最新最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选含答案.docx
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最新最新高考英语阅读理解精选含答案
最新最新高考英语阅读理解精选含答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.
TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.
JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.
Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."
Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.
"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.
Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."
（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?
A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.
B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.
C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.
（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
B. Theytendtolivelonger.
C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases. D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?
A. Sloweddown.
B. Goneupwards.
C. Changedtothecontrary.
D. Cometolifeagain.
（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.
B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.
C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.
D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。
我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。
如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。
作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。
一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。
"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。
故选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。
可知，reversed的意思是"反转"。
故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。
可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity（繁荣）.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:
"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve（缓解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.
（1）Whyaresomepeopleinfavorofcompetition?
A. Becausetheythinkcompetitionpushessocietyforward.
B. Becausetheythinkcompetitionimprovessocialabilities.
C. Becausetheythinkcompetitionbuildsupasenseofpride.
D. Becausetheythinkcompetitiondevelopspeople'srelationship.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"themostvocal"inParagraph3referto?
A. Peoplewhotrytheirbesttowin.
B. Peoplewhohighlyvaluecompetition.
C. Peoplewhoarestronglyagainstcompetition.
D. Peoplewhomostlyrelyonothersforsuccess.
（3）Whichviewpointdoestheauthoragreeto?
A. Self-worthreliesonwinning.
B. Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.
C. Competitionleadstounfriendlyrelationship.
D. Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.
（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A. Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
B. Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcompetition.
C. Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.
D. Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.”可知，一些人赞成竞争是因为他们认为竞争促进社会的进步和繁荣。
故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“theystronglyblamecompetition"他们强烈谴责竞争；以及"youngsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety"遭受来自父母或社会的竞争压力的年轻人，可推知，画线部分的意思是"强烈反对的"。
故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的”Onlyasthisbasicand oftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.“只有当这种基本的、常常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。
可推知，作者认为竞争要摆脱对失败的恐惧。
故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据第一段”Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.“在现代社会，关于竞争有很多争论。
有些人非常重视它，认为它对社会进步和繁荣负有责任。
其他人说竞争是不好的;它使一个人反对另一个人;这会导致人与人之间不友好的关系。
以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.
Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.
Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.
StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."
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