中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业毕业论文.docx

中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业毕业论文.docx

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中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业毕业论文

　　LUOYANGNORMAＬUNＩVEＲSITY

20１4届本科毕业论文

　中西方饮食文化差异

院（系）名称

外国语学院

专业　名称

英语（双学位）

学生姓名

张杨子

学号

１2０72206６

指导教师

莫艳艳讲师

完成时间

2014年5月

Lｕｏｙａng　NｏrmalＵniveｒsitｙ

Diffｅrｅnt　FｏodCｕｌtｕｒｅs　Ｂｅtweeｎ　ChinaanｄthｅWest

A　ＴｈeｓisSubmitted

tｏＦoreｉgn　LangｕａｇesＣollegeoｆ　

LuoｙanｇNｏrｍａlUnｉversｉty

inParｔialFulfiｌlmentoｆtｈeReqｕirｅmｅnts

fortheDegreｅ　of　BａｃhｅｌoroｆArts

Bｙ

ZhａｎgYａngzi

Ｓuperviｓor：

ＭoYaｎyａn

May　10,　2０１4

中文摘要

饮食文化在世界文化中起着十分重要的作用,不同的国家有自己不同的饮食文化特点。

中国是一种农耕文化的陆地文化，而传统的西方文化是一种畜牧文化的海洋文化,两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的差异,其中饮食文化更是具有代表性的一个方面。

在此基础上,本文研究分析了中西饮食文化在各个方面的不同之处。

分析表明,在不同的文化背景下,中西方在饮食观念、饮食内容、饮食方式还是餐桌礼仪等各个方面的差异都是显而易见的。

正是这种不同饮食文化的沟通与交流,推动了全世界范围内文化的融合。

关键词:

差异;文化;饮食文化

Aｂstracｔ

Inthｅｃomplex　worldculture,ｔhe　dieｔary　cｕlturｅplａyｓ　anｅｘｔｒeｍely　impoｒｔaｎｔrｏle.ThｅdiffｅrｅnｃesbetwｅenChineseaｎdWeｓternｃultuｒｅcreateｄ　tｈedifferｅncesｂetｗｅen　ChiｎeseandWesｔernfooｄｃuｌtｕre.　Dｉffeｒentcounｔｒｉeshavｅ　ｔheｉrowｎ　dieｔａrycultures．　TraditiｏnalChineseｃultuｒeisａgrｉcｕlturalcultuｒe　ａndlａｎｄcuｌｔure,　whilｅtraditiｏnalwesteｒnｃultｕｒe　ｉsａniｍal　ｈusbandrｙｃultｕreａｎd　oceancｕltｕre.Thｅｓetｗｏｋiｎdsof　cultｕresrefｌectdiｖerseｌifestyles　ｉn　ｗhiｃhfoｏd　isｔhemostrepreｓeｎtatiｖeａspeｃt.Iｎ　vaｒiｏuslyｃuｌtuｒalｃoｎtexts,　dｉffeｒｅncesin　foodｌｉｅ　incｏncept,oｂｊect,kiｔchen　ware,　tablewａｒe,ｏrtable　manners.Andundｅrstandｉng　thｅse　ｄiffｅreｎcesｃoｕlｄｐrｏmotethecoｍmunｉcation　oｆcuｌｔureｓｉｎtheｗoｒld.

Keywordｓ:

diｆference;cuｌtuｒｅ;fｏodcultｕre

TableｏｆＣonｔents

中文摘要...．．．.．.．.．....．..．....．.．....．．.．........．.....．........．..．.．.．．........．..．.．.．．．..．...．...............．．...........．....．..．..．......Ⅰ

Ａbsｔract......．．..．.........．.....．.．．．.........．....．．．．．.......．......．....．.....．..．．...............．..．....．.．．.......．．....．............．......Ⅱ

Ｔable　ofＣontents...．................．..．...．..................．..．.......．．.......．............．.......．..．....．....．.....．．...．．.....．..．...Ⅲ

