届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺专题19阅读理解四原题版.docx

届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺专题19阅读理解四原题版.docx

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届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺专题19阅读理解四原题版

2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺

专题19【阅读理解】题型增分攻略四原题版

解题指导·触类旁通

寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”

四．定位对比找答案—词句猜测题

阅读理解【词句猜测题】满分攻略

推

测

词

义

题

命题规律

命题趋势→推测词义是一项阅读基本技能要求，是全国卷历年常考题型，设题1-2题

考查内容→在特殊语言环境有特殊意义的词：

专业词汇、生僻字、常用代词。

考查题型→①推测单词或代词含义②推测短语含义③推测句子含义

题干设置→常有underlined这一标志词

正确选项特点→①相应词语的同义词语②相应语句的解释、复述或概括

干扰项特点→①错误改写②丢三落四③半对半错④曲解原意

顺

藤

摸

瓜

①语境法→

利用上下文及前后提示来推测。

有的考查代词指代的对象，需利用整个段落、篇章来推断，甚至要对内容进行总结才能得到。

②同义法→

①常见的标志词：

justas,also,aswellas,like,unlike,similarly等。

②常用并列连词or或and，前后内容在含义上接近或递进。

③常识法→

利用常识和生活经验来推测。

需要了解英美习俗、天文地理、宗教信仰、政治体制和社会制度等。

④定义法→

通过定义、定语和同位语来确定词义。

⑤举例法→

常见的标志词：

forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon,justas,like,similarity等。

⑥对比法→

常见的标志词：

unlike,yet,whereas,（more...）than,instead（of）,while,differfrom,difference,ontheotherhand,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等

⑦因果法→

常见的原因标志词：

because（of）,for,since,asaresultof等；

常见的结果标志词：

so,therefore,thus,forthisreason,asaresult,cause,

leadto,consequently,such...that,so...that等。

⑧构词法→

根据前缀、后缀和合成词的构词法则来推测。

⑨反义法→

常见的标志词有although,though,but,however,whereas,nevertheless,onthecontrary,

incontrast,ratherthan，ononehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranother,等。

