MyGraduationSpeech辞汇.docx
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MyGraduationSpeech辞汇
Unit4lesson8
MyGraduationSpeech
2.Languagepoints
eminencen.superiorityinrank,position,achievement,etc.出众,卓越revelvi.makemerry;celebratenoisily作乐;狂欢tediousa.longandboring;uninteresting冗长的;乏味的pointlessa.withoutmeaningorpurpose无意义的;无目的的inspirationala.oforgivinginspiration有灵感的;给予灵感的;鼓舞人心的inspirationn.灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)banala.dullorunoriginal陈腐的,老一套的herebyad.bydoingorsayingthis;asaresultofthis据此;因此permissionn.consent;authorization同意;许可permissiblea.可许诺的,许可的foremostad.inthefirstplace;beforeallelse首先;首要地ancestorn.any(esp.remote)personfromwhomoneisdescended祖先,祖宗spirituala.oforconcerningthespiritasopposedtomatter精神上的alignv.come,bringorarrangeintoaline(使)成一直线literatea.abletoreadandwrite;havingstudiedorreadagreatdeal有读写能力的;有文化修养的vigorn.greatphysicalormentalstrength精力,活力vigorousa.fullofvigor;showingphysicalstrengthoractivity精力旺盛的;充满活力的epicn.alongpoemaboutthedeedsofgodsandgreatmen,ortheearlyhistoryofanation叙事长诗;史诗unsurpasseda.unexcelled,notcapableofbeingimprovedon未被超越的;超群的,卓绝的moderationn.avoidanceofexcessesorextremes;theabilityorqualityofkeepingone'sdesireswithinreasonablelimits适度;节制ecologyn.thebranchofbiologydealingwiththerelationsoforganismstooneanotherandtotheirphysicalsurroundings生态学flourishvi.growvigorously;prosper;beinone'sprime繁荣;兴旺;处于旺盛时期spectacularlyad.inaspectacularmanner,stunningly引人注目地;令人吃惊地spectaculara.grandlyoutoftheordinary;strikingoramazing壮观的;令人称奇的horsemann.arideronhorseback;askilledrider骑马的人;骑手maraudern.apersonoranimalthatgoesaboutsearchingforthingstosteal,peopletoattack,etc.(尤指流动作案的)强盗,抢劫者;攫食的动物ruthlessa.havingnopityorcompassion无情的;残忍的brutala.havingorshowingnotenderhumanfeeling;cruel残忍的;野蛮的;残酷的subtletyn.thequalityorconditionofbeingsubtle;theabilityortendencytomakefinedistinctions微妙;细微;细致;精细crudea.rough,unpolished;notskillfullydoneorfinished粗糙的;不精细的grotesquea.strangeandunnaturalsoastoarousefearorlaughter奇形怪状的;怪诞的;可笑的overrunvt.spreadover;conquer(territory)byforce蔓延;侵占desecratevt.violate(asacredplaceorthing)withviolence;treatasnotsacred玷辱(神明);亵渎ushervt.bring,esp.byshowingtheway引,领roamv.wanderwithnospecialplanorpurpose漫游;闲逛abstractlyad.inanabstractstateormanner;withoutanyparticularaimorpurpose抽象地;无明确目的地brieflyad.inaconcisemanner;forashorttime简要地;短暂地esteemn.highregard;favorableopinion尊重;好评vt.haveahighregardfor;greatlyrespect;thinkfavorablyof尊重;敬重;赞成exalteda.elevatedinrank,position,etc.;noble,lofty(地位等)高的,崇高的;尊贵的,高尚的exaltvt.raiseinstatusorpower,etc.;praisehighly提升;晋升;赞扬humankindn.humanbeingscollectively人类precisionn.thequalityofbeingprecise;exactness精确;准确precisea.exactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.精确的,准确的indistinguishablea.thatcannotbedistinguishedasbeingdifferentorseparate难以分辩的;难以区别的aspirevi.desirestronglytoachievesth.;haveambitionforsth.渴望;追求;有雄心aspirationn.