１.Intｒoｄuｃｔｉｏn.．.．．.．….……………………………………………………………．..．...．....................1

2.DieｔarｙCｏncepｔ………………….．..………………………………..．..．......．...．........．.．...．...．．......．.２

2.１.Chiｎese　DiｅｔａryＣoncｅpt………...．..………………………………………...．...．．..．...．.．.......2

　2.２．WesｔerｎＤiｅｔaryＣonｃepｔ…．…………………．…………………..…….…......．...．.．.．...．......3

3.Food　……………．…………………………………………………….．......．...．..．..．．..．.．.．..．．.．.....．.．４

　3.１.Cｏnｄiｍｅnt……..．……………....……………………………………………．．．....．．......．..．...．5

3.２.　Sｉde　Dｉsh……．．.．.．………………………………………………………....．．．..．....．...．..．.．...．..5

4.　Table　Manｎers…………………………………………………….．．．..．...．．.......．．............．．．.．.........7

　4.1.Difｆｅrences　BetｗｅｅnChinｅse　ａnd　ＷestｅrｎTaｂleＭannerｓ…..．．．.…….．....．．.．.．....．...…….....７

4.２.CharacｔｅｒiｓｔicｓofTaｂleMaｎnｅｒs…………．.．……………………………..........．.．．．．....…...7

　4.２.1.Ｃharaｃｔeristicsｏf　TaｂlｅMaｎneｒｓｉｎ　Chｉnａ　…………………......．．...．...．．...............．．.....8

　4.２．2.Ｃhａrａcteriｓｔｉcsｏf　TaｂleＭannersｉntheＷeｓt..．..............．..．．..．.．..．....．...............．.....．．...．．．8

5.　Concｌusｉon........．..．....．.．．．..．......．......．．．..........．......．...．．...．．．．...．．.．.......．．..．......．..．.....．..........．.．......．........９

Biblｉｏgｒaphｙ.．...．．．..．.．.．.．．．..．．.．.．．.．....．．...．..．.......．.．.．.．．．..．...．．...．．....．．．.．．...．...．．...．..．....．....．．...．.．．...．..．.．.......1０

1.Ｉntｒoductｉon

Dietis　nｏtoｎｌyｔheｐｒｅｍisｅ　ofsociａl　developmｅnt,but　also　the　pａramouｎｔmaｔｅｒｉalｂaｓe　fｏr　huｍａntosurvivewiｔh　goodｈeaｌｔh　condｉtiｏn.Iｎｔheeaｒlyｓtage　ｏfbaｒbarism,lｉkeotｈerａnｉmaｌs,looｋiｎgｆorfood　to　surviveisｊuｓｔｔheｉnsｔｉnｃtfoｒｈumａn　beingｓ．But　whenｍanbｅganto　usefire　to　ｃｏokfooｄandtheyｅntered　ｔheageof　civｉliｚatioｎ,ｅspeｃiａｌlythetiｍeof　cookinｇwｉthｔhepottｅry,ｔhefooｄbeｃamｅthecreaｔiｏnmadeby　thehuman　oｗnwｉsdomanｄ　tｈeirtｅcｈnology.Tｈｅntｈereisthｅ　essｅｎｔｉａldiｆｆeｒenceindiet　betweｅnhｕmanbeinｇsａndａnimals　thaｔthｅｄieｔ　hasitscultｕralnaｔｕｒe.Thustheｈｉstoryoｆｈumａｎｄietistｏbethiskiｎdofhisｔoｒy　thａthumanadａｐttoｎaturｅ,coｎqueｒ　anｄrefｏｒmｎatureｔosurvｉve　anddeveｌoｐinｔｈenａｔure,ａnｄthehumaｎdｉeｔａryｃｕltｕｒe　ｇraduaｌlｙcｏｍesｉntobeing　inthｅcoｕｒｓｅofthiｓ　proｇrｅsｓ．　Asａｎimｐoｒtant　ｐartｏfｈumancｕlture,thediｅtarｙcｕlturｅhas　ageneralｉzedmeaninｇａｎdaｎaｒrowedｍeａning．　Ｔhistｈesisdisｃｕsstｈediｅtarｙcultuｒein　tｈisｎarrowsense　which　ｉsthetotaｌｏｆｍatｅｒｉaｌwealthand　spirｉｔ　wｅaltｈｃｒｅatedandaｃｃumulatｅdｉn　thｅloｎg-teｒm　progressofｆoodcｏnsuｍption,anditisｔhｅknowlｅdgeabout　whａttoｅat，howto　eatandwhytｏeａt,includｉngｄietaryobject,dieｔarｙ　tabｌｅware　andsｏoｎ.

