中考英语试题解析汇编第02期专题08 阅读理解社会现象或历史文化教育类.docx

中考英语试题解析汇编第02期专题08 阅读理解社会现象或历史文化教育类.docx

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中考英语试题解析汇编第02期专题08阅读理解社会现象或历史文化教育类

专题08阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）

1.【2018年山东省青岛市】

Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceanare

increasinglythreatened（威胁）bynoisepollutioncausedby

humanbeings.Thenoisethatinfluencesseaanimalscomes

fromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlyby

industrialunderwaterexplosions（爆炸）,oceandrilling,and

shipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.

Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefields,underwater

earthquakes,andsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.

Decibels（分贝）measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.Anoiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwater,adecibellevelofonehundredandninetyfivewouldhavethesameeffect（效果）.

Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimit（限度）ofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales（鲸鱼）.

AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.Someofthewhalesevendied.Theexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleed.

Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.However,manyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieved.It’stimeforthemtotakeactiontohelpoceananimals.

22.Whichofthefollowingisnotcausedbyhumanbeings?

A.Thenoiseofindustrialunderwaterexplosions.

B.Thenoiseofoceandrilling.

C.Thesoundofunderwaterearthquakes

D.Thenoiseofshipengines.

23.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?

A.Thesamenoisemeasuresdifferentlyonlandandintheocean.

B.Differentplacesmayhavedifferenttypesofnoises.

C.Thenoisescancausehumanstolosehearing.

D.Therearedifferentkindsofnaturalsoundsintheocean.

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Powerfulunderwaterexplosionsaren’tharmfultowhales’ears.

B.Manyresearchersareagainstthenoiselimitof120decibels.

C.Noisescannotcausewhales’death.

D.Thenoiselimitof120decibelswouldhardlyinfluencetheindustrialresearch.

25.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthatscientistswillprobably.

A.workhardtocutdownnaturalsounds.

B.stopindustrialandscientificresearchinoceans.

C.trytheirbesttomakenonoise.

D.protectoceananimalsfromharmfulnoises.

【答案】22.C23.A24.B25.D

23.根据Decibels（分贝）measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.和后文可知主要讲水下分贝测量和陆地不一样；故选A

25.根据文章讲述了噪音污染对海洋生物的伤害，科学家研究怎么保护海洋生物不受伤害。

故选D

2.【2018年安徽省中考】Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?

Althoughitmightsoundalttlefarfromyou,livingina"smart"citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.OnesuchplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea"telepresencesystem（远程遥控系统）--allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators（自动扶梯）willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesystem.

ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.Infact,technologycompaniesaroundtheworldsuchasIBM,SiemensandMicrosoftarealreadyinthebusiness.

About75%oftheworld'spopulationwillliveincitiesby2050,socitieswillneedtobemoremoderntodealwiththecomingproblems.Makingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthiswillinturnmakecitiesgreener,saidDanHill,headofaresearchcompany.

53.Accordingtothetext,livingina"smart"city______

A.isnotagreenwayB.willbefarfromyou

C.willsoonbecometrueD.iscompletelyimpossible

54.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Acityofthefuture.B.AmeetinginSongdo.

C.Aplantobuildahouse.D.Areportonpublichealth.

55.WhichcompanyoffersthegreatmindtobuildSongdo?

A.Cisco.B.IBM.C.Siemens.yagnoOLEDD.Microsoft.

56.DanHillthinksthatmakingcitiessmarterisonewayto______.

A.drivepeopleoutofcitiesB.controltheworld'spopulationC.develophisowncompanyD.solvethecities'comingproblems

57.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FutureEducationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies

【答案】53.C54.A55.A56.D57.B

【解析】文章讲述了未来的智能城市的生活情况。

3.【2018年贵州省安顺】Toothpaste（牙膏）doesmorethanjustkeepourteethbrightandwhite.Itcanbeusedwiselyinmanyotherways.Herearesomeusefultipsthatcansaveustimeandmoney.Ifyoufollowthem,youwillhaveafreshsmellofusingtoothpaste!

CleanaDirtyMirror

Ifyouwanttocleanadirtybathroommirror,trytoputabitoftoothpasteonthemirrorandwipeitdry.Theglasscanbecleanedupbeautifully.Anddoingthiscanalsostopthe

mirrorfromfogging.Thenyoucanstillseeyourselfinthemirroraftertakingashower.

RemovetheUnpleasantFoodSmell

Havesomebadfoodsmell,likethesmellofonionsorfish,onyourhands?

Youcanremoveitbywashingyourhandswithtoothpaste.You’llbefresh-smellinginnotime.

MakeYourSportsShoesWhiter

Thistime,cleanyoursportsshoesbyyourself,notbyyourmother.Wipesometoothpastearoundyourshoesandthencleanitwithawetcloth.See?

Yourshoesarewhiteasnew!

