高中英语 Module 4《Music》The Beatles文字素材3 外研版选修6.docx
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高中英语Module4《Music》TheBeatles文字素材3外研版选修6
TheBeatles
Theimpactof theBeatles uponpopularmusiccannotbeoverstated;theyrevolutionizedthemusicindustryandtouchedthelivesofallwhoheardthemindeepandfundamentalways.LandingontheseshoresonFebruary7,1964,theyliterallystoodtheworldofpopcultureonitshead,settingthemusicalagendafortheremainderofthedecade.TheBeatles'buoyantmelodies,playfulpersonalitiesandmop-toppedcharismawerejustthetonicneededbyanationleftreelingbythesenselessassassinationofitsyoungpresident,JohnF.Kennedy,barelytwomonthsearlier.Evenadultstypicallygiventoscorningrockandrollasworthless"kid'sstuff"wereforcedtoconcedethattherewassubstanceintheirmusicandquick-wittedclevernessintheirrepartee.Withoutexaggeration,theytransfixedandtransformedtheworldasweknewit,usheringinademographicshiftinwhichyouthcultureassertivelytookoverfromitsstodgyEisenhower-eraforbears.
Thelongjourneyresultinginthemobscenethatgreeted theBeatles'arrivalatKennedyAirportbeganinLiverpoolbackin1958.Aseriesofgroups,includingtheQuarrymenandtheJohnnyandtheMoondogs,variouslyincludedLiverpoolnatives JohnLennon, PaulMcCartney and GeorgeHarrison.WitharhythmsectionconsistingofbassistStuSutcliffe(anartstudentwithgreatlooksandscantmusicalability)anddrummerPeteBest,thegroupassumedthename"theBeatles."Thegroupbecameafixtureontherough-and-tumblebarsceneinHamburg,Germany,wheretheirfive-set-a-nightmarathonshelpedmoldthemintoatightperformingunit.Theirearlyrepertoireconsistedofwell-chosenrockandrollandrhythm&bluescovers,runningthegamutfrom ChuckBerry to LittleRichard.InApril1961,SutcliffeleftandMcCartneyswitchedfromguitartobass.OnthelocalsceneintheirhometownofLiverpool,thegrouplandedalunchtimeresidencyataclubcalledtheCavern,wheretheywerediscoveredbyalocalrecordmerchantandentrepreneur,BrianEpstein,whobecametheirmanagerinDecember1961.
Epsteinhelpedpolishthegroup'sappearance,dressingthemindappercollarlessgraysuitsandmakingthemappearmorefriendlythanmenacing.AfterbeingrejectedbyDeccaRecordsfollowingaJanuary1962audition, theBeatles signedwithEMI-ParlophonethatApril,havingimpressedproducer GeorgeMartin.InAugust,RingoStarr(bornRichardStarkey),who'dbeendrummingwithRoryStormandtheHurricanes,wasbroughtintoreplacePeteBest.Thegroup'sfirstsingle,"LoveMeDo/P.S.ILoveYou,"brieflydentedtheU.K.TopTwentyinOctober1962,buttheirnext45,"PleasePleaseMe,"formallyignitedBeatlemaniaintheirhomeland,reachingtheNumberTwospot.Itwasfollowedbyfourconsecutivechart-toppingBritishsingles,issuedthroughout1963:
"FromMetoYou,""SheLovesYou,""IWanttoHoldYourHand,""Can'tBuyMeLove."TheyconqueredtheU.K.,eveninducingaclassicalmusiccriticfromtheLondonSundayTimestodeclarethem"thegreatestcomposerssinceBeethoven."Thegroup'ssuccesswasbasedaroundtheLennon/McCartneysongwritingpartnership,Harrison'sguitar-playingprowess,andStarr'samiabledispositionandartfulsimplicityasadrummer.
TheBeatles'conquestofAmericaearlyin1964launchedtheBritishInvasion,asatorrentofrockandrollbandsfromBritainovertookthepopcharts.TheFabFour'sfirstNumberOnesingleintheU.S.was"IWanttoHoldYourHand,"releasedonCapitolRecords,EMI'sAmericancounterpart.Thisexuberanttrackwasfollowedby45moreTopFortyhitsoverthenexthalf-dozenyears.DuringtheweekofApril4,1964, theBeatles setarecordthatislikelynevertobebrokenwhentheyoccupiedallfiveofthetoppositionsonBillboard'sTopPopSingleschart,with"Can'tBuyMeLove"ensconcedatNumberOne.Theirpopularitysoaredstillfurtherwiththereleaseoftheirplayfullyanarchicdocumentaryfilm,AHardDay'sNight,inAugust1964.
Whenallwassaidanddone, theBeatles charted20NumberOnesinglesintheStates-anumberevengreaterthanrunner-up ElvisPresley's17chart-toppers.Forsuchfeatsofsalesandairplayalone, theBeatles canunassailablyberegardedasthetopgroupinrockandrollhistory.Yettheirsignificanceasabandextendsbeyondnumberstoencompasstheirinnovationsintherecordingstudio.TheBeatles'legacyasaconcertattraction,duringtheirharriedpassagefromnightclubstobaseballstadiums,isdistinguishedprimarilybythedeafeningscreamsoffemalefansovercomebythegroup'sveryappearance.Consequently, theBeatles begantoindulgetheircreativeenergiesinthestudio,layeringsoundsandcraftingsongsinawaynoonehadattemptedbefore.TheresultsincludedsuchmusicallyexpansiveandlyricallysophisticatedalbumsasRubberSoul(1965)andRevolver(1966).Forvariousreasons,rangingfromsafetyconcernstofrustrationthatnoonecouldhearorwaslistening, theBeatles retiredfromtouringafteraSanFranciscoconcertonAugust29,1966.