Chinａhasprofｏｕndｃulturaｌ　ｈerｉtaｇeof　dieｔａｒy　cｕｌｔureaｎd　dｉetplａｙa　foreｍｏsｔrｏle　inpeｏｐｌe’s　dailｙ　life　sotｈat　dieｔarycuｌtｕretaｋeahugepropｏrｔｉoniｎChｉneｓecuｌture.Ｆacingthe　dｉeｔarycｕlturｅ　ｆrom　ｏｔｈerｃｏｕｎtrｉｅs,　ｗeｓｈｏuldaｃcｅptorrｅjectｔｈembased　ｏnouｒselveｓcｏndｉtiｏｎ．Ｗecａn’tonlycｈasｅｆｏｒeｎjｏｙmeｎtinｔastｅ,ｂｅcauseitiｓharｍfｕｌ　toｏurpｈysical　ｈｅａｌthiｆwｅeaｔ　too　mｕch　foreignfｏod　whichisbeｌonｇｔo　ｔheｈighｃａlorieｓ　food．Hoｗeｖｅｒ，　ｉtisobｖｉoustｈａt　weshoｕｌｄｎ’t　aimｌesｓlｙｒeｊeｃtallｔｈｅｎeｗoｂjects.UndertheinｆluencｅｏfｅntｅringｔhｅWTOandglｏbaliｚaｔion,theinternａｔionalｃonnectiｏn　hasbecomｅcｌｏserａndcloseｒsothａtｔhｅ　collisiｏnaｎｄ　fuｓioninｔhedietａrycｕlture　ａlwａｙｓhapｐenbｅtweenChiｎeｓeaｎdwｅｓｔernｅrs.Granted，it　tａkeｓa　lonｇｔimｅｆortｗｏｄｉfｆeｒeｎｔｃulｔuｒes　to　mergｅ　ａndｃoeｘisｔ　andtheremｕstｂｅａnaspｅcｔthatboth　siｄeｓ　can’t　aｄaｐtｔoeachｏtｈeｒ.　If　ｔhｉｓphenｏｍｅnon　occurs，　weｓhoｕldｔｒｙ　oｕｒbesｔtouｎdｅrｓｔａnｄ,　reｓpeｃtandtolerａte　ａnotｈerｃultuｒeinｒｉghtｍanner．

The　ｄｉｆferenceｏｆｄiｅｔary　culturebeｔwｅenChｉｎesｅand　wｅｓteｒneｒswill　ａｒｏｕsecｕｌtｕreｍisunderｓtａndｉnginceｒtaｉn　eｘｔeｎt.　For　examｐlｅ,maｎyCｈiｎeｓethink　tｈaｔHaｍburｇer，KFCaｎdMｃＤｏnalｄ’sarethe　tyｐｉｃalfoodiｎ　Ａｍｅriｃａｎ．Butitiｓ　notｔhefact.　Thｅｆact　ｉsAｍericaｎ　fooｄisverｙｃoｍｐlex.

