中国传统文化英语表达法四级.docx

中国传统文化英语表达法四级.docx

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中国传统文化英语表达法四级

中国传统节日TraditionalChineseFestivals

TheSpringFestival春节

TheChineseSpringFestivalfallsontheveryfirstdayoftheChineseLunaryear.ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestival,otherwiseknownastheChineseNewYear,startsfromthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthandendsontheLanternFestival,thatis,thefifteenthofthemonth.TheSpringFestivaltotheChineseiswhatChristmastotheWesterners（中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节）.

TheSpringFestivalEve除夕

TheSpringFestivalEve,ortheChineseNewYear’sEve,iscalltheDanianSanshi（大年三十）inChinese.Itisatimeofjubilance,witheyefulofSpringFestivalcouplets,earfulofloudfirecrackers,andthekitchenfullofyummystuffcookingonthestove.Wherevertheyare,peoplewillhurrybackhomefortheirfamilyreunionontheeve.

TheSpringFestivalEveDinner年夜饭

TheSpringFestivalEveDinnerisknownastheDinnerofReunion.OntheEve,childrenawayfromhomewillallcomebacktoenjoyatablefulofdelicaciestogetherwiththeirparents.Peopleinthenorthpreferjiaozi,thesouthernersliketangyuan,sweetrounddumplingstoindicatefamilyreunion,andniangao,whichmeans“goinghigherandhigherinthecomingyear”.

SpringFestivalCouples贴春联

IthasbeenatraditionfortheChinesetopasteSpringFestivalcouplesonthedoorsduringtheFestival.Wordsofauspiciousnessarewritteninthecouples,whicharecalledduilian对联,orthePairCouplets,becausethewordsonbothcoupletsshouldbeequalinnumber,parallelinform,andattunedinmeaning.Sometimespeoplealsopasteahengpi横批,ahorizontalscrollbearinganinscription,abovethecouples.

GiftMoney压岁钱

Onthefestiveoccasion,youngchildrenwillpayNewYearcallsonandexpresstheirbestwishestotheirelderswho,inreturn,willofferthemyasuiqian压岁钱,moneygiventochildrenasaSpringFestivalgift.Themoneyisusuallywrappedupinredpaper–asymbolofgoodfortune.

Settingofffirecrackers放鞭炮

PartoftheSpringFestivalcelebrationistosetofffirecracker,whichismeanttoaddjoytothefestivity.Peoplewishthat,bysettingofffirecrackers,goodluckwouldcometotheminthecomingyear.

PayingNewYearCalls拜年

TheSpringFestivalisalsoatimetopayfestivevisitsandsaygoodwishestooneanotheramongrelatives,friendsandneighbours.

VisingTempleFairs赶庙会

DuringtheFestival,peoplevisittemplefairs,whereanassortmentofentertainingperformancestakesplace,includingYandko秧歌（arirualfolkdancepopularinnorthChina）,acrobatics（杂技）andfolkartshows.Varietiesofsnacksandcommodityexchanges（商品交易）arealsotheintegralpartsofthefair.

TheLanternFestival元宵节

The15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthistheChineseLanternFestival,whichcoincideswiththefirstfull-moonnightoftheyear（这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜）.Themajoractivitiesofthedayincludewatchingpaintedlanterns,solvingriddles,settingofffireworks,andeatingyuanxiao元宵（sweetdumplings）madeofglutinous[ˈglu:

tinəs]（粘的，胶装的）riceflour（糯米面，糯米粉）.

EatingYuanxiao吃元宵

Eatingyuanxiao元宵onthedayoftheLanternFestivalsymbolizesfamilyreunionandhappiness.Yuanxiaoaremadewithglutinousriceflourdough,stuffedwithavarietyoffoodsuchasredbeanpaste,sesame,mixednutletswithsugar.Mincedmeatisanotherfavoredflavor（元宵用糯米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等）.InsouthernChina,peoplealsoeattangyuan汤圆（likeyuanxiao元宵）.

WatchingPaintedLanterns赏花灯

OnthenightoftheLanternFestival,linesofpaintedlanternsarehungaroundthecourtyardandalongbothsidesofthestreet.Thecolorfullightsagainstthefullmooncreatequiteavisualfeastforpeopletoenjoy（人们观灯赏月，其乐融融）.

SolvingLanternRiddles猜灯谜

Solvingriddleswrittenorprintedonlanternsisanotherwayofentertainingvisitorsonthenight.

TheDragonBoatFestival端午节

TheChineseDragonBoatFestivalfallsonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthontheChineseLunarCalendar.ThestorygoesthatthedayiskeptinmemoryofthepatrioticpoetQuYuan屈原whodiedmorethan2000yearsago.It’salsoadaytoprayforagriculturalharvestsaswellastodrivepestilences[ˈpestiləns]away（同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日）.

QuYuan（339BC?

～278BC?

）屈原

QuYuan屈原,apatrioticpoetoftheChuState楚国inancientChina,isgreatlyrespectedbypeopleofalltimes,forbothhisfinepoetryandnoblecharacter.Itwasonthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonthintheyear278BCafterthefallingoftheChuState（楚国）thatQuYuan（屈原）gavehislifetohisbelovedmotherlandbydrowninghimselfintheriver（因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲愤地投江而死）.

DragonBoatRacing赛龙舟

Thedragonboatismadeofwood,withmythicaldragonheadanddragontaildecorationsonit.Dragonboatracingoriginallyshowedpeople’swishtorescueQuYuan（屈原）fromdrowning,andgraduallybecameapopularcompetitivemasssport（赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动）.

