高中英语人教版选修9同步练习题Unit 2 单元综合测评2.docx

高中英语人教版选修9同步练习题Unit 2 单元综合测评2.docx

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高中英语人教版选修9同步练习题Unit2单元综合测评2

单元综合测评

（二）

（时间：

100分钟；满分：

120分）

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

RobertBallardwasbornin1942.Fromanearlyage,helovedthesea.BallardgrewupinSouthernCalifornia.Hespenthisfreetimeatthebeachnearhishome.Heenjoyedfishingandswimming.Heevenlearnedtodive.

WhenBallardwasn'tattheocean,helovedreadingaboutit.Atage10,hereadTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea,abookwhichdescribestheunderseaadventuresofCaptainNemo.BallarddecidedhewantedtobelikeCaptainNemowhenhegrewup.Hisparentshelpedhimfollowhisdream.

Ballardwasahardworkingstudent.Hespentmanyyearslearningallhecouldabouttheocean.Bytheageof28,hewasanexpert.In1970，hetookajobasascientistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstituteinMassachusetts.TherehestudiedunderwatermountainsoftheAtlanticOcean.Hecameupwithwaystopredictvolcanoesundertheoceans.Workingwithotherscientists,Ballardalsofoundpreviouslyunknownseaanimals.Theseanimalslivedfarbelowtheocean'ssurface，wherescientistshadbelievednoanimalscouldlive.

Bythe1980s,Ballard'sinterestschanged.Hedevelopedunmannedvehiclestoexploretheoceanbottom.Hisfirstfind,thewellknownshipTitanic,madeBallardfamous.Hewasnothappywithjustonebigfind,however.Helookedforandfoundotherwellknownships.OnewastheGermanbattleshipBismarck.AnotherwastheUSS.Yorktown，anaircraftcarrier（航空母舰）thatsankduringWorldWarⅡ.

TodayRobertBallardisstillanunderwaterexplorer.Healsoheadsanorganizationthatencouragesstudentstolearnaboutscience.Ballardhopesthatsomeofthestudentswillfollowinhisfootsteps.Afterall,theworld'shugeoceansaremostlyunknown.Whoknowswhatremainstobediscoveredunderthesea?

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了RobertBallard成为水下探险家的经过。

1．WhatwasBallard'sdreamwhenhewasyoung?

A．Tobeascienceteacher.

B．Tobeafamouswriter.

C．Tobeananimalexpert.

D．Tobeanunderwaterexplorer.

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句“BallarddecidedhewantedtobelikeCaptainNemowhenhegrewup.”并结合第二段第二句可知，他的梦想是成为水下探险家。

【答案】　D

2．WhenBallardworkedatWoodsHoleOceanographic

Institute,he________．

A．exploredtheunderseaworldbyship

B．thoughtofideastopredictunderwater

volcanoes

C．foundsomeunknownseaanimalsalone

D．setupanorganizationtoteachstudentsscience

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第三段第六句“Hecameupwithwaystopredictvolcanoesundertheoceans.”可知，他想出了预测水下火山爆发的方法。

【答案】　B

3．WhichisthecorrectorderoftheeventsmentionedinthetextaboutBallard?

a．HefoundtheGermanbattleshipBismarck.

b．HereadabookaboutCaptainNemo.

c．HefoundthefamousshipTitanic.

d．Hebecameanexpertinscience.

A．b－c－d－a　　　　　B．d－b－c－a

C．b－d－c－aD．d－c－a－b

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第二段内容可知，他10岁时读了有关Nemo船长的书，根据第三段内容可知，他1970年时成为一名科学家；根据第四段内容可知，到20世纪80年代，他发现了泰坦尼克号，之后发现了德国俾斯麦号战舰。

【答案】　C

4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．BallardwasgreatlyinfluencedbyTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea.

B．Ballarddidn'tlikefishingandswimminginhischildhood.

C．Ballard'sparentsfeltdisappointedathisunderseaadventures.

D．Humanbeingshaveexploredmorethanhalfofthesea.

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据第二段内容可知，RobertBallard读了《海底两万里》这本书使他明确了他的理想，并为之努力，最终获得了成功。

因此这本书影响了他的一生。

【答案】　A

B

【导学号：

15680051】

Coralreefs（珊瑚礁）arenotjustbeautifultolookat,butalsoveryuseful.Theyshelternearly25%ofoceanlifeandprovidefoodforbillionsofpeople.However,likemanyotherspecies,thisamazingecosystem（生态系统）isindangerofdyingout!

Therearetwomainreasonsforthedestruction—therisingcarbondioxidelevelscausedbyglobalwarmingaswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.Whilenotmuchcanbedoneabouttheformer,thelosscausedbythelattercanbereduced.

Bottomoperationinvolvesdroppingnetstotheoceanbedandthendraggingthemupwhenfilledwithfish.Thisactiondamagedtheoceanfloor,causingthecoralbranchestoseparatefromthereefs.Whilethatisverydiscouraging,thegoodnewsisthatifthesebranchesarefoundquickly,theycanbesaved.Atpresent,thatworkisbeingperformedbyvolunteerdivers.Butthemethodhasonlylimitedsuccessbecausetheycannotstaylongunderwater,norreachdepthsofover200meterswheresomeofthedeepseacoralgrows.