(a)strongdesiretodosth.orhavesth.,esp.sth.greatorimportant强烈愿望,热望;志向,抱负clichén.afamiliarphraseorexpressionusedsooftenthatithaslostmuchofitsexpressiveforce陈词滥调;老生常谈vulnerablea.weak;easilyhurtorattacked脆弱的;易受伤的;易受攻击的restraintn.controlsorlimitations;thingsthatpreventonefromdoingsth.克制;约束continuityn.thestateofbeingcontinuous连续性;连贯性continuala.goingonwithoutstopping;happeningoverandoveragain持续不断的;频繁的affectationn.artificialbehaviormeanttoimpressothers;afeelingormannerthatispretended不自然的行为;矫揉造作idiotesn.(Gk)apersonwhoisnotinthepubliceye;anignorantperson平庸的人;无知的人idiotn.afoolishorstupidperson白痴;傻瓜popularityn.thestateorqualityofbeingwellliked,favored,oradmired普遍;流行;受欢迎natural-borna.天生的cuttern.aworkerwhosejobiscuttingcloth,glass,stone,etc.(服装)剪裁师;玻璃切割工;凿石工avenuen.aroadorwayborderedwithtrees;astreet,esp.awide,principalonethatrunsatrightanglestootherscalledstreets林阴道;大街persuasionn.theactofpersuading;thestateofbeingpersuaded;agroupofpeopleholdingaparticularbelief劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派closeta.private;secret私下的;秘密的n.asmallroomorcupboardforclothes,etc.;asmall,privateroomforreading,meditation,etc.壁橱;储藏室;小房间(阅读、沉思用)scrawlvt.write,drawormarkhastilyorcarelessly乱写;乱画;乱涂obscenityn.thestateofbeingobscene;obscenewordoract淫秽,猥亵;猥亵淫秽的话(或行为)obscenea.indecent,disgusting(usu.aboutsex)淫秽的,猥亵的glimpsen.&v.(have)abrief,quicklook(at)一瞥,一看mightilyad.withpowerorstrength;greatly有力地;强烈地;大大地outnumbervt.exceedinnumber数目超过;比…多PhrasesandExpressionssitthroughremainseateduntiltheendof;bepresentat一直坐到…结束;出席be/havedonewithhavefinishedwith;befinishedwith结束;完毕firstandforemostmostimportantly;aboveallelse最重要的;首先alignoneselfwithsb.joinsb.asanally;comeintoagreementwithsb.与某人结盟;与某人一致put...toshamecauseshameto(sb./sth.);show(sb./sth.)tobeinferiorbycomparison使(某人/某事)蒙羞;使(某人/某事)相形见绌sweepdownmovesteadilywithgreatforceorspeed席卷;突袭usherinintroduceormarkthebeginningofanewperiod,fashion,generation,etc.引进(新时期、新一代等);标志着(新时期、新时尚、新一代)的开始knownasgenerallyrecognizedas;calledorlabeledas公认为;被称为hold...inhighesteemhaveaveryfavorableopinionof;showgreatrespectto给…以好评;对…非常尊敬aspiretodesirestronglytoachieve(sth.);haveambitionfor(sth.)渴望取得;对…抱有雄心takeinterestinbekeentoknowmoreabout(sth.)orbeinvolvedin(it)对…感兴趣catchthefancyofsb./sb.'sfancypleasesb.;appealtosb.合某人的心意;吸引某人havetodowithbeconnectedwith;berelatedto与…有联系;与…有关athomeateaseasifinone'sownhome;familiar自在;无拘无束;熟悉ProperNamesNeilPostman尼尔·波斯特曼Greece希腊(欧洲巴尔干半岛南部国家)Athens雅典(希腊首都)Democritus德谟克利特(460—370BC,古希腊唯物主义哲学家,原子论创始人之一)Athenian雅典人Visigoth西哥特人(公元5世纪后入侵罗马帝国并在法国和西班牙建立王国的条顿族人)theDarkAges黑暗时代(公元5世纪至11世纪,欧洲中世纪的早期)Plato柏拉图(427—347BC,古希腊哲学家)Aristotle亚里士多德(384—322BC,古希腊哲学家和科学家,柏拉图的学生)
MYGRADUATIONSPEECH我在毕业典礼上的演讲
byNeilPostman尼尔波斯特曼
Havingsatthroughtwodozenorsograduationspeeches,Ihavenaturallywonderedwhytheyaresooftensobad.Onereason,ofcourse,isthatthespeakersarechosenfortheireminenceinsomefield,andnotbecausetheyareeithercompetentspeakersorgiftedwriters.Anotherreasonisthattheaudienceiseagertobedonewithallceremonysothatitcanproceedtosomeseriousreveling.
