状语从句 全部.docx

1、状语从句 全部 状 语 从 句 状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词，形容词，副词等。状语从句放在主句之前，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等九种。状语从句定义及分类状语从句就是用不同的连接词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系。引导词的意义时间状语从句 原因状语从句地点状语从句结果状语从句 目的状语从句 条件状语从句让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句（一）时间状语从句1、时间状语从句常用连词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, u

2、ntil, as soon as, hardly.when, scarcelywhen, no sooner . than, the moment, the instant, every time, the first time, by the time等。2、时间 /条件状语从句一般不用将来时，因此，主句若为将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时。 eg. Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.3、连词when, while和as都表示“当的时候”，when 后接时间点或时间段，表“当时候”；还可表示“这时，忽然”（用在句型中）及“既

3、然”while 后只可接时间段，表“当时候”；还可表示“而，然而”as 引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，译为“一边一边”eg. While/when I was reading, he came in.When he came in, we were having a meeting.As he walked along the street, he sang happily.4、till或until表示“一直到时”，主句和从句都用肯定式，主句用延续性动词；表示“直到才”时，主句用否定式，用终止性动词，从句用肯定式。till不能置于句首。e.g He worked till/ u

4、ntil it was dark. He did not get up till/ until his mother came in.Not until+ 主语+谓语助动词+主语+谓语It is not until that He didnt go to sleep until 12 last night . 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。They didnt realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。Not until we pointed out their fault to them

5、did they realize it . 直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。5、as soon as, the instant和the moment/ the minute/ the second引导的从句表示“一就”；no sooner.than, hardly.when, scarcely.when引导的从句表示“刚就”，主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，而且当此短语置于句首时，主句应半倒装。e.g. I recognized her the instant I saw her. Hardly had I entered the room when I hear

6、d a noise.5、before & since若表达“还未就”“不到就”“才” “趁，还没来得及”时，用before, 从句中谓语不用否定式。 eg. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. Please write it down before you forget it. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.It + be + 时间段 + before “多久之

7、后才” It + be +not + 时间段 + before “没多久就” e.g. It will be half a year before I come back. It wasnt long before we met again. since从句的谓语动词一般是终止性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或表示反复发生过的动作。从句的时态若是 一般过去时，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 e.g. I have written home four times since I came here.It + be + 时间段 + since +一般过去|过去完成时eg. It is 3

8、 years since she was my wife. Her mother said it was 12 years since her father had died.（二）原因状语从句常用because, since, as, for, now that等引导。because 强调从句, 表直接的因果关系侧重回答“为什么” as 主从句并重，较口语化，用得较普遍since 侧重主句, 从句所表示的只是显然的或已知的理由, “既然”now that “既然”,和since的意义和用法相同, that可省, 用来表示一种新的情况, 再来加以推论。for 语气最弱，不能置于句首，表补充说明

9、的或推测的理由( 并列句）Now (that) you are free today, you may have a rest at home.（三）地点状语从句 地点状语从句常用where, wherever等连词引导；注意不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆。eg. Make a mark where you have questions. (状语从句) Make a mark at the place where you have questions. (定语从句)（四）条件状语从句 条件状语从句用if, unless/if.not, as/so long as (只要), in cas

10、e(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose (that) (假设，用于问句), provided (that)等词引导。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般时表示。eg. As long as I live, I shall work hard. I shall not go to school unless I finish my homework. In case there is a fire, what will you do first? Suppose (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to f

11、or help?（五）让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although/though, as, even if, however, whatever, no matter who/how.等词引导。eg. Although he is clever, he doesnt study well. No matter who asks for advice,she is always ready to help.注意：由as引导的让步状语从句，须将作表语的形容词或名词（不用冠词）放在句首。eg. Clever as he is, he doesnt study well.Child as he is

12、, he knows a lot.as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装形式(as = though )单数名词前不要a/ an；形容词或副词前不要very。例句：1. Although she is busy, she studies English very hard. Busy as she is, she studies English very hard.2. Though he is a doctor, he knows medicine no better that I. Doctor as he is, he knows medicine no better that I.3Thou

13、gh I admire him as a writer very much, I do not like him as a man. Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.4Though you will try, you wont manage it. Try as you will, you wont manage it.（六）结果状语从句 结果状语从句一般由so that, so.that, such. that引导，放在主句之后。eg. It is so heavy a box that nobody