EatingZongzi吃粽子

LegendhasitthatinordertokeepthefishawayfromeatingQuYuan’sbody,peoplewouldthrowricewrappedinbambooorreed[ri:

d]（芦苇）leavesintothewatertofeedthefish.That’showthetraditionofeatingzongzi粽子（ricedumplingswrappedinleaves）aroundtheDragonBoatFestivalstarted.Azongzi（粽子）isusuallymadeintheshapeofatriangularorsquarelump（粽子外形为三角形或四角形）,wrappedinlargebambooleaves.Theingredientsaremostlyglutinousrice,beans,Chinesedates,orpork.

HangingMoxa挂艾蒿

MoxaleavesarehunginfrontofeveryhouseholdduringtheDragonBoatFestivalinordertoexpel[ɪk'spɛl]（驱逐）evilspiritsandtorelievepeople’sinternalheatorfever（驱邪解毒）.Thesweetscentoftheherb,however,canalsorepelfliesandmosquitoes,andpurifytheairaroundthehouse.

TheMoonFestival中秋节

TheMoonFestivalortheMid-autumnFestivalfallsonthe15thoftheeighthmonthoftheChineseLunaryear.ItisalsocalledtheFestivalofFamilyReunion团圆节,asthefullmoonaroundthattimeverywellsymbolizesharvestsandreunion.Itisatimeforfamilymemberstogettogetherandsavour['seivə]尽情享受mooncakesastheyadmirethefullmoon.

TheMoonCake月饼

TheCakeofReunion团圆饼isanothernameforthemooncakes.Madebywheatflourdoughandstuffedwithawidevariety,sweetorsalty,mooncakesareboththemust-eatfoodandmajorgiftitemsaroundtheMoonFestival（月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品，也是节日的重要食品）.

TheDoubleNinthFestival重阳节

Chongyang重阳—theDoubleNinthFestival,alsoknownastheSeniorCitizens’Day老人节,isontheninthoftheninthlunarmonth.As“nine”isregardedasanumberoftheYang（positiveormasculinebynatureinChinesephilosophy）,two“nines”togethermakesaChongyang,orDoubleYang（中国古人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，所以九月九叫做重阳）.Onthisday,peoplewillgoclimbingmountains,drinking,andadmiringchrysanthemum[kri'sænθəməm]菊花flowers.Moreimportantly,it’satimeforchildrentoshowsometenderlovingcaretotheseniorsortoshowfilial['fɪlɪəl]piety['paɪətɪ]fortheirparents.（filialpeity孝顺，孝心）

ClimbingtheHeightstoKeepAwayTroubles登高避灾

TheDoubleNinthFestivalisinautumn,whenmarriedwomenaresupposedtoobservetheritualofvisitingtheirparentsandtakingthemtodosomemountain-climbing,sothattheycouldenjoytheseasonalbeautytogether.

AppreciatingtheChrysanthemums赏菊

Thechrysanthemumsareinfullblossomatthistimeoftheyear,andthegreatvarietyoftheflowerhaslongbeentheobjectofadmirationfortheChinese（品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开，观赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗）.

OfferingSacrificestotheGoddessoftheSea祭海神

TheninthoftheninthlunarmonthhappenstobethedaywhenMazu妈祖,theGoddessoftheSea,ascendedtotheheaven.GrandceremoniesareheldforheronthedayinChina’scoastalcitiesincludingtheTaiwanRegion.

TheGodofLongevity[lɔn'dʒevəti]寿星老theguardianoflong-life长寿的保护神

ChineseTea中国茶

InChina,tea-drinkingispartoftheChineseculture:

TeaCulture.Todrinkteaisnotonlyawayoflife,itisalsoacustom（喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯，也是待客的一种习俗）.Teahouseswheretea-drinkerscouldalsosocializeandentertainthemselvesarealloverthecountry.

Tea-sauteing（炒茶）,theimportantpartofteaprocessing,determinesthequalityoftheproduct.

TheHomeofTea茶叶的故乡

Processedtealeavespickedfromteatreesbecometheteawepreparewithwaterandthendrink（茶是一种植物，称茶树，它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶）.OriginallyaproductofChina,teawasexportedtopartsofAsiaasearlyassome1500yearsago,anditarrivedinEuropeabout400yearsago.

VarietiesofTea茶叶的品种

Withdifferentwaysofprocessing,teacanbeclassifiedintosuchvarietiesasgreentea绿茶,blacktea红茶,oolongtea['uːlɒŋ]乌龙茶,andscentedtea花茶,etc.andundereachcategory,there’redifferentbrandnamessuchastheXihuLongjing西湖龙井（WestLakeLongjingTea,greenteaproducedinHangzhou,Zhejiang浙江杭州）,Biluochun碧螺春（greentea,producedinJiangsuProv.江苏）.

TeaCeremony茶艺

IntheChineseteaculture,therearecertainritualsandrulestofollow,eitheratthestageofpreparing,drinkingortreatingaguest（沏茶，敬茶，饮茶）.There’salsoasetofcriteriaforthequalityofwater,tea,andtea-makingutensils.

中国书法绘画Chinesecalligraphyandpainting

TheFourTreasuresoftheStudy文房四宝

Wenfang文房referstothestudyforamanofletters,andthetoolsandmaterialsforcalligraphyandpaintingincludethewritingbrush,inkstick,inkslabandpaper（笔、墨、纸、砚）,sotheyarejointlycalled“thefourtreasuresofthestudy”.Inadditiontothese,theremayalsobeotheraccessoriesforcalligraphyandpaintinginthestudy,suchasbrushpots,brushracks,inkboxes,brushrinsingdishes,sealsandsealboxes,ets（还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品）.

TheWritingBrush毛笔

WritingbrushesarethetraditionalwritingtoolsinChina,datingfrom1600BCto1066BC.Thepointofthebrushisusuallymadewithhairfromanimaltailsandtheshaftof