中国传统文化英语表达法四级.docx

1、中国传统文化英语表达法四级中国传统节日Traditional Chinese Festivals The Spring Festival 春节The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the very first day of the Chinese Lunar year. The celebration of the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of the first lunar month and ends on th

2、e Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. The Spring Festival to the Chinese is what Christmas to the Westerners (中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节). The Spring Festival Eve 除夕The Spring Festival Eve, or the Chinese New Years Eve, is call the Danian Sanshi （大年三十）in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance,

3、with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud firecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry back home for their family reunion on the eve. The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜饭The Spring Festival Eve Dinner is known as the Dinner

4、of Reunion. On the Eve, children away from home will all come back to enjoy a tableful of delicacies together with their parents. People in the north prefer jiaozi, the southerners like tangyuan, sweet round dumplings to indicate family reunion, and niangao, which means “going higher and higher in t

5、he coming year”.Spring Festival Couples 贴春联It has been a tradition for the Chinese to paste Spring Festival couples on the doors during the Festival. Words of auspiciousness are written in the couples, which are called duilian对联, or the Pair Couplets, because the words on both couplets should be equ

6、al in number, parallel in form, and attuned in meaning. Sometimes people also paste a hengpi横批, a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, above the couples. Gift Money 压岁钱On the festive occasion, young children will pay New Year calls on and express their best wishes to their elders who, in return

7、, will offer them yasuiqian 压岁钱, money given to children as a Spring Festival gift. The money is usually wrapped up in red paper a symbol of good fortune. Setting off firecrackers 放鞭炮Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to set off firecracker, which is meant to add joy to the festivity. People

8、 wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming year. Paying New Year Calls 拜年The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among relatives, friends and neighbours. Vising Temple Fairs赶庙会During the Festival, people vis

9、it temple fairs, where an assortment of entertaining performances takes place, including Yandko 秧歌 (a rirual folk dance popular in north China), acrobatics（杂技） and folk art shows. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易）are also the integral parts of the fair. The Lantern Festival 元宵节The 1

10、5th day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival, which coincides with the first full-moon night of the year (这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜). The major activities of the day include watching painted lanterns, solving riddles, setting off fireworks, and eating yuanxiao元宵(sweet dumplings) made of g

11、lutinous glu:tins(粘的，胶装的) rice flour （糯米面，糯米粉）.Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵Eating yuanxiao 元宵on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes family reunion and happiness. Yuanxiao are made with glutinous rice flour dough, stuffed with a variety of food such as red bean paste, sesame, mixed nutlets with sugar.

12、Minced meat is another favored flavor (元宵用糯米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等). In southern China, people also eat tangyuan汤圆(like yuanxiao元宵).Watching Painted Lanterns 赏花灯On the night of the Lantern Festival, lines of painted lanterns are hung around the courtyard and along both sides of the street. Th

13、e colorful lights against the full moon create quite a visual feast for people to enjoy (人们观灯赏月，其乐融融).Solving Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on t

14、he fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese Lunar Calendar. The story goes that the day is kept in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan 屈原who died more than 2000 years ago. Its also a day to pray for agricultural harvests as well as to drive pestilences pestilns away (同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日).Qu Yua

15、n (339BC? 278BC?) 屈原Qu Yuan 屈原, a patriotic poet of the Chu State 楚国in ancient China, is greatly respected by people of all times, for both his fine poetry and noble character. It was on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year 278 BC after the falling of the Chu State （楚国） that Qu Yuan （屈

16、原）gave his life to his beloved motherland by drowning himself in the river (因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲愤地投江而死).Dragon Boat Racing 赛龙舟The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. Dragon boat racing originally showed peoples wish to rescue Qu Yuan（屈原）from drowning, and

17、 gradually became a popular competitive mass sport (赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).Eating Zongzi 吃粽子Legend has it that in order to keep the fish away from eating Qu Yuans body, people would throw rice wrapped in bamboo or reed ri:d（芦苇） leaves into the water to feed the fish. Thats

18、how the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. A zongzi （粽子）is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (粽子外形为三角形或四角形), wrapped in large bamboo leaves. The ingredients are mostly glutinous rice, beans, Chinese dates, o