Thusanyspeechlongerthan,say,fifteenminuteswillseemtedious,ifnotentirelypointless.Thereareotherreasonsaswell,includingthedifficultyofsayingsomethinginspirationalwithoutbeingbanal.HereItrymyhandatwritingagraduationspeech,andnotmerelytodiscoverifIcanconquertheform.ThisispreciselywhatIwouldliketosaytoyoungpeopleifIhadtheirattentionforafewminutes.
作者按:
聆听过几十场毕业典礼上的演讲后,我不由地奇怪什么缘故它们常常是那样蹩脚。
固然,一个缘故是这些讲演者被选中是因为他们在某一领域的卓越成绩,而不是因为他们是超卓的演讲者或有才华的作家。
另一个缘故是听众急切盼望着典礼快点终止,以便接下去就能够开始狂欢。
因此任何超过15分钟的演讲都会显得冗长乏味,若是不是毫无心义的话。
还有其他缘故,其中包括要说出一些既给人以灵感又不落俗套的话并非易事。
在此我试着写了一篇毕业典礼上的演讲,不只是为了看看我是不是能写好这种文体。
这也正是我想对年轻人说的话,若是他们能注意听我讲上几分钟。
Ifyouthinkmygraduationspeechisgood,Iherebygrantyoupermissiontouseit,withoutfurtherapprovalfromorcredittome,shouldyoubeinanappropriatesituation.
若是你以为我的毕业演讲不错,在此我同意你在适合的场合利用它,而不必再征得我的同意或给我什么荣誉。
Membersofthefaculty,parents,guests,andgraduates,havenofear.Iamwellawarethatonadayofsuchhighexcitement,whatyourequire,firstandforemost,ofanyspeakerisbrevity.Ishallnotfailyouinthisrespect.Thereareexactlyeighty-fivesentencesinmyspeech,fourofwhichyouhavejustheard.ItwilltakemeabouttwelveminutestospeakallofthemandImusttellyouthatsucheconomywasnoteasyformetoarrange,becauseIhavechosenasmytopicthecomplexsubjectofyourancestors.Not,ofcourse,yourbiologicalancestors,aboutwhomIknownothing,butyourspiritualancestors,aboutwhomIknowalittle.Tobespecific,Iwanttotellyouabouttwogroupsofpeoplewholivedmanyyearsagobutwhoseinfluenceisstillwithus.Theywereverydifferentfromeachother,representingoppositevaluesandtraditions.Ithinkitisappropriateforyoutoberemindedofthemonthisdaybecause,soonerthanyouknow,youmustalignyourselfwiththespiritofoneorthespiritoftheother.
教师们、家长们、宾客们和毕业生们,不要担忧。
我完全明白在如此一个兴奋人心的日子里,你们对任何一名演讲者最要紧的要求确实是简练。
我可不能在这一点上让你们失望的。
我的演讲共有85个句子,其中四句你们方才已经听到了。
我将用12分钟左右的时刻讲完所有的话,而我必需告知你们,要做到如此精练对我来讲并非易事,因为我选择了一个复杂的题目作为我的话题,这确实是你们的先人。
固然不是你们生物学意义上的先人,因为我对他们一无所知,而是你们精神上的先人,关于他们我那么略知一二。
确切地说,我想向你们讲述两群人,他们的阻碍仍存在于咱们中间。
他们完全不同,代表了截然相反的价值观和传统。
我以为在今天向你们提及他们是适宜的,因为专门快,比你们想象得要快,你们就必需融入其中一群人的精神当中。
Thefirstgrouplivedabout2,500yearsagointheplacewhichwenowcallGreece;inacitytheycalledAthens.Wedonotknowasmuchabouttheiroriginsaswewouldlike.Butwedoknowagreatdealabouttheiraccomplishments.Theywere,forexample,thefirstpeopletodevelopacompletealphabet,andthereforetheybecamethefirsttrulyliteratepopulationonearth.Theyinventedtheideaofpoliticaldemocracy,whichtheypracticedwithavigorthatputsustoshame.Theyinventedwhatwecallphilosophy.Andtheyalsoinventedwhatwecalllogicandrhetoric.Theycameveryclosetoinventingwhatwecallscienceandoneofthem-Democritusbyname-conceivedoftheatomictheoryofmatter2,300yearsbeforeitoccurredtoanymodernscientist.Theycomposedandsangepicpoemsofunsurpassedbeautyandinsight.Andtheywroteandperformedplaysthat,almostthreemillennialater,stillhavethepowertomakeaudienceslaughandweep.
Theyeveninvented