Theｒeｆore，inthisｔhｅsｉs,wｅ　ｄiscussｔheｄiｆfeｒence　ofdietarｙcｕlｔｕreｂeｔween　Chinｅｓe　andwesterneｒs　fｒｏm　ｄieｔaｒyｃｏｎcｅpｔ,ｄieｔａryobject,　coｏkingｕtｅnｓiｌ，dieｔarytabｌewａｒeand　tａbleｍaｎners.Thｒｏuｇhthe　study,itiｓbenｅficiａｌ　fｏrbｏthsｉdeｓtoｓtrｅngtheｎtｈｅｃoｍｍｕnｉcaｔｉonin　culture，ａｎd　more　ａblｅtoｅｌiminatｅｔｈｅobstacｌesａndｍiｓuｎｄerｓtａndingwhentwonatioｎsａｒecｏｍmuｎiｃaｔiｎｇ,ｓothatpeｏplｅｃanhave　iｎ-depthuｎdｅｒｓtandｉnｇａboｕtthe　dｉetａｒｙｃulture　froｍＣhinａandwesterncountｒieｓ.Ｔo　sｔudｙbothpartiｅs’dietaryｃultuｒediffeｒence　frｏmｖariousaspeｃts,itｃannotｏnlyｈelpusto　strengｔhｅnｔｈeaｗarenesｓandadａｐｔioninthe　ｃuｌtｕrecoｍmｕnicａtｉon,　bｕtalso　can　ｅnhａncｅour　ｕｎderstanding,　tolerａtｅandａcceｐtthe　fｏrｅiｇncｕlｔｕre．ＴｈenthｉsmakeｓChinｅseaｎd　ｗesterｎｄieｔarｙcuｌture　canｍutuaｌlydｅveloｐandfuｓeincommunｉcatiｏn，ｗｈichitplaｙsaremarｋaｂleroｌeｉnbｏostinｇthedｅveloｐment　of　cｕltuｒe　intheｗhoｌeｗorｌd.

2.Dieｔaｒy　Concept

　Dieｔisabsoｌｕｔely　ｎecｅsｓary　ｉn　mankｉnd’sliｆｅ,andeven　inｔhｅexisｔencｅordeveloｐmｅｎt.　Becauｓe　oｆtｈｅdiffeｒences　bｅｔweenＣhinese　aｎdEngｌｉｓhｃultｕral　traditions,tｈｅChiｎese　aｎdＥnｇliｓh　dietａrycultureｓａreｄｉfferentｉn　ｃoｎcｅpｔ.

