状语从句 全部.docx
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状语从句全部
状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词,形容词,副词等。
状语从句放在主句之前,常用逗号分开;放在主句之后,一般不用逗号。
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等九种。
状语从句定义及分类
状语从句就是用不同的连接词将几个分句连接起来,以表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系。
引导词的意义
时间状语从句
原因状语从句
地点状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
(一)时间状语从句
1、时间状语从句常用连词有when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,hardly...when,scarcely…when,nosooner...than,themoment,theinstant,everytime,thefirsttime,bythetime等。
2、时间/条件状语从句一般不用将来时,因此,主句若为将来时,时间状语从句要用一般现在时。
eg.I'llgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.
3、连词when,while和as都表示“当…的时候”,
when后接时间点或时间段,表“当…时候”;还可表示“这时,忽然”(用在句型中)及“既然”
while后只可接时间段,表“当…时候”;还可表示“而,然而”
as引导持续性动作,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生,译为“一边…一边”
eg.While/whenIwasreading,hecamein.
Whenhecamein,wewerehavingameeting.
Ashewalkedalongthestreet,hesanghappily.
4、till或until表示“一直到…时”,主句和从句都用肯定式,主句用延续性动词;表示“直到…才…”时,主句用否定式,用终止性动词,从句用肯定式。
till不能置于句首。
e.gHeworkedtill/untilitwasdark.
Hedidnotgetuptill/untilhismothercamein.
Notuntil+主语+谓语……助动词+主语+谓语……
Itisnotuntil……that……
Hedidn’tgotosleepuntil12lastnight.
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Theydidn’trealizetheirfaulttillwepointeditouttothem.
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。
Notuntilwepointedouttheirfaulttothemdidtheyrealizeit.
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。
5、assoonas,theinstant和themoment/theminute/thesecond引导的从句表示“一…就…”;nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when引导的从句表示“刚…就…”,主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,而且当此短语置于句首时,主句应半倒装。
e.g.IrecognizedhertheinstantIsawher.
HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardanoise.
5、before&since
①若表达“还未…就…”“不到…就…”“…才…”“趁,还没来得及”时,用before,从句中谓语不用否定式。
eg.Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbefore
wesawland.
Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.
Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.
BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.
②It+be+时间段+before…“多久之后才…”
It+be+not+时间段+before…“没多久就…”
e.g.ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.
Itwasn’tlongbeforewemetagain.
③since从句的谓语动词一般是终止性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或表示反复发生过的动作。
从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
e.g.IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.
④It+be+时间段+since+一般过去|过去完成时
eg.Itis3yearssinceshewasmywife.
Hermothersaiditwas12yearssinceherfatherhaddied.
(二)原因状语从句
常用because,since,as,for,nowthat等引导。
because强调从句,表直接的因果关系侧重回答“为什么”
as主从句并重,较口语化,用得较普遍
since侧重主句,从句所表示的只是显然的或已知的理由,“既然”
nowthat“既然”,和since的意义和用法相同,that可省,用来表示一种新的情况,再来加以推论。
for语气最弱,不能置于句首,表补充说明的或推测的理由(并列句)
Now(that)youarefreetoday,youmayhavearestathome.
(三)地点状语从句
地点状语从句常用where,wherever等连词引导;注意不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆。
eg.Makeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.(状语从句)
Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhavequestions.(定语从句)
(四)条件状语从句
条件状语从句用if,unless/if...not,as/solongas(只要),incase(万一),onconditionthat(条件是),suppose(that)(假设,用于问句),provided(that)等词引导。
如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般时表示。
eg.AslongasIlive,Ishallworkhard.
IshallnotgotoschoolunlessIfinishmyhomework.
Incasethereisafire,whatwillyoudofirst?
Suppose(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?
(五)让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although/though,as,evenif,however,whatever,nomatterwho/how...等词引导。
eg.Althoughheisclever,hedoesn'tstudywell.
Nomatterwhoasksforadvice,sheisalwaysreadytohelp.
注意:
由as引导的让步状语从句,须将作表语的形容词或名词(不用冠词)放在句首。
eg.Cleverasheis,hedoesn'tstudywell.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装形式(as=though)单数名词前不要a/an;形容词或副词前不要very。
例句:
1.Althoughsheisbusy,shestudiesEnglishveryhard.
Busyassheis,shestudiesEnglishveryhard.
2.Thoughheisadoctor,heknowsmedicinenobetterthatI.
Doctorasheis,heknowsmedicinenobetterthatI.
3.ThoughIadmirehimasawriterverymuch,Idonotlikehimasaman.
MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.
4.Thoughyouwilltry,youwon’tmanageit.
Tryasyouwill,youwon’tmanageit.
(六)结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由sothat,so...that,such...that引导,放在主句之后。
eg.Itissoheavyaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.
Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.
Theyare___heavyboxesthat…..
Itis____fineweatherthat……
sucha/an…that可转换为so+形容词+a/an+名词单数+that结构。
例句:
1.Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallherstudentsloveherverymuch.
2.Sheissogoodateacherthatallhercolleaguesliketotalkwithher.
在名词前有many,much,few,little(少)时,只能用so…that结构,
例句:
1.TherearesomanythingstobedonethatIfindnotimetogotothecinema.
2.Shegotsolittleeducationthatshecouldhardlydoasimplemathsproblem.