Tenmonthslater,theyreleasedSgt.Pepper'sLonelyHeartsClubBand,analbumthathasalmostuniversallybeencitedasthecreativeapotheosisofrockandroll,awatershedeventinwhichrockbecame"seriousart"withoutlosingitssenseofhumor(orsenseoftheabsurd).Realizingthebandmembers'collectiveambitionstookfourmonthsandallthetechnicalwilesofproducer GeorgeMartin.Acompletelyself-containedalbummeanttobeplayedandexperiencedfromstarttofinish,Sgt.Pepperbrokethemoldinthatnosingleswerereleasedfromit.Thealbum'sheadyartisticreachfurthercementedthenotionofaviablecountercultureinthemindsofyouthfuldropoutseverywhere.Anyonewhowasaliveinthesummerof1967canrememberthepleasantshockofhearingitandthereverberationsitsentoutwardintotheworldofrockandrollandbeyond.
InthewakeofSgt.Pepper, theBeatles begantosplinterinwaysthatwere,atfirst,subtlebutthatgraduallygrewmorepronounced.SubsequenteventsincludedthedeathofmanagerEpsteinduetoanoverdoseofsleepingpills;thereleaseoftheTVfilmMagicalMysteryTour,whichearned theBeatles someoftheirfirstnegativereviews;atriptoIndiatomeditatewithMaharishiMaheshYogi,aboutwhomLennonwrotethescabrousputdown"SexySadie";andthelaunchinginJanuary1968ofAppleCorps,Ltd.,adisastrouslymismanagedentertainmentempirethathelpedbringdown theBeatles amidatangledmazeofmoneymatters.
ThroughallthechaoticeventsofthelateSixties, theBeatles managedtoretaintheirintegrityandfocusasrecordingartists.ReleasedinAugust1968,thesingle"HeyJude"/"Revolution"becametheirmostpopularsingle.TheBeatles(1968),adouble-LPpopularlyreferredtoas"theWhiteAlbum,"waslikeaprismthatfoundthegrouprefractingintofourindividualandhighlyestimabletalents.ThealbumandfilmLetItBe,recordedin1969butshelveduntil1970,essentiallydocumented theBeatles'dissolutionandbreakupamidinternalsquabblesandthepresenceof JohnLennon'snewmate,YokoOno.Yet theBeatles cametogetherandexitedonahighnote,unitinginthesummerof1969torecordtheirswansong,AbbeyRoad.
OnApril10,1970, PaulMcCartney announcedhisdeparturefrom theBeatles,andthegroupquietlycametoanend.ThroughouttheSeventies,fanshopedforaneventualreunion,whilethegroupmemberspursuedsolocareerswithvaryingdegreesofartisticandcommercialsuccess.Thosehopeswereforeverdashedbythemurderof JohnLennon inNewYorkCityonDecember8,1980.
July7,1940
RingoStarrwasborn.
October9,1940
JohnLennon isbornatOxfordStreetMaternityHospitalinLiverpool,England,toJuliaStanleyandAlfredLennon.
June18,1942
James PaulMcCartney isborninLiverpool,England.
February25,1943
GeorgeHarrison wasborn.
1956
Julia, JohnLennon'smother,boughthimhisfirstguitarthroughamailorderad.HisincessantplayingpromptsJohn'sAuntMimitosay,"Theguitar'sallverywellasahobby,John,butyou'llnevermakealivingoutofit."Johnformshisfirstgroup,theQuarrymen.
July6,1957
JohnLennon meets PaulMcCartney attheWooltonParishChurchinLiverpoolduringaperformancebyJohn'sgrouptheQuarrymen.ImpressedbyPaul'sabilitytotuneaguitarandbyhisknowledgeofsonglyrics,Johnaskshimtojointhegroup.
February1,1958
PaulMcCartney introduces GeorgeHarrison totheQuarrymenatabasementteenclubcalledtheMorgue.Georgejoinsthegroup.
August1,1960
TheBeatlesmaketheirdebutinHamburg,WestGermany,withStuSutcliffeonbassandPeteBestondrums.
January1,1961
TheBeatlesmaketheirdebutattheCavernClubinLiverpool.
November1,1961
LocalrecordstoremanagerBrianEpsteinisintroducedto theBeatles.Hesoonsignsacontracttomanagethem.
March7,1962
TheBeatlesmaketheirradiodebutperformingthreesongs,including RoyOrbison's"DreamBaby,"ontheBBC.
April10,1962
StuSutcliffediesofabrainhemorrhage.
June1,1962
TheBeatlesauditionfor GeorgeMartin atParlophone/EMIRecords.Heagreestosignthegroup,butinsiststhatPeteBestbereplaced.Withinmonths,Richard"Ringo"Starkeyjoinsthegroup.
SEPTEMBER4-11,1962
TheBeatlesrecordtheirfirstsessionsatEMIStudiosinLondon,with GeorgeMartin asproducer.
December1,1963
"IWanttoHoldYourHand," theBeatles'firstAmericansingle,isreleasedbyCapitolRecords.
January26,1964
IWantToHoldYourHand(TheBeatles)wasahit.
February7,1964
TheBeatlesarriveinAmerica
February9,1964
TheBeatlesmaketheirfirstappearanceon'TheEdSullivanShow'.
February11,1964
TheBeatlesbegintheirfirstU.S.tourattheColiseuminWashington,D.C.