２.1．ChｉｎｅsｅＤｉetaryCoｎcｅｐt

IｎCｈｉnｅsｅdietarycuｌtｕre,pｅｏｐlｅpｌａymore　atｔeｎtionｔopｕrｓｕing　tｈetasｔethanｔoempｈａｓizｉngｔｈe　nutrｉtion.Tｈeyconsｉdeｒ　ｔhatthenuｔrition　islｅssimｐoｒtantif　ｔｈefoodisdeｌｉｃiouｓａndgood-loｏking　enｏugh.Tｈe　reａsｏnwhｙthereisaｕniquedｉetaｒy　culture　thateａtｉnｇ　ｉsｏntｏpofｔheｌistiｎChiｎeｓe　nationｉs　ｔｈat　productiｖｉtyhaｓbeｅnａlwａｙｓｕnder　ｔhe　ａveraｇeleｖelfｏrthｏuｓａndｓ　ofyearsａndpeoplehaｖenoteｎouｇh　foｏｄtoeａｔ.Peopleoftenｓaｙ　the　taste　isthｅmost　ｉmportantinthｅwhｏleofcoloｒ,arｏｍａandtaste.In　additiｏn,　ｔhekeyｏfｓpecｉalcharmin　Chiｎesedｉeｔ　isnoｔhinｇ　ｂuｔitstasｔe.Chinｅｓｅ　ｔhiｎkalｏｔof　arｔ　anｄsensｉbiｌity,　sotｈepurｓｕｉt　ｏfdｅliciｏｕsｔaｓｔe　isａlwaｙsthehigｈestmeaｎingiｎdietary.　Ｈowever,apartoｆthenutｒitionmａylａckinpursuiｎg　thedelｉciｏusｎesｓiｎ　Chineｓediet.Ｔｈe　shapeofthｅfood　isｔheeｘｔerｎaｌｔｈing　while　theｔaｓtｅistｈe　internaｌthing．Empｈaｓｉｚｉnｇtｈeiｎnerand　nｏtdeｃｏrａtingpainstａｋｉnglｙtheｅｘｔeｒnal,oremphasizing　thetasｔeｒatｈerthan　showing　oｆf　thefoｒmｏfthedisheｓ,ｉsthe　paramoｕntexpressiｏｎinChineｓe　diｅtaｒyconcept.Ｂut　ｉｔ　doｅs　nottａke　any　couｎt　oｆtｈｅｃoｌlｏcａtionｏfｎutｒitｉon．　The　mｅdｉcatedｆood　appeａｒeｄｉnｔｈeTａｎｇdynastｙandnow　ｔhere　ｉsafoｒｍulａtiｏｎ　ｔhat“dieｔthｅｒapyisbetterthanmediｃaltｒeatmeｎts”,ｗhｉchalｌreflect　thatChｉｎesｅｐayatteｎｔion　ｔo　thｅcoｌｌocaｔionｉnｄieｔaryｎutｒitionsiｎｃｅ　aｎｃient　ｔimes.　However,ｔhetｒaditiｏnalｎutrｉtiontｈｅoryoｎlyhas　avagｕe　ｃoncept　ｗiｔhouｔｓｐeｃiｆic　ｄataanalysｉsaswesterners　tｏfigureｏutwhat　ｋｉndoffoodiｓgoodfoｒ　healthwitｈ　ｎuｔritｉｏn．　Chｉnｅsｅｐeｏplｅaretｈinkinghighlyoｆeaｔ.　Brｅaｄiｓthestaｆf　ｏflife,this　olｄaｄagｅｅxｐｌａｉnedtｈaｔwｅsee　eatiｎgasimportａnt　ａsｄａｙs.　Becａusｅourｎaｔiｏnａl　ｆortｈｏｕsandsof　years　arｅ　ｉn　ｔheｌoｗlｅvel　ofｐroducｔivity,peｏple　alwayｓｄonｏt　ｈaveenoughｔoeat,sotｈｅy　ｗoｕldhａveauｎｉqｕe　fｏodcultｕrethａteatiｎgiｓｖery　ｉｍpoｒtant.Ithｉｎk　thｉｓ　ｉsproｂablyfrom　asurvivａltｏneeds.LiＸｉａohoｎgpoｉnted　ｏut：

　If　a　cｕｌｔurepｕtaｔeas　ｐｒimaｒy,soit　wiｌlａpｐeaｒtｗｏpｈｅnoｍenａ:

ononehandwilｌpｕｔthefｏｏdfuncｔiontｏａｃme,noｔonlｙsｕrvivｅ,butaｌsouseitto　maintａinhealｔｈy,tｈｉs　isａｌsotheｃultureｂasistｈat―ｄｉet　cｕｒeｓmｏｒe　ｔhantｈe　ｄoctorｓ.Onthｅ　othｅr　ｈand,ｔhｅexｃeｓsiveatteｎtiontoeａt,it　cａｎmakethe　pｅrsｏnｐraise　hｉｇhｌyof　deｌicｉouｓ　purｓuit.　

２.2．　ＷesterｎＤietａry　Cｏnｃept

Inwestｅrｎdｉeｔarｙculture，　eating　likeａ　bｉological　macｈｉneaddｆuｅl，eｓpeｃiallyaｂｏｕｔthe　ｆooｄ＇s　ｎutritioncoｍposiｔion,　pｒｏtｅin,ｆat,　ｃarｂｏhyｄrａteｓ,　vitaｍins　aｎdall　kindｓofinorgａnicelementcontｅnt，peｏple　pｌａymｏreatｔenｔｉonｔo　ｐurｓuｉｎg　thenutrｉｔion　ｔｈan　tｏ　emｐhasiziｎgｔhｅcoloｒ，ａromaａnd　taｓte.The　westernｄiｅtisa　ｋｉndofraｔionａl　dieｔsｏthattheydeｖｏtepaｒtｉculａｒｃareｔｏthenｕtrｉtioｎaｎdcollocaｔioｎ．Theyｔｒｅatdietaｒyasaｓciencｅwitha