19、r pork.Hanging Moxa 挂艾蒿Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festival in order to expelkspl（驱逐） evil spirits and to relieve peoples internal heat or fever (驱邪解毒). The sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and purify the air around th

20、e house. The Moon Festival 中秋节The Moon Festival or the Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of the Chinese Lunar year. It is also called the Festival of Family Reunion 团圆节, as the full moon around that time very well symbolizes harvests and reunion. It is a time for family membe

21、rs to get together and savourseiv尽情享受moon cakes as they admire the full moon.The Moon Cake 月饼The Cake of Reunion 团圆饼 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty, moon cakes are both the must-eat food and major gift items around the Mo

22、on Festival (月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品，也是节日的重要食品).The Double Ninth Festival 重阳节Chongyang 重阳 the Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Senior Citizens Day 老人节, is on the ninth of the ninth lunar month. As “nine” is regarded as a number of the Yang (positive or masculine by nature in Chinese philosophy), two

23、 “nines” together makes a Chongyang, or Double Yang (中国古人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，所以九月九叫做重阳). On this day, people will go climbing mountains, drinking, and admiring chrysanthemum krisnmm 菊花 flowers. More importantly, its a time for children to show some tender loving care to the seniors or to show

24、 filial fll piety pat for their parents. （filial peity 孝顺，孝心）Climbing the Heights to Keep Away Troubles 登高避灾The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn, when married women are supposed to observe the ritual of visiting their parents and taking them to do some mountain-climbing, so that they could enjoy t

25、he seasonal beauty together.Appreciating the Chrysanthemums 赏菊The chrysanthemums are in full blossom at this time of the year, and the great variety of the flower has long been the object of admiration for the Chinese (品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开，观赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗).Offering Sacrifices to the Goddess of the Sea 祭海神The

26、 ninth of the ninth lunar month happens to be the day when Mazu 妈祖, the Goddess of the Sea, ascended to the heaven. Grand ceremonies are held for her on the day in Chinas coastal cities including the Taiwan Region.The God of Longevity lndevti 寿星老 the guardian of long-life长寿的保护神Chinese Tea 中国茶In Chin

27、a, tea-drinking is part of the Chinese culture: Tea Culture. To drink tea is not only a way of life, it is also a custom (喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯，也是待客的一种习俗). Teahouses where tea-drinkers could also socialize and entertain themselves are all over the country.Tea-sauteing (炒茶), the important part of tea proce

28、ssing, determines the quality of the product.The Home of Tea 茶叶的故乡Processed tea leaves picked from tea trees become the tea we prepare with water and then drink (茶是一种植物，称茶树，它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶). Originally a product of China, tea was exported to parts of Asia as early as some 1500 years ago, and it a

29、rrived in Europe about 400 years ago.Varieties of Tea 茶叶的品种With different ways of processing, tea can be classified into such varieties as green tea 绿茶, black tea 红茶, oolong tea ul乌龙茶, and scented tea 花茶, etc. and under each category, therere different brand names such as the Xihu Longjing 西湖龙井(West

30、 Lake Longjing Tea, green tea produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang 浙江杭州), Biluochun 碧螺春(green tea, produced in Jiangsu Prov.江苏).Tea Ceremony 茶艺In the Chinese tea culture, there are certain rituals and rules to follow, either at the stage of preparing, drinking or treating a guest (沏茶，敬茶，饮茶). Theres also a

31、 set of criteria for the quality of water, tea, and tea-making utensils.中国书法绘画 Chinese calligraphy and paintingThe Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝Wenfang 文房refers to the study for a man of letters, and the tools and materials for calligraphy and painting include the writing brush, ink stick, ink sl

32、ab and paper (笔、墨、纸、砚), so they are jointly called “the four treasures of the study”. In addition to these, there may also be other accessories for calligraphy and painting in the study, such as brush pots, brush racks, ink boxes, brush rinsing dishes, seals and seal boxes, ets (还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品).The Writing Brush 毛笔Writing brushes are the traditional writing tools in China, dating from 1600 BC to 1066 BC. The point of the brush is usually made with hair from animal tails and the shaft of