41.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellusabout?

A.Howtobuythetoothpaste.B.Howtochoosethetoothpaste.

C.Howtousetoothpastewisely.D.Howtosellthetoothpaste.

42.Howmanywayscanyousaveyourtimeandmoneybyusingtoothpaste?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

43.Ifthereissomesmelloffishonyourhands,whatcanyoudo?

A.Washyourhandswithsoap.B.Washyourhandswithtoothpaste.

C.Eatsomeonions.D.Brushyourteethwithtoothpaste.

44.Thepassagedoesn’ttellusthat.

A.toothpastecancleanadirtymirror

B.toothpastecanremovethefoodsmell

C.toothpastecanmakeyourringbecomenewagain

D.toothpastecanremovefishsmell

45.Wherecanweprobablyfindthepassage?

A.Inasciencemagazine.B.Inanamusementmagazine.

C.Inahistorybook.D.Inamathbook.

【答案】41.C42.C43.B44.C45.A

【解析】短文大意：

牙膏不仅仅能让我们的牙齿保持明亮和洁白。

它还有许多其它的用途。

比如：

清理脏镜子，去除难闻的食物气味，让你的运动鞋变得更白等等。

42.细节理解题。

短文共介绍了三种牙膏的用途：

清理脏镜子，去除难闻的食物气味，让你的运动鞋变得更白。

故答案选C。

43.细节理解题。

根据“Havesomebadfoodsmell,likethesmellofonionsorfish,onyourhands?

Youcanremoveitbywashingyourhandswithtoothpaste.”可知，如果你手上有鱼腥味，可以用牙膏洗手，去除异味。

答案为B。

44.细节理解题。

根据表格第一栏的介绍可知，牙膏可以用来清理脏的镜子。

根据表格第二栏的介绍可知，牙膏可以去除难闻的食物味道，或鱼的腥味，根据表格第二栏的介绍可知，牙膏可以让你的运动鞋变得更白。

没有提到牙膏能让你的戒指重新焕发新的活力，故答案选C。

4.【2018年贵州省安顺】Bike-sharinghassweptacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingbikeridinginsteadofdriving.ThebikethattheservicecompanyprovideshasGPSorBluetoothonit.Andthosebikescanbeeasilyunlockedwithasmartphoneandleftanywhereinpublic.Bike-sharingallowspeopletoborrowabikefromoneplaceandreturnitatanotherplaceeasily.

Insomecities,wecanseemoreandmorepeopleridingthiskindofsharingbikes.It’sveryconvenienttousethebikesifyouhaveasmartphone.First,youhavetodownloadsuchanAPP

onyoursmartphone.ThenwhatyouneedtodoistofindanearestbikethroughtheAPP,scantheQRcode（二维码）onthebikeorconnectyourphonewiththebikeoveraBluetoothwirelessconnection.Youwillfindthebikecanbeunlockeditself.

Thenyoucanenjoyyourtrip.What’smore,thegreatestadvantageofbike-sharingisthatyoucaneasilyfindoneandneverworryaboutwheretoparkit.Thecostofridingdependsonthetimethatyouspend.Normally,everyhouryouride,youneedtopayoneyuan.Itdoesn’tcostsomuch,doesit?

Atthesametime,somepeopleparkthebikesintheirownhomes.Besides,somepeopledon’tvaluethebikes.Nowservicecompaniesaretryingtosolvetheproblemlikebeingstolen.

Technologyandsciencehavechangedoursociallifestyles.Wehavetosaybike-sharingbringsusmoreconveniencewithoutdoubt.Andwealsohopethatpeoplecannotonlyenjoyitbutalsoputittogooduse.

46.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Mostpeopleincitiesdon’tdrive.

B.Bike-sharingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.

C.Bike-sharingisinventedinChina.

D.Sharingbikescanbeborrowedeverywhere.

47.Ifyouwanttouseasharingbike,youmustfirst.

A.downloadanAPPandpayforthetrip

B.haveasmartphoneanddownloadanAPP

C.unlockthebikeanddownloadanAPP

D.findanearestbikeandborrowitfromanyone

48.Theunderlinedword“value”inParagraph4probablymeansinChinese.

A.喜欢B.收藏C.爱惜D.购买

49.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthispassage?

A.Bike-sharingisakindofexpensivetransport.

B.Sharingbikesareeasytounlock.

C.Sharingbikesmaybestolen.

D.Bike-sharingisverycheap.

50.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsbike-sharing?

A.Convenient.B.Doubtful.

C.Worried.D.Unnecessary.

【答案】46.B47.B48.C49.A50.A

46.细节理解题。

根据第一段句子“Bike-sharinghassweptacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingbikeridinginsteadofdriving.”共享单车席卷中国，越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车。

可知第一段告诉我们共享单车正变得越来越流行。

故选B。

47.细节理解题。

根