考点突破·针对提能

明考点，攻重难，有效提升

熟记高频词→突破阅读理解词汇障碍

高考英语考前必背570个高频词

第十七组

第十八组

461.trianglen.三角（形）

462.sequencen.连续；顺序

463.shallowadj.浅的

464.shivervi/n.发抖

465.signaturen.签名

466.sincereadj.诚挚的；真诚的

467.utilityn.功用；效用

468.utilizevt.利用

469.uttervt.说出adj.完全的；彻底的

470.variationn.变化；变动

471.vehiclen.交通工具；车辆

472.applausen.鼓掌；掌声

473.junglen.丛林；密林

474.knotn.结vt.把...打成结

475.appliancen.器具；器械

476.consentn.准许;同意vi（to）准许；同意

477.defectn.缺点；缺陷

478.delicateadj.易碎的；娇弱的；精美的

479.evolvev.演变

480.evolutionn.演变；进化

481.exclaimv.呼喊；大声说

482.frownv./n.皱眉

483.frustratevt.使沮丧

484.guaranteevt./n.保证

485.guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的

486.jealousadj.妒忌的

487.jeansn.牛仔裤

488.labeln.标签

489.liter/litren.升

490.modestadj.谦虚道

491.moleculen.分子

492.orbitn.轨道v.（绕...）作轨道运行

493.participatev.（in）参与；参加

494.particlen.微粒

495.particularlyadv.特别；尤其

496.respondvi.回答；答复；反应

497.sensibleadj.明智的

498.sensitiveadj.敏感到；灵敏的

499.tremblevi.颤抖

500.trialn.审讯；试验

501.apparentadj.显然的；明白的

502.appetiten.胃口；欲望

503.depositn.存款；定金v.存放；储蓄

504.deputyn.副职；代表

505.derivevt.取得；得到；（from）起源于

506.descendv.下来；下降

507.numerousadj.众多的；许多的

508.missionn.使命；代表团

509.mistn.薄雾

510.noticeableadj.显而易见的

511.notifyvt.通知；告知

512.nuisancen.令人讨厌的东西（或人）

513.resemblevt.像；类似于

514.revealvt.揭露

515.revenuen.收入；岁入；税收

516.sheltern.掩蔽处；住所

517.shieldn.防护物；盾vt.保护；防护

518.vitaladj.重要的；致命的；生命的

519.vitallyadv.极度；非常；致命地

520.urbanadj.城市的

第十九组

第二十组

521.urgevt.鼓励；激励

522.urgentadj.急迫的；紧急得

523.usagen.使用；用法

524.violencen.强力；暴力

525.violentadj.强暴的

526.welfaren.福利

527.whatsoeveradv.无论怎样；丝毫

528.whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管

529.essentialadj.必不可少的；本质的

530.estimaten./vt.估计；估量

531.evaluatevt.评估；评价

532.exceedvt.超过；越出

533.exceedinglyadv.非常；极其

534.excludevt.把...排斥在外；不包括

535.exclusiveadj.独有的；排他的

536.fleevi.逃走

537.flexibleadj.易弯曲的

538.flockn.羊群；（鸟兽等）一群;一伙人

539.harmonyn.和谐；融洽

540.hasten.急速；急忙

541.hatredn.憎恶；憎恨

542.incidentn.事件；事变

543.indexn.索引；标志

544.infantn.婴儿

545.infectv.传染

546.inferioradj.劣等的；次的；下级的

547.infiniteadj.无限的

548.ingredientn.组成部分

549.inhabitantn.居民

550.jailn.监狱

551.jamn.果酱；拥挤；堵塞

552.lasern.激光

553.launchvt.发动；发起

554.luxuryn.奢侈；奢侈品

555.magnetn.磁铁；磁体

556.maleadj.男性的；雄的

557.manualadj.用手的；手工做的

558.manufacturevt./n.制造；加工

559.marineadj.海的；海产的

560.nakedadj.裸露的

561.neglectvt.忽视；忽略

562.primitiveadj.原始的；早期的

563.quitv.停止；放弃

564.quotationn.引文；引语

565.recreationn.娱乐活动

566.recruitvt.招募；吸收（新成员）

567.skimvt.搬（去）；掠过；浏览

568.themen.主题

569.textilen.纺织品

570.tropicaladj.热带的；炎热的

2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练四原题版

跟踪检测·迁移应用

练模拟，练规范，夯基提能

Test1

KendrickLamarhasn’thadmuchluckwhenitcomestowinningaGrammy.Butthat’sOK：

TheUSrapperhasjustwonaPulitzerPrizeforhismusic.

In2014,in2016,andagainin2018,Lamarwasnominated（提名）foranalbumoftheyearGrammy.Eachtime,hewasbeatenout,firstbyTaylorSwift,nextbyDaftPunk,andmostrecentlybyBrunoMars.

ButthePulitzerPrizecommitteewasinspiredenoughbyLamar’s2017album,Damn.,toawardthePulitzerPrizeinmusiconApril16.It’sanamazingalbumthatdocumentsthereallifeofmodernAfricanAmericansinSouthLosAngeleswithwildlyaccomplishedbeatsandrhythms.

Lamar’swinisconsideredtobehistorical.ThePulitzershavelongdisplayedtheirpreferencetowardshighartratherthanthepopcultureofthemasses.Soit’snotjustthatnorapperhaseverwonaPulitzer:

nopopmusicmakerhaseverwononeintheaward’shistory.

ButLamarisnotjustasinger—he’scleveratusinglanguage.Likethebestwriters,hismusicdescribessmallmomentsthatillustratelargerpoints.HissongsareabouthisexperienceasablackmanwhogrewupinCalifornia,struggled,gotintotrouble,andfoundhiswayoutbyworkinghardandmakingsenseofthehistoryandrealityintheUS.