Theyare_____littlechildrenthat,……
七目的状语从句
目的状语从句常由sothat,inorderthat(从句中常用may,can,should等情态动词)放在主句之后。
eg.Theystartedearlysothattheymightarriveintime.
Heworkshardinorderthathecanservethecountrywell.
forfearthat(=lest)唯恐;
incase(=lest)以防,万一;
incaseof遇到……的时候。
例句:
1.Ishallringyouuplestyoushouldforgettocome.
2.Heisworkinghardforfear(that)heshouldfail.
3.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.
4.Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句放在主句之后,用as,justas,asif,asthough等引导。
asif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。
eg.Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.
Youmaydoasyouplease.
(九)比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由as...as;than;notso...as…等词引导。
比较从句部分是省略句。
eg.Iknowyoudobetterthanhedoes.
Themorewecandoforyou,thehappierwewillbe.
1.Themore…,themore…“越……越……”
#Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheusuallyis.
2.比较级+and+比较级…:
表示逐渐增加或减少
#Thesun’senergywillfindwiderandwideruseinourdailylife.
3.Notsomuch….as,
Not…somuchas:
“与其说……不如说……”
#Heisnotapoliticiansomuchasacommonrogue.
4.主语+谓语+no+比较级/notany+比较级+than+比较对象:
一种特殊的类比形式,带有一定感情色彩。
译为“不比…更…,和…同样不…;正如…不…,…也不…”
#Thefoodinthisdinninghallisnobetterthaninanyotherhall.
5.can’t/couldn’t+比较级:
“再…不过了;不可能更…”
#Theweathercouldn’tbeworse.
#Shecouldn’thavedonebetter.
#Hecouldn’tcaremore/less.
6.no/nothing/never+比较级+than:
表最高级含义
#Nothingismorepreciousthanhealth.
#Hewantsnothingmorethantime.
#Neverwasamanmorefortunatethanhe.
#NeverhaveIseenmorebeautifulscenerythanthis.
7.never+such/so+adj.原级+名词:
表最高级含义
#Ihaveneverreadsuchaninterestingbook.
#Neverbeforehavesomanypeopletakenpartinthemovement.
8.Ifnot+比较级+(than)…:
“至少可以说…”
#Thiswatchisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,thewatchIlost.至少可以说,这只表和我丢的那只一样好。
9.AistoBwhat/asXistoY.
A对于B犹如X对于Y
#Leavesaretotheplantwhatlungsaretotheanimal.
10.itis+as+原级+todosth.asitistodosth.:
“做…和做…一样…”
#ItisashardforMarytospeakChineseasitisforMr.WangtospeakEnglish.
11.moreoftenthannot:
“往往,经常”
#Thebusesarejammedmoreoftenthannot.
12.比较级的用法
A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B
A+倍数+as……+as+B
A+倍数+the+n.+of+B
状语从句中的省略
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句中如果主从句主语一致,从句的谓语部分含有be动词,则可省略从句中的主语及be动词。
eg.Don’tspeakuntilspokento.
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.
Unlessrepaired,themachineisofnouse.
Shestoodatthegateasifwaitingforsomeone.
课时训练
1.I'llwritetoyouassoonasI_________Beijing.
A.gettoB.arrive
C.willgettoD.willarrive
2.We'llhaveatripifit_________rain.
A.won'tB.willC.don'tD.doesn't
3._________youhurryup,orwewillbelateforschool.
A.IfB./C.UnlessD.When
4.Hesavesmoney_________hecanbuysomebirthdaypresentsforhismother.
A.soB.sothat
C.suchthatD.inorder
5.—Whyareyoulateforschool?
—_________Igotuplate.
A.BecauseB.ForC.SinceD.As
6.Theflowers_________wellifthey_________.
A.won'tgrow,don'ttakegoodcareof
B.don'tgrow,aretakengoodcareof
C.don'tgrow,don'ttakegoodcareof
D.won'tgrow,arenottakengoodcareof
7.Heasked_________manystrangequestionsthattheteacherdidn'twanttoteachhimanymore.
A.soB.suchC.tooD.very
8.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe
A.mustbetakescareofB.musttakecareof
C.mustbelookedafterD.mustlookafter
9.Themanhadgoneaway_________theoldmansaidthankstohim.
A.thatB.soC.untilD.before
ADCBADACD
1.______youdecidetotakeup,youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess.
A.IfB.WheneverC.UnlessD.Whatever
2.Itisfoolishtotakeataxi——youcaneasilywalktothestation.
A.beforeB.thatC.unlessD.when
3.I’llacceptanyjob,_____Idon’thavetogetupearly.
A.eventhoughB.thoughC.incaseD.aslongas
4.___________problemsyouhave,youcanalwayscometo
meforhelp.
A.WhatB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Which
5.______muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.
A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter
6.----DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?
----Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.
A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once
7.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.
A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever
8.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.
A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless
9.Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.
A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas
10.--Whatwasthepartylike?
--Wonderful.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.
A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since
11.Don’tchangeyourmind,______happenstoyou.
A.whichB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever
12.___________hecomes,wewon’tbeabletogo.
A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even
13.Nobodybelievedhim____________whathesaid.
A.eventhoughB.evenifC.nomatterD.because
14.IwaswatchingTV_______suddenlythelightswentout.
A.whenB.whileC.asD.for
15.Takeyourumbrellawithyou____________it