However,thisisnotthecaseforCoralbots－therobotsthatcanconstantlyseekoutbrokenbranches.Ateamof‘coralbots’，eachindividuallyworkingtosimpleruleswillpiecetogetherdamagedbitsofcoral,allowingthemtoregrow.Theyareprogrammedtobeabletodistinguishbetweenotherthingsandthecoral.Therobotsworktogetheringroups,similartobees.Ifonecoralbotisdamagedthentheotherswillstillbeabletocompletethetask.

DrLeaAnneHenrysaid,“Theprojectofusingcoralbotsoffersusthepossibilitytorestore（修复）thefunctionofreefs.Itisinthefinalstageoftesting.Onceready,theresearchershopetobuildhundredsofthemandusethemeffectivelyinthewatersoffScotlandandthenhopefullyintheoceansacrosstheworld.”

【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。

美丽的珊瑚礁不仅在维系海洋生态平衡方面起着十分重要的作用，它与我们的日常生活也息息相关。

对于面临灭绝的珊瑚礁我们能做点什么呢？

5．Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedangerthatcoralreefsarefacing?

A．Theappearanceofnewcreatures.

B．Theseriouslypollutedseawater.

C．Theactivitiesofvolunteerdivers.

D．Humanactivitieslikebottomoperation.

【解析】　事实细节题。

根据第二段首句中的“...aswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.”可知答案为D。

【答案】　D

6．Comparedwithvolunteerdivers,coralbots________.

A．canstaylongerunderwater

B．mustworkasbeesdo

C．candistinguishwhatiscoral

D．canneverbedamaged

【解析】　推理判断题。

由第三段可知，目前修复受损珊瑚礁的工作由潜水志愿者完成。

但他们因为不能长时间待在水下而使工作效果大打折扣。

再结合第四段首句可知机器人在水下停留的时间会长些。

故答案为A。

【答案】　A

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphreferto?

A．Coralbots.B．Brokenbranches.

C．Workingbees.D．Bitsofcoral.

【解析】　词义猜测题。

由上文可知，修复受损珊瑚礁的机器人目前还处于调试阶段。

结合语境可以推断，一旦调试完毕，研究者们希望批量生产这种机器人。

因此答案为A。

【答案】　A

8．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．

A．bottomoperationhasaffectedmostunderwatercreatures

B．brokenbranchesofcoralcanregrowifsavedintime

C．hundredsofthecoralbotshaveworkedwellintheoceans

D．withthecoralbotsalldamagedcoralreefscanberestored

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据第三段首句可知A项没有依据；由最后一段可知这种机器人尚未正式投入使用，故排除C项；由于D项中的all一词过于绝对，此项也不可选。

而根据倒数第二段中的“...constantlyseekoutbrokenbranches”和“...piecetogetherdamagedbitsofcoral，allowingthemtogrow.”可知答案为B。

【答案】　B

C

LifeintheClear

Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3，300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says，“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey'reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”

Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecomeseethrough?

It'strickierthanyoumightthink.

Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter（散射）light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.

Butatransparentobjectdoesn'tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn'tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon'tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.

Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments（色素）thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn'thavepigments,soitstissueswon'tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscattering.

Animalsarebuiltofmanydifferentmaterials—skin,fat,andmore—andlightmovesthrougheachatadifferentspeed.Everytimelightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.Transparentanimalsusedifferenttrickstofightscattering.Someanimalsaresimplyverysmallorextremelyflat.Withoutmuchtissuetoscatterlight,itiseasiertobeseethrough.Othersbuildalarge,clearmassofnonlivingjellylike（果冻状的）materialandspreadthemselvesoverit.

Largertransparentanimalshavethebiggestchallenge,becausetheyhavetomakeallthedifferenttissuesintheirbodiesslowdownlightexactlyasmuchaswaterdoes.Theyneedtolookuniform.Buthowthey'redoingitisstillunknown.Onethingisclear:

fortheselargeranimals,stayingtransparentisanactiveprocess.Whentheydie,theyturnanontransparentmilkywhite.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章解释了生活在海洋中的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。

9．AccordingtoParagraph1,transparentanimals________．

A．stayingroups

B．canbeeasilydamaged

C．appearonlyindeepocean

D．arebeautifulcreatures

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.可知，大部分的透明生物是非常脆弱的，仅碰一碰就会受到损害，故B项“很容易受到损害”正确。

A项“集体待在一起”和D项“是美丽的生物”在第一段中没有提到；根据第一段中的betweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3，300feet可知，它们生活在海面与海面以下大约3300英尺之间的海水中，故C项“只出现在深海中”错误。

【答案】　B

10．Theunderlinedword“dead”inParagraph3means________．

A．silentlyB．gradually

C．regularlyD．completely

【解析】　词义猜测题。

由第三段可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。

既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了，因此这里dead意为“完全地”，故选D。

【答案】　D

11．Onewayforananimaltobecometransparentisto________．

A．changethedirectionoflighttravel

B．gathermaterialstoscatterlight

C．avoidtheabsorptionoflight