14、can move it. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. They are _ heavy boxes that . It is _ fine weather that such a/ anthat可转换为so + 形容词 + a/ an + 名词单数 + that结构。例句：1She is such a good teacher that all her students love her very much.2She is so good a teacher that all her colleagues like to ta

15、lk with her.在名词前有many, much, few, little (少)时，只能用sothat结构，例句：1There are so many things to be done that I find no time to go to the cinema.2She got so little education that she could hardly do a simple maths problem.They are_ little children that ,七目的状语从句 目的状语从句常由so that , in order that(从句中常用may, can

16、, should等情态动词) 放在主句之后。eg. They started early so that they might arrive in time. He works hard in order that he can serve the country well. for fear that (=lest) 唯恐； in case ( = lest) 以防，万一； in case of 遇到的时候。例句：1I shall ring you up lest you should forget to come.2He is working hard for fear (that) he

17、 should fail.3Take your umbrella, in case it rains.4In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.（八）方式状语从句 方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though等引导。as if和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。eg. The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.You may do as you please.（九）比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由

18、as.as; than; not so.as等词引导。比较从句部分是省略句。eg. I know you do better than he does. The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.1. The more, the more “越越”# The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.2. 比较级 +and+ 比较级 : 表示逐渐增加或减少# The suns energy will find wider and wider use in our dail

19、y life.3. Not so much.as, Notso much as : “与其说不如说”# He is not a politician so much as a common rogue.4. 主语+谓语+ no +比较级/ not any + 比较级+ than + 比较对象: 一种特殊的类比形式，带有一定感情色彩。译为“不比更， 和同样不； 正如不，也不”# The food in this dinning hall is no better than in any other hall.5. cant / couldnt + 比较级: “再不过了； 不可能更”# The w

20、eather couldnt be worse.# She couldnt have done better.# He couldnt care more / less.6. no / nothing / never +比较级 +than : 表最高级含义# Nothing is more precious than health.# He wants nothing more than time.# Never was a man more fortunate than he.# Never have I seen more beautiful scenery than this.7. ne

21、ver + such / so + adj. 原级 + 名词: 表最高级含义# I have never read such an interesting book.# Never before have so many people taken part in the movement.8. If not + 比较级 + (than): “至少可以说”# This watch is as good as, if not better than, the watch I lost. 至少可以说，这只表和我丢的那只一样好。9. A is to B what / as X is to Y.A对于B

22、犹如X对于Y# Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal.10. it is + as + 原级+ to do sth. as it is to do sth. : “做和做一样”# It is as hard for Mary to speak Chinese as it is for Mr.Wang to speak English. 11. more often than not: “往往，经常”# The buses are jammed more often than not.12. 比较级的用法A+ be +倍数+ 比

23、较级+than + BA+ 倍数+ as+as + BA+ 倍数+ the +n.+of + B状语从句中的省略 时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句中如果主从句主语一致，从句的谓语部分含有be动词， 则可省略从句中的主语及be动词。eg. Dont speak until spoken to. Once seen, it can never be forgotten. Unless repaired, the machine is of no use. She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.课时训练1.Ill write to y

24、ou as soon as I_Beijing. A.get to B.arrive C.will get to D.will arrive2.Well have a trip if it_rain. A.wont B.will C.dont D.doesnt3._you hurry up ,or we will be late for school. A.If B./ C.Unless D.When4.He saves money_he can buy some birthday presents for his mother. A.so B.so that C.such that D.in

25、 order5.Why are you late for school? _ I got up late. A.Because B.For C.Since D.As 6.The flowers_well if they_. A.wont grow,dont take good care of B.dont grow,are taken good care of C.dont grow,dont take good care of D.wont grow,are not taken good care of7.He asked_many strange questions that the te

26、acher didnt want to teach him any more. A.so B.such C.too D.very 8.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he A.must be takes care of B.must take care of C.must be looked after D.must look after 9.The man had gone away _ the old man said thanks to him. A.that B.so C.until D.beforeADCBADACD

27、1._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily walk to the station.A. before B. that C. unless D. when3.Ill accept any job, _ I dont have to get up early.A. even though B. though C. in case D. as lon

28、g as4._ problems you have, you can always come tome for help.A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which5. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?- Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her

29、.A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless9. John plays football _ , if not better than, David.A. as we

30、ll B. as well as C. so well D. so well as10. -What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since11.Dont change your mind, _ happens to you.A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever12. _ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even13. Nobody believed him _ what he said.A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because14. I was watching TV _ suddenly the lights went out.A. when B. while C. as D. for15. Take your umbrella with you _ it