭店的特色菜specialties。
问问今天的特价菜What’stoday’sspecial?
不懂的问问这是什么菜What’sthisdish?
小菜,附加菜叫sidedish,不含酒精的饮料叫softdrink,烤鸭叫RoastDuck,主食叫staplefood
(2)经典场景长对话二:
算错帐
A:
Waitress,what’sthisamountfor,ifyoudon’tmindmyasking?
B:
Oh,it’sforthechickensalad.这是什么的消费
A:
Butwedidn’thaveit.Don’tyourememberIaskedyoutocancelit?
我没吃这个菜,你没记得我取消了这个菜么?
B:
I’mterriblysorry,sir.It’smymistake.I’llchangeitforyoustraightaway.
(3)经典场景长对话三:
满员-等待
A:
Goodevening,sir.Doyouhaveareservation?
B:
No,I’mafraidnot.没预定
A:
Well,I’msorry.We’rejam-packedrightnow.Wouldyoumindwaiting?
满员了,介意等待么?
B:
Howlongwouldwehavetowait?
等多久?
A:
Probablyabout20minutes.
B:
OK,we’llwait.
A:
Allright,pleasewaitinthelounge.I’llbringyouapotoftea.
B:
Thanks.
2、邀请别人MakinganInvitation
Wouldyouliketocomeforacoffee?
Howwouldyouliketocometoourcelebrationdinnerwithme?
庆祝晚宴
Iwaswonderingifyouwouldliketogotothedinnerpartywithus.邀请
We’dlovetohavethepleasureofyourcompanyatadinnerpartythisevening.邀请
We’dreallyappreciateitifyou’dcome.邀请
Areyouabsolutelysureyoucan’t?
Itshouldbefun.挑逗加邀请!
Yes,we’dloveto.同意!
Yes,thatsoundsgreat.同意!
Yes,it’sverykindofyoutoask.同意!
Howniceofyou!
I’llbedelightedtogo.同意!
I’msorry,I’mafraidIcan’t.不去
Sorry,I’dliketo,butIjustcan’t.不去
Sorry.Maybewecanmakeitnexttime?
不去
I’mafraidI’mnotableto,butthanksallthesame.不去
I’msorry,Ireallycan’tthistime.Whataboutanothertime?
不去
3、选择餐桌Choosingatable
Waiter,atablefortwo,please.来一个双人桌。
I’dlikeatablefor6peopleat7:
00thisevening.在几点预定一个多大的桌子。
We’dlikeaquiettablewithafineviewoftheriver.提出要求面窗、安静、景色啦等等。
I’mphoningtomakeareservationfor2peoplefornextSaturdayat6:
30p.m.I’dlikeanon-smokingsection.一句话讲清了各种信息。
Waitress,isthereafreetable?
有空桌么?
Sorry,we’rebookeduptonight.全满员了
Doyoustillhaveprivaterooms?
有单间么?
Sorry,they’reallreserved.(预定了)Wouldyoumindsittinginthemaindining-room?
大厅
Howmanyareyou?
Atableforfour?
4、看菜单点菜Orderingfrommenu
I’dlikeachef’ssalad.主打沙拉
I’dlikesomethingtypicallyChinese.
IwanttotrysomeShanghaicooking.上海菜
IknowBeijingRoastDuckispopularinChina.I’dliketotryit.烤鸭
Pleaseletmeseethemenufirst.
Well,what’sgoodonthemenutoday?
I’llhaveSweetandSourCucumber.
I’lltakecrispfish.
MayIhaveabottleofZhujiangBeer?
5、侍者来记下你要点的菜Takinganorder
Wouldyouliketoordernow?
您现在可以点菜了么?
Haveyoudecidedonsomething,madam?
MayItakeyourordernow,Miss?
Haveyoudecidedwhattohave,sir?
WouldyouliketohaveChinesefoodorWesternfood?
Whatkindofsoupsdoyouhave?
Doyouhavepork,eggplantandlaversoup?
Anythingtodrink?
Whatwinewouldyouliketohave?
Doyouwantyoursteakunder-done,mediumorwell-done?
Ofcourse,I’llberightbackwithit.
Wouldyoulikeyoursouprightnoworlater?
\汤立刻上还是晚点上?
Bringitrightnow,please.马上来
Hereyougo!
你的餐来了!
Onepitcher,cheapstuff.给我一壶最便宜的.
Ineedatadofsaltplease.我需要一点点的盐.
Idon'twantanychilipepperonmybeef.我的牛肉上不要放辣椒喔.
Doesitgowithdrinks?
有没有附赠饮料?
6、询问和让推荐食物和饮品Inquiringabout&recommendingfoodanddrinks
IknownothingaboutAmericanfood.Whatwouldyourecommend?
您有什么推荐?
PleasetellmethefeaturesofChinesefood.特征
Doyouhaveanyspecialtiestorecommend?
特色菜推荐
WeserveawiderangeofChinesefood.Hereisthemenu.
OurspecialtiesareBeijingRoastDuckandslicedcoldchicken.特色菜
IrecommendNewYorksteakasthemaincourse.It’stopqualitybeef.主菜,顶级
HowabouttheSichuanChickenCube-lets?
推荐这个怎么样?
Iwouldrecommendsome…推荐
Wouldyoucareforsome…beforelunch?
We’vegotachoice…
Todaywe’vegot…
Wouldyouliketotryourgrapejuice?
It’sveryfresh.
Whatdoesthesetlunchinclude?
\午餐套餐都包括什么?
Itincludesaappetizer,