跨文化交际期末复习.docx

跨文化交际期末复习.docx

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跨文化交际期末复习

Unit1

Terminterpretation

Economicglobalization经济全球化

Theintegrationofnationaleconomicsofnationaleconomicsintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade,foreigndirectinvestment,capitalflows,migration,andthespreadofthetechnology.

BarterSystem物物交换

Farmingcommunitiestradedtheirsurplusproduceinexchangeforproductsandserviceswithoutthemediumofmoney

GlobalVillage地球村

Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldfromonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications,especiallytheInternet.

Meltingpot大熔炉

Toassimilatetheculturesofdifferentbackgrounds

CulturalDiversity文化多样性

Countrieshavebeenmixedinsteadofassimilate

BriefAnswer

1.Whatarethefourtrendsthatleadtothedevelopmentoftheglobalvillage?

1）convenienttransportationsystems

2）Innovativecommunicationsystems

3）Economicglobalization

4）widespreadmigration

2.Whatarethethreeaspectswheretheculturaldifferencesexist?

（选择）

1）verbaldifference;language,thoughtpatterns

2）Non-verbalcommunication;body-language,timeconcept,spaciouslanguage,paralanguage...

3）values;worldviews,beliefs,attitudes...

Unit1后半

Terminterpretation

Culture

Culturecanbeseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture

Enculturation文化习得

Theprocessoflearningone'sownculture

Acculturation文化适应

Adaptthecultureslearningbytheothercultures

Ps：

文化习得，文化适应需要对比

Ethnocentrism文化中心主义

Thinkyourcultureissuperiortotheothers

BriefAnswer

Whatarethethreeingreduentsofculture?

Products,behaviors,andideas.

Howtounderstandculturaliceberg?

Culturelikeanicebergcanbedividedintotwoparts:

cultureabovethewaterlineandculturebelowthewaterline.Cultureabovethewaterlineisexplicit,visible,tangible,easytochangewithtime,atipoftheiceberg.Culturebelowthewaterlineisimplicit,invisible,intangible,hardtochangewithtime,themajority

Whatarethecharacteristicofculture?

Cultureisdynamic,shared,learned,ethnocentric（文化中心主义）

Unit2

Terminterpretation

Source发出信息的人

Personwhosendoutinformation

Encoding编码

Theprocessofputtingyourthoughtsintosymbols

Message

Encodedthoughts

Channel渠道

Thewaythemessageisdelivered

Decoding解码

Assignameaningtothewords

Receiver

Personwhoattendstotheinformation

Context内容

Thephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundus

BriefAnswer

Whatarethethreecharacteristicsofcommunication?

（简答/选择）Communicationistransactional（互换性），dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematicandcontextual.

Whatarethethreebasicaspectstocommunication?

Andonwhichaspectdoesthesuccessofinterpretationcommunicationgreatlydependon?

Ourindividualpersonality,thecultureweoperatein,thephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundsus.

Dependonthecultureweoperatein.

Unit2后半

Terminterpretation

VerballnterculturalCommunication非言语行为

Peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughlanguage

Pragmatics语言学

Thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptions（感知I）andbehavior

Shortanswerquestion

1.HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing?

InChinese,thesurnameisputbeforethegivenname.

InAmerican,viceversa,thenameorder.

Inrecentyears,manyEnglish-speakingpeopletendtoaddressothersbytheirgivennames,evenwhenmeetingforthefirsttime.ButinChinese,wetendtoaddresseachotherwiththefullname.

AnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson'stitleoffice,orprofession

Therefore,onecanconcludethattheChinesecustomsofaddressingmemberswiththekinshipterms（亲戚关系）evennotrelatedbybloodormarriage

2.Whoshouldbeintroducedfirstinthewest?

Thesenior,thefemale,theguest

3.HowisChinesehospitalitydifferentfromAmericanhospitality?

A:

InChina,aguestusuallyobservestheprincipleofavoidingbringingtroubletothehost.

InAmerican,incontrast,itisthehostwhotriestoavoidinterferinginguests'freedomofactionbyleavingroomforthegueststomakechoices.

B:

TheChinesehostusuallygoestotroubletomakesurethereissomethingleftafterthemeal;the"wastefulness"ofthispracticehasbeencriticizedinAmerican,andsomeadvocateorderingmoresensiblequantities.

PS:

1.appropriatetopicsi.eJimSmith—UncleJim

2.responsetocomplaint

3.makeapology

Unit3

Terminterpretation

Aculturalassumption文化定式

AculturalassumptionIswhenweassumethatapersonhasparticularvaluesandattitudesbasedontheirculturalbackgrounds.

BriefAnswer

HowwouldAmericansmisunderstandtheChineseresponsestothecompliments?

1.Inthefirstcase,theimplicationwasthatthepraisorhadpoorjudgement

2.Thepraisorwasnotsincere

3.TheChinesewouldbesuspectedofufishingforcompliments"

WhyaretheChinesereluctanttopayacom