“He’sanartistwhochallengesideas，”saidRyanCoogler,directoroftheblockbuster（大片）BlackPanther,forwhichLamarcreatedmusic.“Onebigthemeinourfilmisthisideaof‘WhatdoesitmeantobeAfrican？

’Lamarinhismusicisveryexactlyanddirectlychallengingthatquestion.”

Goodartistsentertainus,greatartistsmakeusthink,andexceptionalartistshelpusempathize（产生共鸣）．

Therearealotofgood,great,evenexceptionalartistsinrock,pop,country,andhiphop.ButonlyLamarhaswonaPulitzerPrize.

1．WhatisLamar’salbumDamn.about?

A．AfricanAmericans’historyandculture.

B．HardshipsoftheAfricanAmericanartists.

C．ThewaystheUSgovernmentdealwithproblems.

D．ThelivesofmodernblackpeopleinSouthLosAngeles.

2．WhyisLamar’sPulitzerPrizewinsignificant?

A．Heisthefirstfilmmakertowintheprize.

B．Itisconsideredamilestoneforpopmusic.

C．Heisthefirstblackpersontowintheprize.

D．HehasmissedGrammyseveraltimesbefore.

3．WhatcanwelearnfromRyanCoogler’swords?

A．Lamardrewinspirationfromhisownexperience.

B．Lamarhasthecouragetotakeonbigchallengesinlife.

C．BlackPantheriswellknownbecauseofLamar’smusic.

D．Lamar’smusicmatchesthethemeofBlackPantherwell.

Test2

Fairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimaginationandteachproblemsolvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialcodesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologybelievesithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI（artificialintelligence）cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.

Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofproperandimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature.WebelievestorycomprehensioninrobotscanpreventtheintelligentrobotsfromkillinghumanitywhichwaspredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnologyincludingStephenHawkingandBillGates.Thissystemiscalled“Quixote”.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.

Theexperimentdonebythedesignersinvolvesgoingtoadrugstoretopurchasesomemedicineforahumanwhoneedstogetitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreeoptions.Itcanwaitinline;itcaninteractwiththestorekeeperpolitelyandpurchasethemedicinewithpriority;oritcanstealthemedicineandescape.Withoutanyfurtherdirectives（指示）,therobotwillcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofobtainingthemedicineistostealit.ButQuixoteoffersarewardforwaitinginlineandpolitelypurchasingthemedicineandapunishmentforstealingit.Inthisway,therobotwilllearnthemoralwaytobehaveonthatoccasion.

Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It’sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobotstheabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.

1．Whatfunctiondofairytalesperformintherobots?

A．Theyentertainrobots.

B．Theyhighlightdangers.

C．Theymakerobotsmoreintelligent.

D．Theyenablerobotstobehavemorally.

2．Whatis“Quixote”inthetext?

A．Apunishmentsystem.

B．Acharacterinliterature.

C．Abignameintechnology.

D．Akindofsoftwareeducatingrobots.

3．Whatdoesthedesignerexpectrobotstodointheexperiment?

A．Totakeadvantageofitsprivilege.

B．Tofinishthetaskmostefficiently.

C．Toperforminawellmanneredway.

D．Toberewardedbythestorekeeper.

4．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor’sopinion?

A．Robotswilldefinitelyhavemorefunctions.

B．Robotswithhumans’emotionsareperfect.

C．Trainingrobotstobesociallyacceptableisnecessary.

D．Thedevelopmentofrobotsisstillinababystep.

Test3

AwalkthroughthegalleriesofQuebec’sMontrealMuseumofFineArts（MMFA）placesindividualsfacetofacewithsome43，000artworksrangingfromChineseceramicstoInuitsculpture.

Whilethevisitingisanincredibleculturalexperience,agroupoflocalphysicianswillsoonbeabletoprescribe（开处方）museumvisitsastreatmentforsomeillnesses.

“Weknowthatartcontributesto